(;SZ[19]C[Kogo's Software Joseki Dictionary
Var 1: 3-3
Var 2: 3-4
Var 3: 4-4
Var 4: 5-3
Var 5: 5-4

Choosing a joseki:
Since josekis work effectively in a certain direction, examine positions at adjacent corners and sides before choosing a joseki. The opposite corner matters only if a ladder is involved. Some guidelines:
1. Have support for a fight - A high position provides support, a low position does not.
2. Take the side with most value -
2a. A juncture point for both sides is of great value.
2b. A side where making territory is uncertain is of little value.
3. Consider strategic balance.]GN[Kogo's Joseki Dictionary. Copyright 1998-2000 by Gary Odom. Portions copyright 2000 by Stefan Verstraeten.No commercial distribution without permission. Contact kogo@teleport.com.]DT[2000-11-25]
(;B[qc]AW[jd][jc][nl]AE[jd][jc][nl]LB[pd:a][oc:b][nd:c]C[The san-san (3-3) point, emphasizing territory at the expense of influence (especially following an approach at 'a'). 

All joseki for the 3-3 point are relatively simple.

White approaches are 'a' to 'c'. White 'b' and 'c' are played when a particular side is favored.]
(;W[pd]CR[ob]LB[qd:a][pc:b]SQ[re]AW[jc]MA[oc]C[The shoulder-hit is the traditional answer to the 3-3.

The direction of Black 3 depends on the positions on the side.

Crawling once is the premise for sliding with a knight's move. Black 3 crawls in the direction opposite of a knight's move from the 3-3 (the red and black marks). To play to the top (the red dot), first crawl to on the right ('a'). To play to the right (the black square), crawl along the top ('b').

Black's knight's move reduces territory potential on the side it is played. For example, if Black has a supporting stone at top that would cramp White's extension  (such as shown), then Black should crawl at 'a', not 'b'. 

Given a White stone at top as shown, White 2 would be a mistake. In such a case, White should have played at X, then made a knight's move from X to make territory at top.];B[qd]LB[pe:a][pf:b][pc:c]AW[jc]AE[jc]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is a mistake.]

(;W[pe]LB[ob:a][pc:b][qf:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[ob]LB[md:a][qe:b][nc:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is a mistake, as White's stones are disconnected.]
(;W[md]LB[rf:a][nd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. 'b' is played if Black wants to emphasize the top.]
(;B[rf];W[ph])
(;B[nd];W[ne];B[nc];W[me];B[lc];W[qe]))
(;W[qe];B[nd]LB[qi:a][nc:b]C[Black 7 is absolutely necessary. White continues with 'a'. White 'b', an amateur innovation, is a trick play.]
(;W[qi])
(;W[nc]C[White 8 is a trick play.];B[oc];W[mc];B[od];W[qi]C[Now Black may harass the two White stones, or play elsewhere.]))
(;W[nc]C[White 6 is a mistake.];B[qe]LB[qf:a][pg:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qf];B[pf]C[Black 9 works however White decides to continue owing to White 6 lacking sufficient connection to White 2,4.];W[qg]C[A likely continuation by White.];B[oc];W[nd];B[od]LB[of:a][oe:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[of];B[oe]LB[pg:a][ne:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai. Black has a large corner and is out in the center, while White has splintered groups.])
(;W[oe];B[ne]LB[nf:a][of:b]C[Black must cut at 15. White may try 'a' or 'b'. Either way, Black takes the two White stones at top or White suffers for trying to save them.]
(;W[nf];B[me];W[of];B[mc])
(;W[of];B[me]LB[lc:a][ld:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b' to save the two top stones. Both leave White at a loss.]
(;W[lc];B[ld]CR[mc]C[Black's aim is the red dot point.])
(;W[ld];B[md];W[mc];B[lc]C[White cannot save the three stones.]))))
(;W[pg];B[qf])))
(;B[pc]LB[nd:a][qe:b][oc:c][md:d]C[Kitani Minoru invariably played this way.  Black 5 is thicker than the knight's move, but White also gets good shape. 'a' is joseki; 'b' and 'c' are not. White 'd' is an overplay.]
(;W[nd];B[oc]LB[mf:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[mf];B[mc];W[qe])
(;W[nc]C[White 8 is unreasonable.];B[od];W[oe];B[ne]C[White is cut in two. Black has a secure corner and better prospects in the fight ahead.]))
(;W[qe];B[od];W[oe];B[nd];W[qi];B[jc])
(;W[oc]LB[nc:a][ob:b]C[White 6 is not recommended.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is submissive.]
(;B[nc];W[ob];B[od]LB[nd:a][nb:b]C[White plays 'a' if the ladder to capture Black 9 is unfavorable, and 'b' if the ladder is favorable.]
(;W[nd]C[White plays this way when the ladder is unfavorable.];B[oe];W[mc];B[ne];W[md];B[pf])
(;W[nb]C[White plays this way when the ladder is favorable.];B[mc]LB[nd:a][mb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[nd];B[oe];W[md];B[pf];W[lc])
(;W[mb]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[lc]LB[lb:a][qe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' compounds the mistake.]
(;W[lb];B[qe];W[kc];B[me])
(;W[qe]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[lb]C[White's four stones are lost.]))))
(;B[ob]C[Black 7 is weak.];W[nc];B[nb];W[mc];B[qf];W[og];B[qg]))
(;W[md]LB[qf:a][mb:b]C[White 6 is an overplay. Depending on the side of value, Black continues with 'a' or 'b' locally, or plays elsewhere.]))
(;B[qf]LB[pc:a][qe:b]C[White continues with 'a' to take the top side. White 'b' is premature.]
(;W[pc]LB[qe:a][pf:b][qg:c][qb:d]C[Black possibilities are 'a' to 'd'. Black 'a' is solid, and recommended. Black 'b' provokes White 'a', a rather unnecessary provocation. Black 'c' has no advantage over 'a'. Black 'd' is recommended only if the right side has no promise for Black, and 'd' could be sente (because the top has value).]
(;B[qe];W[kc]LB[og:a][pj:b][qj:c]C[Black may play elsewhere, or locally at 'a', or around 'b' or 'c'.]
(;B[og]C[Black 9 is one local possibility, depending on support in the lower right.])
(;B[pj]C[Black 9 is high, a nice extension from Black 5, but a bit thin.])
(;B[qj]C[Black 9 is low, but may make sense strategically.]))
(;B[pf]C[Black 7 provokes White to cut.];W[qe];B[re]LB[rd:a][rf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[rd];B[rc];W[rf];B[sd]LB[of:a][rg:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[of];B[rg])
(;W[rg]C[White 14 is unreasonable.];B[of];W[md];B[qh];W[rh];B[qi];W[ri];B[qj]))
(;W[rf];B[rd];W[rg];B[pb];W[ob];B[qb]LB[oc:a][nc:b][nd:c][of:d]C[White 'a' is solid. White 'b' and 'c' are also possible. White 'd', threatening to capture the two Black stones, is an overplay.]
(;W[oc]LB[of:a][og:b]C[Black runs with 'a' or 'b'.])
(;W[nc]LB[of:a][og:b]C[Black runs with 'a' or 'b'.])
(;W[nd]LB[of:a][og:b]C[Black runs with 'a' or 'b'.])
(;W[of]C[White 16 is unreasonable.];B[nb]LB[oc:a][oa:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' only compounds the mistake.]
(;W[oc];B[oa])
(;W[oa];B[oc]LB[nc:a][od:b]C[Neither White 'a' nor 'b' work.]
(;W[nc];B[od];W[oe];B[nd])
(;W[od];B[nc])))))
(;B[qg])
(;B[qb]))
(;W[qe]C[White 6 is premature.];B[re]LB[pc:a][rf:b][rd:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' and 'c' are mistakes.]
(;W[pc];B[qb];W[og]LB[qg:a][qh:b]C[White later aims at 'a'. Black may play 'b' to forestall this, or play elsewhere.])
(;W[rf]C[White 8 is a mistake.];B[rg];W[rd];B[sf];W[rc];B[rb];W[qb];B[pc];W[sb];B[pb];W[ra];B[sd])
(;W[rd]C[White 8 is a mistake.];B[rf]LB[pc:a][rc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[pc];B[rc])
(;W[rc];B[pb];W[pc];B[qb];W[ob];B[rb])))))
(;W[pf]LB[od:a][pe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[od];W[oe]LB[pc:a][oc:b]C[Black continues with 'a', or 'b' to take sente.]
(;B[pc];W[nd];B[pe]LB[nf:a][qe:b][oc:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' or 'c' are overplays that start a fight where White is split disadvantageously.]
(;W[nf])
(;W[qe];B[ne];W[pd];B[oc];W[md];B[nf];W[of];B[le];W[kc];B[nh])
(;W[oc];B[of];W[pd];B[qe];W[pg];B[nf];W[ne];B[oh];W[qi];B[lf]))
(;B[oc]C[Black 7 is intended to take sente.];W[me]))
(;B[pe];W[oe];B[qe];W[of]LB[nc:a][qg:b][oc:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b', depending upon the side of interest. Black 'c' is a mistake.]
(;B[nc];W[qf])
(;B[qg];W[nc])
(;B[oc]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[nc])))
(;W[pc]C[White 4 is a mistake, even with support at top as shown.]AW[jc];B[pe]C[Black responds to White's mistake at 4.];W[oe];B[of];W[pf];B[qe];W[ne];B[nf];W[me];B[pg]LB[pb:a]C[The black hane at 'a' plus connection remains sente.]
))
(;W[oc]AW[jc]C[White 2 is used with a supporting stone such as shown.];B[pe]AW[jc]AE[jd];W[md];B[qi])
(;W[nd]LB[pf:a][pe:b][jd:c][qf:d]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'a' works well when Black is in the lower right (so an extension in the middle works both ways). The more conservative 'b' is makes a slightly tighter shape (better for a fight).

Black 'c' is possible if Black has an extension on the right side. 

Black 'd' may be best if White has a stone on the right side that blocks extension.]
(;B[pf];W[jd];B[qj]LB[nf:a][oc:b][pc:c]C[The follow-up points are 'a' for profit and 'b' for influence.
White 'c' is not recommended.]
(;W[nf])
(;W[oc]LB[pc:a][dp:b]C[Black continues with 'a', or risks the corner by playing elsewhere ('b').]
(;B[pc];W[nf])
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[qb]LB[qd:a][rb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qd];W[rb])
(;B[rb]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[qd]C[Black is in trouble.])))
(;W[pc]C[White 6 settles the corner in sente, but solidifies Black.];B[pd];W[oc];B[qb];W[nf];B[ph]C[Black is better off.]))
(;B[pe]LB[jc:a][qg:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is possible with support at right.]
(;W[jc];B[qi];W[pc]LB[pd:a][oc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' gives White the corner in sente, a local loss.]
(;B[pd];W[oc];B[qb];W[nf];B[pg])
(;B[oc]LB[pd:a][od:b]C[Black 7 is not recommended.

White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pd];B[od];W[qd];B[qe];W[rd];B[oe];W[ob];B[nb];W[pb];B[nc])
(;W[od]C[White 8 is a mistake.];B[pd];W[pb];B[ob];W[qb];B[rb];W[rc];B[qd];W[ra];B[sb];W[sc];B[pa];W[sa]
;B[rb])))
(;W[qg]AW[qj]C[In this case, Black 3 was a mistake.];B[of]C[Black must play 5 to get to the center.];W[kd]LB[re:a][oc:b]C['a' and 'b' are local vital points.]))
(;B[jd]AB[qj]C[A pincer around Black 3 is possible if Black has support such as the stone shown on the right side.];W[pd];B[qd];W[pf]C[White aims to settle himself playing loosely.];B[qe];W[ng];B[qg];W[hd]AW[dd]C[White 10 is a checking extension. This play makes sense if White has support in the top right corner, as shown.])
(;B[qf]AW[qj]C[Black plays 3 if White has a stone as shown that blocks Black from extending down the right side.])))
(;B[qd]LB[oc:a][nc:b][nd:c][od:d][dp:e]GN[3-4 Joseki]C[The komoku (3-4) point is the traditional corner enclosure move. White approaches with 'a' to 'd'. 'e' covers enclosure (shimari) joseki.

e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[oc]LB[pe:a][pf:b][qg:c][mc:d][lc:e][kc:f][md:g][ld:h][kd:i][od:j][nd:k][pc:l]C[The small knight move is the basic approach move to the 3-4 point stone. It has been continually used for over four centuries. There are limitless variations, with new moves constantly being discovered. White 2 opens the door to a treaure store of joseki.

Black responds with 'a' to 'k'. Black 'l' indicates a special strategy based upon favorable local position.

'k' is somewhat a trick play. Black must have the ladder.

l12, k11, j10, i9, h8, g7, f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1

outcomes:
a1, b2, c3, j10, k12 - Black right
d4, e5, g7, h8, i9  - White choice
f6 - variable
k11 - Black thick outside, White big corner
]
(;B[pe]LB[md:a][lc:b][kc:c][jc:d][dp:e][nd:f]C[Black 3, the famous Shusaku diagonal move, is a steady way of responding to White's kakari. Black can now aim to press against the lone White stone with 'a'.

White's possible local responses are 'a' through 'd'. 
White 'a': White must be prepared to fight.
White 'b': secure.
White 'c': invites invasion.
White 'd': played as an extension from the top left; invites invasion.

Variation 5 shows Black continuations when White plays elsewhere.

White 'f' is an Edo period (1600-1867) joseki that has since been abandoned as unfavorable to White.

f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[md]LB[qj:a][kc:b]C[White must be prepared for a fight. Black finishes the joseki with 'a', or starts a fight with 'b'.]
(;B[qj];W[ic];B[pc]C[Continuation. The difference between Black and White playing here (White at R18) is nearly 20 points. This is a large endgame move.];W[od];B[pb])
(;B[kc]LB[hd:a][qb:b]C[Black must consider the upper left corner when playing this way. Without support this is an overplay for Black.

White attacks the lone Black stone with 'a' (joseki), or slides in the corner with 'b', which is not joseki, as 'b' has problems.]
(;W[hd];B[ke];W[mf])
(;W[qb];B[qi]LB[mb:a][lc:b][kd:c]C[White doesn't have a good follow-up. Black 'a' is intolerable, but White 'b', Black 'c' is not favorable to White.])))
(;W[lc]LB[pc:a][qj:b][dp:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or possibly 'b'. Playing elsewhere ('c'; tennuki) is not joseki.

c3, b2, a1]
(;B[pc];W[od];B[pg])
(;B[qj]LB[ne:a][qb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' gives Black a chance for moyo.]
(;W[ne];B[pc];W[ob];B[pg])
(;W[qb];B[nd];W[nc];B[le]))
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere (not joseki).];W[qb]C[White makes ideal shape if Black plays elsewhere.];B[qi]))
(;W[kc]LB[pc:a][od:b]C[The three-space extension is a light move and is most often used in actual games. For Black to attack at 'a' and provoke 'b' would give White an ideal position. Black should invade.];B[mc]LB[oe:a][mb:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'a' leads to capture of Black 5 at top. White 'b' leads to thickness at the loss of territory.]
(;W[oe];B[of];W[ne];B[pg];W[ld];B[pc];W[ob])
(;W[mb]LB[lb:a][nb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[lb];W[lc];B[nb];W[md];B[nc];W[nd]LB[od:a][kb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is bad.]
(;B[od];W[ob];B[ma];W[oa];B[na];W[kb];B[pc];W[oe];B[pd];W[of])
(;B[kb]C[Black 13 is a mistake.];W[ob];B[ma];W[oe]LB[jc:a][of:b]C[No matter what Black does, White can play at 'a' or 'b', either of which are severe.]))
(;B[nb]C[Black 7 is a mistake in direction.];W[nc];B[lb];W[md];B[lc];W[ld];B[ob];W[kb];B[ma];W[ke];B[pc]LB[nd:a]C[White has made good shape in sente. If Black cuts at 'a', White sacrifices the two White stones.]
)))
(;W[jc]LB[nd:a][lc:b]C[The four-space extension of White 4 is often played in relation to stones in the upper left corner. This extension, however, is quite wide and if Black invades, it is impossible to determine how the sequence will develop, so White must be ready for anything.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd];W[nc]LB[ld:a][md:b]C[Joseki continues with Black 'a', not 'b'.]
(;B[ld]LB[mc:a][od:b]C[White continues with 'a', not 'b'.]
(;W[mc];B[ne];W[lc];B[qj])
(;W[od]C[White 8 is vulgar.];B[oe];W[md];B[me];W[ne];B[nf]LB[lc:a][le:b]C[White must play at 'a', not 'b'.]
(;W[lc];B[nd];W[mc])
(;W[le]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[nd];W[mc];B[kd]C[Black has thickness and White must still defend the left side.])))
(;B[md]C[Black 7 is poor.];W[mc];B[ld];W[lc]LB[kd:a][qj:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai, to Black's disadvantage.]))
(;B[lc];W[oe];B[of];W[ne]LB[pc:a][le:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;B[pc];W[pb];B[qb];W[le])
(;B[le]C[Black 9 is unreasonaable.];W[pf];B[pg];W[qf];B[qg];W[re]LB[rg:a][rd:b]C[White captures the two Black stones by playing 'a' or 'b'.])))
(;W[dp]LB[nd:a][lc:b][kc:c]C[White plays elsewhere. Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.

Black 'a': gives White territory.
Black 'b', 'c': White choice of territory or outside fighting.]
(;B[nd]LB[mc:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is slow and produces a heavy shape.]
(;W[mc]C[The exchange of the pressing play of Black 5 and White 6 is the classical way of handling this position. Nowadays, however, players do not like to give White secure territory so this joseki is not used very often.

Black can play elsewhere or continue locally with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[ld:a][kc:b]
(;B[ld]LB[lb:a][md:b][qc:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'c'. White 'b' leads to a trap. White 'c' gives White life in sente.]
(;W[lb];B[md];W[jc])
(;W[md];B[me];W[le];B[lc]LB[nc:a][ne:b][mb:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake. White 'c' confines White completely.]
(;W[nc];B[ne];W[lb];B[kb];W[ma];B[jd];W[qb])
(;W[ne]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[mf];W[od];B[nf];W[oe];B[mb]LB[nc:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is bad.]
(;W[nc];B[of])
(;W[of]C[White 18 is a mistake.];B[nc];W[pf];B[qf];W[qg];B[rg]LB[qh:a][rf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[qh];B[rh];W[qi];B[ri];W[qj];B[qc])
(;W[rf]C[White 24 is unreasonable.];B[qe];W[rh];B[pg];W[qh];B[og];W[qc];B[rc];W[qb];B[rb];W[re];B[rd];W[ob]
;B[ra]LB[qa:a]C[Black must play 37, not 'a'. White cannot save the stones in the corner.])))
(;W[mb];B[ke];W[lf];B[lb]LB[ne:a][qc:b]C[White may try the cut at 'a' or attachment at 'b'.]
(;W[ne];B[mf];W[nf];B[mg];W[od];B[ng]LB[of:a][pf:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'. Neither work.]
(;W[of];B[pg])
(;W[pf];B[qf];W[pg];B[qg];W[ph];B[of];W[oe];B[og];W[qb];B[pi]C[Black 31 is the nose attachment (hana-tsuke) tesuji.];W[qh];B[qi];W[oh]
;B[rh]C[The five White stones will have trouble.]))
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[pc];B[nf];W[rb];B[rd];W[sb];B[kf];W[lg];B[kg];W[lh];B[nh])))
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[pb];B[qb];W[pc]LB[md:a][rb:b]C[Black continues with 'a', not 'b'.]
(;B[md];W[rb];B[sb];W[ra];B[re])
(;B[rb]C[Black 13 is a mistake.];W[oe]C[White escapes to the center.])))
(;B[kc]LB[md:a][ic:b]C[Black plays this way to emphasize the top. White continues with 'a' or 'b' ('b' to thwart Black's plan).]
(;W[md];B[hc])
(;W[ic];B[ld];W[qc]C[White tries to live.];B[rc];W[rb])))
(;W[nc]C[White 6 is poor.];B[md]LB[mc:a][lc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' involves a ladder.]
(;W[mc];B[ld];W[kc])
(;W[lc]LB[mc:a][ld:b]C[Black plays 'a' with a favorable ladder, Black if not.]
(;B[mc]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way.];W[mb];B[nb]C[Black plays this way then the ladder to capture 8 is favorable.]
(;W[ob];B[lb];W[na];B[kc])
(;W[lb];B[ob];W[pc];B[pb];W[qc];B[qb];W[rb];B[rc];W[rd];B[sc];W[sd];B[re];W[sb]
;B[rc]C[White loses.]))
(;B[ld];W[kc];B[mc];W[mb];B[lb];W[nb];B[jc]LB[kb:a][kd:b]C[Black 15 is a tesuji. White must play 'a', not 'b'.]
(;W[kb];B[kd])
(;W[kd]C[White 16 is a mistake. The White stones below will be captured.];B[kb])))))
(;B[lc]LB[nd:a][qb:b][oe:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is a mistake.]
(;AE[pc][nd]W[nd]LB[pc:a][ic:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pc];W[id];B[le];W[nf];B[lg];W[nh])
(;B[ic];W[qb];B[qi];W[rc]))
(;W[qb];B[nd];W[nc];B[md];W[rc])
(;W[oe]C[White 6 is a mistake.];B[of];W[ne];B[le];W[nf];B[og]))
(;B[kc]LB[mc:a][qb:b][ic:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is also possible if White greatly favors the top.]
(;W[mc];B[pc];W[me];B[ke];W[mg])
(;W[qb];B[nd];W[nc];B[md];W[lb];B[kb];W[lc];B[ld];W[rc];B[je])
(;W[ic];B[nd];W[mc];B[ld]C[The same as variation 2-1-1-5-1-1-2-2.];W[qc];B[rc];W[rb])))
(;W[nd]C[White 4, known as the "double diagonal move", is no longer joseki, as Black gets a favorably thick shape.];B[ne];W[me];B[nf];W[kc];B[mf]))
(;B[pf]LB[qc:a][lc:b][kc:c][qh:d][dp:e]C[The knight's move of Black 3 is a quiet response to White's kakari. It is not as solid as the diagonal play but it is more flexible, since Black can make a wider extension along the right side.

The main difference between the diagonal play and the knight's move is that White has the option of attaching at 'a'. White 'b' through 'd' are other options, depending upon strategic considerations.

Variation 5 illustrates White playing elsewhere.

e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[pd]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[qb];B[qj])
(;B[qb]LB[qe:a][pc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' creates bad shape.]
(;W[qe];B[pc];W[rd]LB[qc:a][od:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b', provoking a ko, is unreasonable.]
(;B[qc];W[pe];B[od];W[oe];B[nd];W[lc];B[ne];W[of];B[nc])
(;B[od]C[Black 11 is unreasonable. There is no ko threat big enough.];W[qc]))
(;W[pc]C[White 8 is not recommended.];B[qe];W[lc])))
(;W[lc]LB[pc:a][qj:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. There is no reason to immediately play 'b'.]
(;B[pc];W[od];B[ph])
(;B[qj]C[Black 5 is premature.];W[qc];B[rc];W[pd];B[qe]LB[qb:a][pb:b]C[White can play elsewhere or 'a'. If Black 'a', White 'b'.]))
(;W[kc]LB[ic:a][mc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ic];W[qc];B[rc];W[pd];B[qe];W[qb];B[qj])
(;B[mc]LB[mb:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a', or may try 'b'.]
(;W[mb];B[lb];W[lc];B[nb];W[md];B[nc];W[nd];B[od];W[ob];B[ma];W[oa];B[na];W[kb]
;B[pc];W[oe];B[pd])
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[pd]LB[qb:a][qe:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is weak.]
(;B[qb];W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc];W[pe];B[od];W[oe];B[nd])
(;B[qe]C[Black 9 is weak.];W[mb]))))
(;W[qh]C[White plays this way when the right is important.];B[kc]LB[pk:a]C[Black plays 2 or 'a', depending on whole board strategy.])
(;W[dp]LB[kc:a][pc:b]C[White plays elsewhere. Black 'a' and 'b' are possible follow-ups.]
(;B[kc]LB[qc:a][mc:b][ld:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.])
(;B[pc]LB[kc:a][od:b]C[White 'a' is a light move; White could also play elsewhere. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[kc])
(;W[od]C[White 6 is a mistake. White creates a target for attack.];B[ld]))))
(;B[qg]LB[pf:a][kc:b][jc:c]C[The primary objective of Black 3 is to ensure his own safety rather than attack White. If White is thick at the bottom, Black 3 serves to forestall an attack while erasing that thickness. That this is a negative attitude is undeniable.

White's local responses include 'a' through 'c'. Playing elsewhere is also usual, as Black has already played submissively.]
(;W[pf];B[qf];W[qc];B[rc];W[pd]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;B[qe];W[qb])
(;B[qb];W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc];W[rf];B[od];W[pe];B[nc]LB[ob:a]C[Black position is weak as White can aim at extending at 'a'.]))
(;W[kc];B[mc]LB[mb:a][pf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[mb];B[lb];W[lc];B[nb];W[md];B[nc];W[nd];B[od];W[ob];B[ma];W[oa];B[na];W[kb]
;B[pc];W[oe];B[pd])
(;W[pf]LB[qf:a][od:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qf];W[mb]LB[pe:a][lb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is reckless.]
(;B[pe];W[md])
(;B[lb]C[Black 9 won't work.];W[lc];B[nb];W[md];B[nc];W[nd];B[od];W[pd];B[oe];W[pe]))
(;B[od]LB[qf:a][nd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not joseki.]
(;W[qf];B[pc]C[The swap is locally favorable for Black, but given White thickness at right-bottom, White should be okay.])
(;W[nd];B[oe];W[nc];B[pc]LB[md:a][qf:b]C[Black 11 makes nice shape.
White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[md];B[qf])
(;W[qf]C[White 12 is unreasonable.];B[ne];W[md];B[rf];W[re];B[rh]LB[qe:a][og:b]C[If White 'a', Black 'b', and White is in trouble.])))))
(;W[jc];B[lc]LB[pf:a][gc:b][of:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[pf]LB[qf:a][od:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is bad.]
(;B[qf];W[qc];B[rc];W[pd]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[qb];B[le])
(;B[qb];W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc];W[rf];B[od];W[pe];B[nd]))
(;B[od]C[Black 7 is bad.];W[nd];B[oe];W[pc];B[nc];W[ne]LB[mc:a][pd:b]C[White 12 makes miai of 'a' and 'b'. Black is in trouble.]))
(;W[gc];B[pc];W[od];B[pf];W[me];B[le];W[lf];B[ke];W[mg])
(;W[of]C[This reverts to variation 2-1-5-1.];B[me])))
(;B[mc]LB[pe:a][oe:b][md:c][qc:d][dp:e][ne:f][pd:g]C[This is the severest attacking move, emphasizing Black's advantage from playing first in the corner. The feature of the one-space pincer is that it does not permit White to swtich lightly elsewhere. Many top-flight professionals are fond of this move.

White's possible responses are 'a' through 'f'. 'e' (playing elsewhere) and  'f' are not joseki.

White 'g' is sometimes seen in amateur games, and is not joseki.

g7, f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1

outcomes:
a1, b2 - White takes the top
c3 - different outcomes
d4 - White gets the corner or right, depending on Black]
(;W[pe]LB[pd:a][qe:b][qg:c]C[The point of White 4 is to block at 'b' if Black plays elsewhere.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b' in joseki.

Black 'c' is a trick play, the aim to induce White 'b' and use the Black corner stone as a sacrifice in order to squeeze White.]
(;B[pd];W[od];B[oe];W[ne];B[of];W[md]LB[pf:a][ld:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pf];W[lc]LB[nf:a][dp:b]C[Black continues at 'a'. To play elsewhere ('b') invites White to gain influence in the center. 'a' is a junction point for both players.]
(;B[nf]LB[mf:a][dp:b]C[White must continue at 'a'. Black will dominate if White plays elsewhere ('b').]
(;W[mf];B[mg];W[lf];B[lg];W[kf];B[qk])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere, a mistake.];B[me];W[nd];B[le];W[ld];B[ke]))
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere, a mistake.];W[nf]LB[oh:a][ng:b]C[Black continues at 'a'. The hane of Black 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;B[oh];W[ng];B[ph]LB[pi:a][qh:b]C[Black should not play 17 at 'a', as it leaves 'b' for White to aim at.])
(;B[ng]C[Black 15 is unreasonable.];W[og];B[oh];W[pg];B[qf];W[qg]LB[rf:a][pi:b]C[Black may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rf];W[pi])
(;B[pi];W[rf];B[qe];W[rh];B[qi];W[ri]LB[qk:a][qb:b]C[Black is at a loss for continuation. If Black 'a', White takes Black's eye in the corner with 'b' and Black loses the fight. If Black 'b', White 'a'. Black's tactics have not worked out.]))))
(;B[ld];W[le];B[kd];W[ke];B[jd];W[re]C[A tesuji.];B[qb]LB[qe:a][pf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe];B[ob];W[pc];B[qc];W[pb];B[nc];W[nd];B[pa];W[nb];B[oa];W[mb];B[lc];W[nf]
;B[og];W[rc]LB[ra:a][rd:b][lb:c]C[Black continues with the tesuji of 'a'. Black 'b' leads to collapse. 

Black 'c' is disfavorable, but not necessarily disasterous. Still, Black 'c' leaves Black at a loss in gote.]
(;B[ra];W[ng];B[oh];W[qh])
(;B[rd];W[rb];B[sd];W[ra];B[qa];W[se])
(;B[lb];W[ra]LB[qa:a][rb:b]C[Black 'a' is correct. Black 'b' leads to an unecessary ko.]
(;B[qa];W[rb];B[ma];W[rd];B[na])
(;B[rb];W[sb]C[Ko ensues.])))
(;W[pf];B[og];W[pc];B[qc]LB[qh:a][pb:b]C[White continues with 'a', or 'b' to prevent connection. ]
(;W[qh];B[nc];W[nd];B[ob];W[pi])
(;W[pb]C[White prevents connection of the two Black groups. Played properly by Black, White loses points in the corner.];B[qe];W[qf];B[rf];W[rg];B[sf]LB[ph:a][sg:b][se:c]C[White continues with 'a'. Capturing the two Black stones ('b' or 'c') leads to a loss for White, as Black throws in at Black 25.];W[ph];B[rd];W[qi]
))))
(;B[qe];W[pf];B[qg];W[jc];B[me];W[pg];B[qh];W[ph];B[pi];W[qf];B[rf];W[rg];B[rh]
;W[re];B[sg];W[qc];B[rd];W[oi])
(;B[qg]LB[qe:a][me:b][md:c]C[Black 5 is a trick play.

White naturally wants to reply at 'a', which is okay given the proper follow-up.

The light move at 'b' is also feasible. White 'c' is interesting as well.]
(;W[qe]LB[pd:a][re:b]C[Black may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pd];W[od];B[re]LB[rf:a][of:b]C[White 'a' is bad. White has to defend with 'b'.]
(;W[rf];B[rd];W[qf];B[oe];W[of];B[ne];W[qb];B[rg]LB[sf:a][sg:b]C[White 'a' and 'b' are both bad.]
(;W[sf];B[pg];W[pf];B[pc];W[pb];B[ob];W[nb];B[nc];W[oa];B[nd];W[ob];B[ng];W[rc]
;B[nf];W[sd];B[og];W[se];B[sg];W[qc])
(;W[sg];B[pg];W[pf];B[rb];W[qc];B[rc]LB[nb:a][ra:b]C[Neither White 'a' nor 'b' work.]
(;W[nb];B[se];W[sf];B[ra]C[White must find life for the five White stones in the corner.];W[mb]C[Crawling along the second line is terrible.];B[lc];W[lb];B[kc];W[kb];B[jc])
(;W[ra];B[pc];W[pb];B[ob];W[nb];B[oa];W[na];B[nc];W[pa];B[ob];W[oa];B[nd])))
(;W[of];B[rc]C[Black 11 is necessary.];W[ld]C[White gets thick with 12.]))
(;B[re]LB[pd:a][ne:b][md:c][rf:d]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. 

Shusaku played White 'c' when Ota Yuzo played this trick play against him. An exchange results, but the position is not desirable for either player.

White must not hane at 'd'. ]
(;W[pd];B[rd];W[qc];B[rc];W[qb])
(;W[ne];B[rc];W[ld])
(;W[md];B[pd];W[lc];B[oe])
(;W[rf]C[White falls into what is known as the "nineteen point trick move". White's profit is 19 points, but in the process gives Black walls of steel. The dangerous thing about this trick is that White's moves along the way seem natural.];B[rd];W[qf];B[pd];W[od];B[oe];W[of];B[ne];W[qb];B[pc];W[pb];B[ob];W[nb]
;B[nc];W[oa];B[nd];W[ob];B[rg];W[sf];B[pg];W[pf];B[ng];W[rc];B[og];W[qc];B[nf]
;W[sd])))
(;W[me];B[qe];W[jd])
(;W[md];B[ld];W[me];B[nc];W[nd];B[kc];W[qe];B[ob];W[pc])))
(;W[oe]C[The one-space jump of White 4 is the smoothest move and is very common in actual play. White 4 is a good start to a counter attack.];B[pf]LB[ld:a][ph:b]C[Black 5 is the only possible good response by Black. White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'b' is servere.]
(;W[ld]LB[pc:a][md:b]C[Joseki continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is reckless; if the ladder is unfavorable, it does not work at all.]
(;B[pc]LB[pb:a][ob:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.  White 'b' can lead to complications.]
(;W[pb];B[qb];W[pd];B[qc];W[md])
(;W[ob]LB[lc:a][of:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black should only play 'b' if the right is very important, because Black 'b', White 'a', and White is better off locally.]
(;B[lc];W[kd];B[md];W[me]LB[kc:a][nd:b]C[Joseki continues with 'a'.]
(;B[kc];W[jd]LB[ic:a][jc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ic];W[nd];B[ph])
(;B[jc]LB[of:a][id:b]C[White must play 'a', not 'b'. While White 'a' lets Black extend on the fourth line, a minus for White, White's followup extension at 'b' is a considerable minus for Black, so balance is maintained.]
(;W[of]LB[pg:a][id:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pg];W[id];B[hc])
(;B[id];W[pg];B[qg];W[pe];B[qf];W[qe];B[re];W[qh]C[White's superiority on the right is assured, whatever Black does. This variation is a kind of exchange.]))
(;W[id]C[White 16 is a mistake.];B[ne]LB[pe:a][nf:b][nd:c]C[After Black 17, there is no way White can salvage the situation. 

White 'a' is about the best response, resulting in a Black ponnuki toward the center.

White 'b' leaves cutting points, so is hopeless.

White 'c' looks more promising than it is. Black gets great outside influence.
]
(;W[pe];B[qe];W[of];B[mf]LB[pg:a][le:b]C[White 'a' gives Black a center-facing ponnuki (in sente). White 'b' and White lives in the corner in sente, but mistakes in the order of moves can yield frightening results. Neither result is favorable for White.]
(;W[pg];B[qf];W[og];B[le])
(;W[le];B[od];W[pd];B[nd];W[qc];B[og];W[pb];B[nf];W[pc];B[pg]))
(;W[nf];B[nd]LB[od:a][of:b]C[White has cutting points at 'a' and 'b'.])
(;W[nd];B[nf];W[of];B[og];W[ng];B[mf];W[pg];B[oh];W[pe];B[qf];W[qe];B[re]C[Black has defects but White is short of liberties.];W[rf]
;B[qg];W[rd];B[od];W[se];B[pd];W[re];B[ph]LB[pb:a]C[Black gets overwhelming outside influence.

White can play atari at 'a' to squeeze Black to get life in the corner, but this is small compensation for White.]))))
(;B[nd]C[This is not described in the joseki books. Variations are possible, even likely.];W[od];B[ne];W[of];B[nf];W[pg];B[qg];W[ng];B[mf];W[qe];B[ph];W[og];B[re]
;W[pd];B[qc];W[rf];B[qf];W[pe];B[sd];W[qh];B[rg];W[rh];B[sf];W[pi]))
(;B[of];W[lc]C[It is regrettable for Black to let White settle his stones with White 10, so this variation is only playable if Black 9 works extremely well on the right side.])))
(;B[md];W[me];B[le]LB[lc:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a' if the ladder to catch Black 9 is favorable, or with 'b' if the ladder is unfavorable.]
(;W[lc]LB[ne:a][lb:b]C[Black may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ne];W[mf];B[nd];W[nf];B[od];W[mb];B[pc];W[ke])
(;B[lb];W[mb];B[nb];W[nc];B[ma];W[nd];B[mb];W[jc]C[Black must crawl along the second line to live, but this is like trying to lose.]))
(;W[of];B[pg];W[lc])))
(;W[ph];B[of];W[md];B[lc];W[nf]LB[ng:a][oh:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ng]LB[mf:a][og:b]C[White continues with 'a' or the very tough 'b'. White 'b' was introduced by Fujisawa Shuko in the 1971 Meijin Title against Rin Kaiho.]
(;W[mf]C[White 6 shows the severity of modern Go. When playing like this, it is desirable to have White stones in the top left corner.];B[oh]LB[pj:a][ic:b]C[White could continue with 'a' or 'b', depending on the side with support (the right for 'a', the top for 'b').]
(;W[pj];B[pc];W[nc];B[ic])
(;W[ic]))
(;W[og]LB[pe:a][pg:b]C[Black 'a' was played originally (1971 Meijin Title: Fujisawa Shuko vs. Rin Kaiho). Subsequent research revealed Black 'b' is better.]
(;B[pe];W[mf];B[nh];W[pj];B[pc];W[od];B[jd];W[lg])
(;B[pg];W[oh];B[ne];W[mf];B[nd];W[qc];B[od];W[rd];B[pd];W[mh]LB[pc:a][re:b]C[The sequence ends. Later, Black may play 'a', or possibly 'b'.]
(;B[pc];W[rb];B[qb];W[rc];B[pb];W[rf];B[rg];W[qh];B[qg];W[qe];B[pe];W[ra])
(;B[re];W[pc]))))
(;B[oh]LB[pe:a][pj:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pe];B[qe];W[og];B[ng];W[pg];B[qf];W[mf];B[pi];W[nh];B[oi];W[mg];B[qh];W[ic]
)
(;W[pj];B[ng];W[mf];B[pc];W[nc];B[ic]))))
(;W[md];B[ld]LB[nd:a][me:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nd]LB[qg:a][kc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b', though Black should only play 'b' with a favorable ladder off 'a'.]
(;B[qg];W[lc];B[kc];W[lb]LB[kd:a][kb:b]C[Black connects at 'a'. Black 'b' leaves a cutting point (at 'a'), which Black must take care of in gote.];B[kd]LB[mb:a][kb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is disadvantageous.]
(;W[mb])
(;W[kb]C[White 12 is a mistake, even with a favorable ladder.];B[jb];W[jc];B[ib]C[Black 15 assuming the ladder does not work.];W[mb];B[id]C[Even though Black has ended in gote, Black is solid. White should not play this way.]))
(;B[kc]LB[pf:a][pg:b][qf:c][qe:d][qg:e]C[White continues with 'a' to 'd'. White must have the ladder to play 'a'.

White 'e' is not recommended.]
(;W[pf]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.];B[qf];W[qg];B[pg];W[qe];B[rf];W[of]LB[re:a][qh:b]C[Black 'a' is joseki. Black 'b' invites a loss in the corner.]
(;B[re];W[ph];B[qb];W[og])
(;B[qh]C[Black 15 gives the corner away.];W[re];B[rg];W[pd]))
(;W[pg]LB[pc:a][pe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pc];W[pb];B[qb];W[pd];B[qc];W[pe];B[rf];W[qh])
(;B[pe];W[nf];B[pc];W[ob];B[pb];W[lf]))
(;W[qf];B[pf]LB[pg:a][qe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[pg];B[pe]LB[og:a][mf:b]C[White continues with 'a' (gote), or 'b' to have sente.]
(;W[og];B[qg];W[qh];B[rg];W[rh];B[rf];W[mf])
(;W[mf];B[qg];W[qh];B[rg];W[ph];B[rf]))
(;W[qe]C[White 10 is unreasonable.];B[pe];W[pd];B[qc]C[It would be hard to kill the two Black stones in the corner. If White attempts it, Black will sacrifice them to gain outside thickness. In any event, Black has an easy fight.]))
(;W[qe]LB[re:a][pd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is vulgar.]
(;B[re];W[pd];B[qf];W[pe];B[qc]LB[rd:a][rf:b]C[White cuts at 'a' if the ladder to capture 11 is favorable, 'b' if the ladder is unfavorable.]
(;W[rd]C[White plays 14 when the ladder to capture Black 11 is favorable.];B[rc];W[rf];B[sd];W[qg])
(;W[rf]C[White plays 14 when the ladder is unfavorable.];B[rg];W[rd];B[sf];W[rc]C[White captures the two Black stones in the corner.]))
(;B[pd]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[pe]LB[od:a][re:b]C[Black 'a' is better than 'b'.]
(;B[od];W[oe];B[nc];W[rd]LB[pb:a][pc:b][ob:c]C[Black 'a' is best, Black 'b' and 'c' inferior.]
(;B[pb];W[qc];B[pc];W[qb];B[ob];W[qj])
(;B[pc];W[pb])
(;B[ob];W[qc]))
(;B[re];W[rf];B[oe];W[od];B[rd];W[pg])))
(;W[qg]C[White 8 is not recommended, as White is split.];B[pf];W[pg];B[of];W[qf];B[qe];W[mf];B[og])))
(;W[me]C[Attaching and extending is more positive than attaching and drawing back.];B[nc]LB[od:a][pe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White should have the ladder to play 'b'.]
(;W[od]LB[pf:a][qf:b][nd:c]C[White builds influence and aims at attacking Black on both sides.

Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. 

Black 'c' is direct and forceful. Black sacrifices the corner. Black must be confident in the fight that follows.]
(;B[pf];W[of];B[pg];W[jd];B[le];W[lf];B[ke];W[qc];B[rc];W[rd];B[qb]LB[ob:a][pc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]

(;W[ob];B[qe];W[lc];B[kc];W[lb];B[jc];W[mb];B[id])
(;W[pc]C[White 20 is a mistake.];B[re];W[rb];B[sd]C[White cannot make two eyes, as the following sequence shows.];W[sb]C[White cannot make two eyes.];B[ra];W[pb];B[qa]))
(;B[qf];W[pe];B[ic]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]LB[qe:a][pg:b][qh:c]
(;W[qe];B[re];W[rd]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rc:a][rf:b]
(;B[rc];W[rf];B[sd];W[qg];B[qb];W[pf])
(;B[rf];W[qc];B[qj]))
(;W[pg];B[qh];W[qe];B[re];W[rd];B[rf];W[qc])
(;W[qh];B[qe];W[oh];B[qb]))
(;B[nd]C[Black 9 is a fighting move.];W[ne];B[oe];W[pe];B[of];W[pd];B[kc];W[mg];B[oh];W[qe];B[kf];W[ng];B[og]
;W[mi];B[oj]))
(;W[pe]LB[ob:a][qe:b]C[White 8 is somewhat a trick play. This move was researched and used in games around 1910.

Black continues with the simple 'a', or 'b' to risk a fight.]
(;B[ob];W[pc];B[pb];W[qc])
(;B[qe];W[pf]LB[qf:a][qg:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black must not jump to 'b', as he cannot afford the cut.

White must have the ladder to succeed.
]
(;B[qf]LB[pg:a][nd:b]C[White can play at 'a', but 'b' is preferable.]
(;W[pg];B[qh])
(;W[nd]LB[kc:a][pd:b]C[Black 'a' leads to fighting. Black 'b' sacrifices the two black stones (3 & 7) for the right.]
(;B[kc];W[qh]LB[qc:a][qg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qc];W[pb];B[qg]C[The push and cut by Black are unwise.];W[pg];B[ph];W[qi];B[oh];W[le])
(;B[qg];W[pg]LB[qi:a][rh:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is cowardly.]
(;B[qi];W[rh];B[ph]LB[pd:a][oh:b]C[Black has 'a' and 'b' available, so the fight should be favorable if missteps are avoided.])
(;B[rh]C[Black crawls along "the line of defeat".];W[qi];B[ri];W[qj])))
(;B[pd];W[od];B[pg];W[lc];B[pb];W[ob])))
(;B[qg]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[ob]LB[kc:a][qb:b]C[Neither Black 'a' nor 'b' work if White has the ladder.

White captures Black 3,7 if Black 'b'.]
(;B[kc];W[qf]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.];B[rf];W[re]LB[rg:a][rd:b]C[Black 'a' is a mistake. White needs a ladder if Black 'b'.]
(;B[rg];W[rd];B[qc];W[rc];B[rb];W[qb];B[pb];W[qa];B[ra];W[pc];B[pa];W[qb];B[qa]
;W[pd])
(;B[rd];W[rg];B[se];W[qh]))
(;B[qb];W[lc];B[kc];W[lb];B[kb];W[mb]))))))
(;W[qc]C[The aim of White's 3-3 contact play is to settle the situation quickly.];B[rc]LB[pd:a][rb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' gives Black excellent thickness.]
(;W[pd]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[qb];B[pg]LB[rb:a][dp:b]C[White continues with 'a'. Playing elsewhere ('b') is not recommended, as White is threatened and Black strengthened in sente.]
(;W[rb];B[qk])
(;W[dp]C[White 10, playing elsewhere, is a mistake.];B[rb];W[md];B[ld];W[nd];B[kc];W[pe];B[pf];W[nf]))
(;B[qb];W[qe];B[pc]LB[rd:a][pb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is hopeful, and a mistake.]
(;W[rd]LB[qc:a][od:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;B[qc];W[oe];B[nd];W[od];B[ob])
(;B[od]C[Black cuts, but cannot fight the ko. Black 11 is a mistake.];W[qc];B[pb];W[pe]LB[oe:a][nd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oe];W[of];B[me];W[qi])
(;B[nd];W[qi])))
(;W[pb]LB[pe:a][qc:b]C[White 10 is a mistake. Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is what White hopes for.]
(;B[pe];W[qc];B[rd]LB[md:a][od:b][oe:c]C[White 'a' is the best move available. White 'b' is not as good, and White 'c' bad.]
(;W[md];B[oe];W[lc];B[od];W[nc];B[pc])
(;W[od];B[qf])
(;W[oe]C[No good will come for White from White 14.];B[pf];W[qf];B[pc];W[od];B[qg];W[pg];B[of]))
(;B[qc]C[Black 11 is a mistake, exactly what White wants.];W[oe];B[re];W[qf]))))
(;W[rb];B[pc];W[qb];B[pd];W[pb];B[od];W[nc];B[nd]))
(;W[dp]LB[od:a][pc:b]C[White plays elsewhere. To do so without a favorable ladder is to invite a loss.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[od]LB[pd:a][pc:b][cq:c]C[White plays 'a' if the ladder is favorable. If the ladder is not favorable, White must play 'b', proving that White should not play elsewhere if the ladder is unfavorable.

'c' show Black's follow-up if White again plays elsewhere.]
(;W[pd]LB[pe:a][pc:b]C[White must have the ladder to play White 6, in which case Black plays 'a'. Black plays 'b' if the ladder is favorable.]
(;B[pe];W[pc];B[nd];W[qc];B[re]LB[rc:a][rd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is sente, but risky.]
(;W[rc]C[White plays 12 to ensure life in the corner.])
(;W[rd]C[White 12 is not recommended.];B[qe];W[cq]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[rc];W[rb];B[sd];W[sb];B[pa]C[Black 19 is a tesuji.];W[nb];B[mb];W[oa]LB[nc:a][ma:b][oe:c]C[Black can now play 'a' and 'b' in sente. The value of the cutting point at 'c' has disappeared.]
))
(;B[pc]C[Black only plays 7 if the ladder is favorable.];W[pe];B[qc]))
(;W[pc];B[pd]LB[qc:a][nc:b]C[White continues wtih 'a'. White 'b' only makes the loss greater.]
(;W[qc];B[nc];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qf])
(;W[nc]C[White 8 is a mistake.];B[nd];W[mb];B[lc];W[lb];B[kc];W[qc]))
(;W[cq]C[White plays elsewhere again.];B[nc]LB[pc:a][qc:b]C[White 'a' is answered by Black 'b'.]))
(;B[pc];W[od];B[pf];AE[md][ne]W[ne];B[ph];W[ld];B[jc]LB[ic:a]C[Black trying to put Black 3 into play is greedy. Black 11 or 'a' is recommended.];W[lc]))
(;W[ne]LB[pf:a][od:b]C[White 4 appeared in the late 1920's, but the move is odd, hardly joseki. Black continues 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pf]LB[ld:a][qc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[ld];B[pc];W[od];B[ph])
(;W[qc]LB[pd:a][rc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is weak.]
(;B[pd];W[pc];B[od]LB[nd:a][nc:b][pj:c]C[If White 'a' and Black 'b', White has to go back and make the corner alive. Consequently, White will leave things as they are and play 'c' to erase Black's thickness, but it is enough for Black to push through at 'a'.])
(;B[rc]C[Black 'b' is submissive.];W[pd];B[qe];W[ld])))
(;B[od];W[nd];B[nc];W[pd];B[oe];W[pe];B[of];W[pc];B[pf];W[qe];B[qf]LB[mf:a][re:b]C[If Black plays 'a' instead of 15, White turns at 15, increasing his territory, and this result is not necessarily favorable for Black. If White 'b' in answer to Black 11, then Black 'a' is alright.]
;W[lf];B[re];W[rd];B[rf];W[rc];B[kd];W[nf];B[qj]C[Black 21 and 23 apply pressure on both sides to White's floating stones. With 23 Black gets territory equal to White's corner and can torment White's center stones for more profit.]))
(;W[pd]C[White 4 is not joseki.];B[qc]LB[qe:a]C[Black must resolutely play 5. Black 'a' is spiritless (see variation 2-1-8-3).];W[qe];B[pe]LB[re:a][oe:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'. Neither work.]
(;W[re];B[ob]C[After Black 9, there is nothing White can do to cause a favorable result.];W[nb];B[pb];W[nc];B[rd];W[rb];B[qb];W[ra];B[oa];W[sc];B[sd]LB[qa:a][rc:b]C[White's corner stones die. Neither 'a' nor 'b' works for White.]

(;W[qa];B[sb])
(;W[rc];B[qa]))
(;W[oe];B[pf];W[qf];B[qg];W[rg];B[pg];W[rd];B[rc];W[re];B[pc];W[od];B[ob];W[nb]
;B[pb];W[nc];B[rh];W[sd];B[sg];W[sc];B[rb];W[sb];B[qa];W[oa];B[rf])))
(;B[lc]LB[of:a][pe:b][qc:c][qg:d][nd:e][me:f][ld:g][dp:h][oe:i]C[The low two-space pincer used to be the most popular. With modern Go emphasis on influence, the two-space high pincer has replaced it.

Possible White reponses range from 'a' to 'g', including playing elsewhere (h8). White must have the ladder to play 'd' or play elsewhere (h8).

Note, in contrast to the one-space pincer, the one-space jump (shown at i9) is not joseki.

i9, h8, g7, f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1

outcomes:
a1 - White pincer at top; White gets out
b2, c3 - different outcomes
d4 - White takes the right
e5 - White gets out, takes part of the corner
f6 - White takes the right
g7 - initial loss, generally White takes the right]
(;W[of];B[qg];W[ic];B[me]LB[qc:a][pd:b]C[Black 7 is a vital point.

White continues with 'a' or 'b'. Many continuations are the same as with the two-space high pincer; consult those variations (2-1-8).])
(;W[pe]LB[qe:a][pd:b]C[The White pressing move was popular in Edo period (1600-1867) games. White aims to build influence then attack with a pincer of his own. The idea is the same as the two-space jump, but more forceful.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. 'b' leads to a difficult joseki.]
(;B[qe];W[pf];B[qg];W[jc];B[le]LB[pg:a][je:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pg];B[qh];W[ph];B[pi];W[oi]LB[pj:a][oj:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pj];W[qf];B[rf];W[rg]LB[re:a][rh:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[re];W[je];B[lg];W[nh])
(;B[rh];W[re];B[sg];W[qc];B[rd]))
(;B[oj];W[qf];B[rf];W[re];B[rg];W[qc]LB[rd:a][ni:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rd];W[pj];B[qi];W[ni];B[je])
(;B[ni];W[rd];B[oh])))
(;W[je]LB[ne:a][lg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' (joseki). Black 'b' allows White good shape. ]
(;B[ne]LB[qf:a][pd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White gets sealed in if he plays 'b'.]
(;W[qf];B[rf];W[pg]LB[pd:a][qh:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pd];W[od];B[oe];W[rg];B[re];W[qh])
(;B[qh];W[pd];B[qc]C[Black 17 is a strategic point.];W[md]))
(;W[pd]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[pg];W[qf];B[rf];W[qc];B[og];W[rc]))
(;B[lg]C[Black 11 is slack.];W[nf])))
(;B[pd];W[od];B[oe]LB[pf:a][qe:b]C[Neither side can afford a mistake. White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pf]LB[of:a][ne:b]C[White 8 is the only move.

Black continues with 'a', not 'b'.]
(;B[of]C[Black 9 is the only move.];W[pg];B[og]LB[re:a][ph:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[re]LB[rd:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rd]LB[pc:a][qb:b]C[White continues at 'a'. White 'b' is slack.]
(;W[pc]LB[qc:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qc];W[qb];B[rb];W[pa];B[rf];W[qe];B[se];W[ph];B[nd];W[sc];B[sd];W[ra];B[sb]
;W[nc];B[mc];W[rg];B[nb];W[ob];B[na];W[oa];B[lb];W[ne];B[md];W[qf];B[mf];W[sf]
;B[rc]C[The result in the corner is a seki. The result overall is slightly favorable to White.])
(;B[qb]C[Black 15 is a mistake.];W[qc];B[rc];W[rb];B[sb];W[ra];B[qa];W[sd]C[White wins by throwing in at White 18 after Black captures.]))
(;W[qb]C[White 14 is a mistake. Black discards the corner for superior thickness.];B[ph];W[rf];B[rb];W[qc];B[rc];W[ra];B[md]LB[pc:a][qh:b]C[White must play 'a', not another move (such as 'b').]
(;W[pc];B[oi])
(;W[qh]C[White 22 is a mistake.];B[pc];W[pb];B[ob];W[nb];B[oa];W[na];B[nc];W[pa];B[ob];W[oa];B[nd];W[ob]
;B[mb])))
(;B[pc];W[md];B[ph];W[qh];B[qi];W[rd];B[ob];W[mc];B[qb];W[rh];B[ri];W[rg];B[rc]
;W[nb];B[oa];W[sb]LB[oh:a][sc:b]C[A tesuji by White, ensuring life for the group on the right side. Joseki continues with Black 'a'. Black 'b' doesn't work as a life threat against the White group.]
(;B[oh]C[Black does not need to answer, so reinforces at Black 29.])
(;B[sc];W[mf];B[oh];W[jc];B[sh];W[qe];B[sd];W[se];B[rb];W[sg])))
(;W[ph]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[nd];W[nc];B[mc];W[qb];B[rb];W[ne];B[md];W[oh];B[mf];W[ra]C[White sets up a ko he cannot win.];B[pb]
;W[pc];B[qc];W[pa];B[qa];W[ng];B[nf];W[qb];B[ob];W[nb];B[qa]))
(;B[ne]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[pb];B[rf];W[md]LB[nd:a][mc:b]C[If Black 'a', White gives way with 'b'. Black has a difficult fight ahead.]))
(;W[qe]C[White 8 is unreasonable.];B[re]LB[rf:a][rd:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'. Neither work.]
(;W[rf];B[rd])
(;W[rd]C[White 10 was played by Kitani Minoru (White) against Mukai Kazuo (Black) in April 1924.];B[rc];W[qc];B[sd];W[pc];B[rd];W[pg];B[ne];W[qg];B[rb];W[md];B[me];W[ld]
;B[nd];W[mc];B[nc];W[nb];B[ob]LB[lb:a][pb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is less favorable.]
(;W[lb];B[na];W[mb];B[pb])
(;W[pb];B[mb];W[oa]LB[kd:a][kb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' if the ladder is favorable, 'b' if not.]
(;B[kd]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way.])
(;B[kb];W[le];B[mg];W[qa];B[jc]C[Black lets White live in the corner.];W[qb];B[rg]C[Black 37 to ensure life.

White has two floating groups to look after in the fighting ahead.]))))))
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[pd]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[qb];B[pg]LB[rb:a][qk:b][nd:c][dp:d]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. If Black 'a', White 'c' to make shape.

Playing elsewhere ('d'), gives Black an opportunity.]
(;W[rb])
(;W[qk];B[rb];W[nd])
(;W[dp]LB[nd:a][rb:b]C[White plays elsewhere. 'a' and 'b' are miai.]
(;B[nd]C[Black emphasizes the center.];W[pe];B[pf];W[rb]LB[oe:a][mf:b]C[If White 'a', Black 'b'.])
(;B[rb];W[nd])))
(;B[qb]LB[qe:a][pe:b]C[Black 7 is possible but drawing back at 'a' (variation 1) is more common with the low two-space pincer.

White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe];B[pc];W[rd]LB[qc:a][od:b]C[Joseki continues with Black 'a'. Black 'b' is less favorable.]
(;B[qc];W[oe]LB[ob:a][nc:b][nb:c]C[Black will leave the corner. Playing Black 'a', White 'b', Black 'c' is too low ("the second line is the line of defeat").])
(;B[od];W[qc];B[pb];W[pe];B[nc];W[oe];B[nd];W[qi]LB[rb:a]C[White also has the cut at 'a' to look forward to.]))
(;W[pe]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.];B[pc];W[pb];B[qc];W[qf];B[ic];W[nd])))
(;W[qg]LB[pe:a][od:b]C[White must have the ladder to play this way. Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pe];W[qj]LB[nd:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd]LB[qb:a][dp:b]C[Although the White stone is sealed in, it is not yet dead because White can play 'a'. The ensuing sequence will make Black thick, however, so timing is important. 

Variation 2 ('b') show White playing elsewhere.]
(;W[qb]LB[nc:a][rb:b][rc:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'c' is a mistake.]
(;B[nc]LB[rc:a][ob:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[rc];B[ob];W[re])
(;W[ob];B[rc];W[rb];B[sb];W[od];B[oe];W[nb];B[mb];W[qc];B[re];W[pa]))
(;B[rb];W[rc]LB[pb:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pb];W[ra];B[sb];W[sc];B[pc];W[re])
(;B[qc]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[ra];B[sb];W[sc];B[pb];W[sa];B[pc];W[rf]))
(;B[rc]C[Black 9 is a mistake. Black cannot capture White.];W[mb];B[lb];W[od];B[oe];W[rb];B[sb];W[qc];B[re];W[nc];B[mc];W[ma]))
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[rd]LB[pc:a][re:b]C[Black 9 is quite big. 'a' instead of 1 is solid but Black becomes over concentrated. Black 1 at 'b' has been seen.]))
(;B[pc]C[Black 7 it territory oriented.];W[pb];B[qb];W[of]LB[rc:a]C[White 10 works on a moyo. White 8 was a throw away, leaving 'a' as a peep.];B[nd]))
(;B[od]LB[pd:a][qj:b]C[White 'a' is joseki. White 'b' is disadvantageous.]
(;W[pd]LB[pe:a][pc:b]C[White must have the ladder. If so, Black plays 'a'. If White does not have the ladder, Black plays 'b'.]
(;B[pe];W[pc]LB[re:a][oe:b][qc:c]C[Black 'a' is tesuji (and joseki). Black 'b' and 'c' result in a loss.]
(;B[re]LB[mc:a][nd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[mc]LB[ld:a][nd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ld]LB[me:a][oe:b]C[White 'b' is joseki. White 'b' leads to difficulty.]
(;W[me]LB[qc:a][oe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' to establish a base. Black 'b' is heavy.]
(;B[qc];W[oe];B[of];W[nd];B[pf])
(;B[oe]C[Black 13 is heavy.];W[md]))
(;W[oe];B[nd];W[md];B[ne];W[me];B[of]
(;W[mf];B[id])
(;W[jd];B[mf]C[Black discards the two stones.])))
(;B[nd]C[Black plays 11 if the ladder favors him.];W[md];B[nc];W[nb];B[ob];W[lb];B[pb];W[mf]))
(;W[nd]C[White 10 is a fighting move.];B[oe];W[ne];B[nf];W[ld];B[kd];W[le];B[mc];W[nc];B[qb];W[id]))
(;B[oe]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[qe])
(;B[qc]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[qe]))
(;B[pc]C[Black plays 7 if the ladder is not favorable to White. White is in serious trouble if White does not have the ladder.];W[pe];B[qc]LB[nd:a]C[White plays 'a' if the ladder is favorable, in which case Black has made a mistake.];W[nd];B[ob]C[Black must play 11 if the ladder works for White, though the result favors white.];W[nc];B[nb]))
(;W[qj];B[pc])))
(;W[nd]LB[pf:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pf];W[qb];B[qj];W[dp]LB[me:a]C[White plays elsewhere.

Black may continue at 'a' to press White and build a moyo. The drawback is the at stones on the right becomes weakened.];B[me];W[ne];B[mf];W[nf];B[mg])
(;B[pc];W[pb];B[qb];W[pd];B[qc];W[pe];B[qf]))
(;W[me]LB[od:a][le:b][nd:c][pe:d]C[The gap at 'c' is intentional. Black playing there (variation 'c') is just what White wants.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.

Black 'c' and 'd' are not recommended.

d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;B[od]LB[mc:a][nd:b]C[White 'a' is joseki. White 'b' gives bad shape.]
(;W[mc]LB[pc:a][ld:b]C[Joseki continues with Black 'a'. Black 'b' is a potential mistake.]
(;B[pc];W[ld]LB[nc:a][kc:b]C[As for continuation, Black 'a' is recommended. Black cannot easily move out with 'b'.]
(;B[nc])
(;B[kc];W[id]))
(;B[ld]LB[pd:a][md:b]C[White continues with 'a' . White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pd];B[pe];W[pc];B[oe];W[md];B[qc];W[jd];B[ke];W[mg])
(;W[md];B[pc];W[jd];B[ke]C[White's stones are weak all over.])))
(;W[nd]C[White 6 is a mistake.];B[oe];W[pc];B[qc]CR[ne]LB[ld:a][nc:b]C[White 4 should be at the red dot.

Black now has an effective move at 'a', aiming at the cut at 'b'. White lacks a good continuation.]))
(;B[le];W[lf];B[ke];W[md];B[qg];W[ld];B[kd];W[kc];B[jc];W[kb];B[jb];W[lb];B[id]
)
(;B[nd]C[This is not joseki.];W[pe]LB[qe:a][ne:b][od:c]C[Black 'a' is better than 'b'. Black 'c' is foolishly suicidal.]
(;B[qe];W[pf];B[qg];W[ne])
(;B[ne];W[pd];B[qe];W[qf];B[qc];W[pf])
(;B[od];W[pd];B[pc];W[nc];B[md];W[qc];B[pb];W[qb]))
(;B[pe]C[Black 5 is slow.];W[mc];B[ld];W[md];B[hc];W[qb]))
(;W[ld]LB[kd:a][mc:b][md:c]C[Black continues with 'a' if the top is favored, and yields a good result. Black 'b' is balanced. Black 'c' is also possible; Black should have the ladder to play 'c'.]
(;B[kd]C[White 4 is peculiar to the 2-space low pincer. As it has the drawback of an initial loss, it is seldom played.];W[mc];B[kc]LB[pf:a][pg:b][qg:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White must have the ladder to play 'a'. White 'c' is an overplay.]
(;W[pf]LB[qf:a][pe:b][pc:c][od:d]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. Black 'd' is bad style.]
(;B[qf];W[qg];B[pg];W[qe];B[rf];W[of];B[re];W[ph]C[White must have the ladder to play 16.];B[pb];W[og])
(;B[pe];W[oe];B[qf]LB[pd:a][pg:b]C[White continues with 'a', not 'b'.]
(;W[pd];B[qe];W[qc];B[rc];W[rb];B[pg];W[of]LB[rd:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is an overplay.]
(;B[rd])
(;B[qb]C[Black 19 is an overplay.];W[pc];B[sb];W[qg];B[qh];W[rg];B[ra];W[qi]C[White 8 is a tesuji.];B[og];W[rh]))
(;W[pg]C[White 12 gives Black territory and White influence that is negated by the three Black stones on the side.];B[qg];W[ph];B[qh];W[pi];B[qj]))
(;B[pc];AE[od][pa]W[oe];B[rf];W[qg];B[rg];W[qi])
(;B[od]C[Black 9 approaches an enemy concentration needlessly.];W[pc];B[pd];W[nd]LB[le:a][qc:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai; either gives White good shape.]))
(;W[pg];B[pe];W[me];B[pc];W[ng]LB[rg:a]C[A followup Black move at 'a' is big.])
(;W[qg];B[pf]LB[qc:a][pg:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' splits White into two groups while Black solidifies.]
(;W[qc]LB[qf:a][rc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[qf];W[pd];B[re];W[rd];B[sd];W[qe];B[rg])
(;B[rc]C[Black 11 is not recommended.];W[pd];B[qe];W[pg];B[of];W[le]LB[qb:a]C[If Black plays 'a', White fights the ko.]))
(;W[pg];B[of]LB[le:a][qf:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[le];B[pc];W[od];B[qf])
(;W[qf];B[od];W[pc];B[pd];W[md];B[qc];W[lf];B[og]))))
(;B[mc];W[oe]LB[pf:a][kd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is playable only if it works well with the top-left, as the top-right corner and right side suffers.]
(;B[pf];W[kd])
(;B[kd];W[qf]))
(;B[md]C[Black 5 leads to the same variations as the high one-space pincer. Refer to 2-1-7-4-2.];W[mc];B[nc];W[mb];B[me];W[nd];B[ne];W[nb];B[pe];W[kd];B[qj]))
(;W[dp]LB[od:a][pc:b]C[White plays elsewhere. White must have the ladder to play this way. Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[od]LB[pd:a][nd:b][pc:c]C[White continues with 'a' if the ladder is favorable, or 'b' if not. White 'c', avoiding the ladder, gives black magnificant thickness.]
(;W[pd];B[pe];W[pc];B[nd];W[qc];B[re]LB[rb:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is the older form of this joseki, and can lead to less favorable results.]
(;W[rb])
(;W[nc]LB[mc:a][md:b][rc:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. The difference between 'a' and 'b' is the possibility of cutting points.]
(;B[mc];W[rc])
(;B[md];W[rd]C[White 14 lets White live in sente. Since he cannot cut (because of Black 13), making Black solid outside with White 14 does not matter.];B[qe])
(;B[rc]C[Black 14 forces White low.];W[mc];B[md];W[lb];B[kc];W[kb];B[jc])))
(;W[nd];B[nc]LB[mc:a][pd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a vulgar mistake.]
(;W[mc];B[nb];W[pd];B[oe];W[pe];B[pc];W[of]LB[ne:a][ob:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ne];W[qc];B[ob];W[qe];B[pf];W[rd];B[pg];W[rg])
(;B[ob];W[ne];B[oc];W[nf];B[pf];W[pg];B[qf];W[qg];B[rf]))
(;W[pd]C[White 8 is a mistake.];B[oe];W[pc];B[pe];W[nb];B[mc]LB[qc:a][qe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[qc];B[re];W[rd];B[qe])
(;W[qe]C[White 14 doesn't work.];B[qc])))
(;W[pc];B[pd];W[mc];B[md];W[nc];B[ld];W[qc];B[rd];W[rc];B[qj]))
(;B[pc];W[od];B[pf]LB[me:a][le:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is less favorable.]
(;W[me];B[le];W[lf];B[ke];W[md]LB[ph:a][ic:b]C[Black continues with 'a', or if the ladder is favorable off 'a', Black may continue with 'b'.]
(;B[ph];W[ld];B[kd];W[kc];B[jc];W[kb];B[jb];W[lb];B[kf])
(;B[ic]C[Black must have the ladder off Black 7 to play this way.];W[qe]LB[pe:a][qf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' only with a favorable ladder, otherwise Black must play 'b'.]
(;B[pe]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way.];W[pd]LB[qc:a][qf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qc];W[qf];B[pg];W[qg];B[qh];W[rh];B[ri]LB[qi:a][ph:b]C[White 'a' and Black captures the three White stones on the right. White 'b' is a disaster for Black if Black does not have the ladder.]
(;W[qi];B[ph];W[rj];B[rg];W[si];B[re])
(;W[ph];B[qi];W[og];B[oh];W[pi];B[of];W[ng];B[nf];W[mf];B[nh];W[mg];B[pj]))
(;B[qf]C[Black 17 is a mistake.];W[qc]))
(;B[qf];W[pe];B[re];W[rf];B[rd];W[of];B[rg];W[pg];B[qg];W[ph])))
(;W[le]LB[qe:a]C[White cannot aim at 'a' by playing the capping play of White 8.];B[jd];W[qe]C[White 10 does not work. The sequence that follows shows why.];B[pe];W[pd];B[qc];W[qf];B[ne]C[Black 15 is sente, so Black can continue with ni-dan bane (2 step hane).];W[md]C[White must play 16 to stay connected.];B[qg]
;W[rg];B[rh])))
(;W[oe]C[White 4 is not joseki with the two-space low pincer.];B[pf];W[ic];B[le];W[of]C[White is pushing Black from behind, which is hopeless.];B[pg]))
(;B[kc]LB[qc:a][pd:b][pe:c][of:d][pf:e][qg:f][ic:g][dp:h]C[Black 1 is a pincer play said to have been developed by the 4th Honinbo Dosaku (1645-1702). This move maintains overall balance while attacking the White kakari stone. It is often used when there is a White stone on the top-left star-point.

White's responses range from 'a' to g', and include playing elsewhere (h8).

White may need the ladder to play some variations 'c'.

h8, g7, f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1

outcomes:
a1, b2, d4 - Black choice
c3 - White choice
e5 - Taisha
f6 - Black top, White right
g7 - White far top, right; Black corner, near right
h8 - White top]
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[pd]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[qb]LB[pg:a][qh:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pg])
(;B[qh];W[pe];B[pf];W[of];B[pg]))
(;B[qb];W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc];W[oe];B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[nb]LB[ob:a]C[White 14 is better than White 'a'. This forces Black to capture White 10.];B[re];W[rf];B[sd]
;W[qf]))
(;W[pd]LB[qe:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.

a1 - Black right, White corner
b2 - Black top, White big corner]
(;B[qe];W[qc];B[rc];W[qb];B[pg])
(;B[qc];W[qe]LB[pe:a][re:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pe];W[re];B[oe];W[pc];B[qb];W[rd];B[nc];W[nb];B[mc];W[pb]C[The two-space high pincer also has this variation; refer to that joseki.])
(;B[re]C[Black 7 is weak.];W[rf];B[qf];W[pe]LB[rg:a][rd:b]C[Black must play 'a'. Black 'b' is unreasonable regardless of the ladder.]
(;B[rg];W[rd];B[sf];W[rc])
(;B[rd]C[Black 11 is unreasonable.];W[rg]C[Black must play to live in the corner, allowing White to capture Black 9 and gaining great position.]))))
(;W[pe]LB[qe:a][pd:b][qj:c]C[White may need the ladder to play this way.

Black continues with 'a'. 

Black 'b' is not recommended unless cirucumstances favor it, the variation shown in 'c'.]
(;B[qe]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pf:a][qc:b]
(;W[pf];B[qg];W[ic];B[ke];W[qc]LB[pg:a][rc:b]C[White must have the ladder to play 1.

Black continues at 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pg];W[pd];B[ng];W[qf];B[rf];W[rc])
(;B[rc]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[qf];B[rf];W[rg];B[re];W[qh]))
(;W[qc]LB[rc:a][pf:b][pd:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'c' is a mistake.]
(;B[rc];W[pf];B[pd];W[od];B[pc];W[nf];B[hc])
(;B[pf]LB[pd:a][pc:b]C[White continues at 'a'. White 'b' is safe and weak.]
(;W[pd]LB[qg:a][rc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' leads to a fight Black may not like.]
(;B[qg];W[rf];B[qf];W[rc];B[qj])
(;B[rc]C[Black 9 is a tough move that may be an overplay.];W[qf];B[qb];W[pc];B[re];W[rf];B[se];W[qh];B[of];W[ld]))
(;W[pc]C[White 8 is too weak.];B[qi]))
(;B[pd]C[ Black 7 is a mistake.];W[pc];B[od];W[nd];B[ne];W[md])))
(;B[pd]C[Black 5 is inconsistent with the leisurely distance of the pincer. White should not have a problem settling himself.];W[od];B[oe];W[pf];B[ne];W[qb];B[rf])
(;B[qj]LB[pd:a]C[Black may push through with 'a' if he has support such as at Black 5.];W[pi]LB[pd:a]C[The shoulder hit at White 6 is helpful if Black pushes through and cuts at 'a'.];B[pd];W[od];B[oe];W[pf];B[ne];W[qb];B[rf]))
(;W[of]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]LB[qg:a][oe:b][hc:c]
(;B[qg];W[ic]LB[ke:a][mc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ke];W[ie];B[kg]LB[qc:a][ig:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qc];B[rc]LB[pd:a][rd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[pd]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[qb])
(;B[qb];W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc];W[qf];B[od];W[nd];B[pe];W[pf];B[ne];W[qi]))
(;W[rd]LB[qe:a][re:b]C[White 12 is selfish. Black plays 'a' while White hopes for 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[rb];B[pc];W[qb];B[od];W[pb];B[nd];W[pd];B[pe])
(;B[re]C[Black 13 is a mistake.];W[pd];B[qe];W[rb])))
(;W[ig];B[pc]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[od:a][pe:b]
(;W[od];B[pe];W[oe];B[ph];W[mh];B[ki];W[oh];B[pj])
(;W[pe];B[qe];W[pb]LB[qb:a][nc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qb];W[pd];B[qc];W[mc])
(;B[nc];W[qc];B[pd];W[od];B[nb];W[ob];B[qb];W[oh]))))
(;B[mc]LB[qc:a][pd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[pd];B[qb];W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc];W[qf];B[od];W[nd];B[pe];W[pf]
;B[nc];W[qi])
(;W[pd];B[qc];W[qe];B[re];W[rf];B[qf];W[pe];B[rd];W[oh])))
(;B[oe];W[ne];B[pe]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nd:a][lc:b]
(;W[nd];B[nf];W[og]LB[mf:a][ng:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mf];W[ld])
(;B[ng];W[oh];B[nh];W[qf];B[pf];W[qg];B[qe];W[pg];B[pc];W[le]))
(;W[lc]LB[nf:a][kd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nf];W[kd];B[og];W[jc])
(;B[kd];W[nf]LB[qg:a][lb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qg];W[lb])
(;B[lb];W[mc];B[qg];W[hd]))))
(;B[hc];W[qf]LB[pc:a][dp:b]C[Black continues at 'a'.

Even if Black plays elsewhere ('b'), the 3-4 stone retains aji.]
(;B[pc];W[od];B[ob];W[nb];B[pb])
(;B[dp];W[qc];B[pc]LB[pb:a][pd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' fails.]
(;W[pb];B[pd];W[qb];B[od]C[Black escapes.];W[nc];B[nd];W[md]LB[me:a][ne:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[me]LB[lc:a][ne:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[lc];B[nf];W[kd])
(;W[ne]C[White 18 starts a fight White is likely to lose.];B[mc];W[ld];B[mb]))
(;B[ne]C[Black 17 is not recommended.];W[mc];B[pg];W[pf];B[nf];W[og];B[le]))
(;W[pd]C[White 10 is a mistake.];B[pb];W[qb];B[od];W[pe];B[ob];W[nc];B[nb]LB[mc:a][rd:b]C[White 'a' and Black captures the corner with 'b'. White 'b' and Black captures two White stones (2 & 16).]
(;W[mc];B[rd])
(;W[rd];B[nd])))))
(;W[pf]C[White 4 introduces the taisha, but there are not as many variations as with the 5-3 point.];B[od]LB[pd:a][nd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White can only play 'b' with a favorable ladder.]
(;W[pd];B[pe];W[pc];B[qe];W[oe];B[nd];W[qc]LB[qf:a][rc:b][re:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.

c3, b2, a1]
(;B[qf];W[of];B[qh]LB[mb:a][mc:b]C[White continues with 'a', or if the ladder is favorable, may play 'b'.]
(;W[mb];B[ld]C[

];W[oh];B[pj];W[lg];B[je])
(;W[mc]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.];B[md];W[ld]LB[lc:a][nc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' falls into a trap.]
(;B[lc];W[nc]LB[le:a]C[Black must not be able to capture White 18 by playing 'a' for White to play this way.])
(;B[nc]C[Black 19 is a mistake.];W[nb];B[mb];W[lc];B[ob];W[na]LB[ma:a][me:b]C[Black may try 'a' or 'b'. Both fail, though 'b' may be preferable.]
(;B[ma];W[me];B[oa];W[nb];B[na];W[ne];B[nb];W[lb];B[rc];W[qb];B[rb];W[pa])
(;B[me];W[lb];B[rc];W[pb]))))
(;B[rc];W[rb];B[qg];W[mb];B[ld];W[of];B[rd]LB[ph:a][qi:b]C[Joseki continues with White 'a'.

White 'b' was played by Akaboshi Intetsu in 1835 against Honinbo Jowa. This game was nicknamed "Intetsu's blood-vomiting game", because of a stomach hemorrhage Intetsu had (and died of a month later).]
(;W[ph];B[qh];W[pi];B[rj];W[lg];B[je])
(;W[qi]C[White 18 is not joseki; Black gains a favorable position.];B[ph];W[pi];B[oh];W[mf];B[qb]LB[pb:a][qa:b]C[Black 6 is a clever move. White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is less favorable. ]
(;W[pb];B[ra]LB[nc:a][sb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' gives a flower-viewing ko (nothing to lose), inviting defeat.]
(;W[nc];B[me];W[sb];B[lf];W[mg];B[lg];W[mh];B[oi];W[lh];B[pk])
(;W[sb]C[White 28 is premature, and a mistake.];B[nc];W[nb];B[pa]))
(;W[qa]C[White 26 eliminates ko potential, but at a cost.];B[sb];W[ra];B[nb];W[nc];B[mc];W[ob];B[lb];W[na])))
(;B[re]LB[mb:a][rc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is less favorable.];W[mb];B[md];W[nf];B[rc];W[rb];B[sb];W[ra];B[qh]LB[mc:a][lf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' and White suffers a squeeze in sente on the corner stones.]

(;W[mc];B[le];W[lg])
(;W[lf]C[White 22 is a mistake.];B[qb];W[pb];B[nb];W[nc];B[mc];W[lb];B[pa];W[qa];B[oa];W[ma];B[kb];W[na]
)))
(;W[nd]C[White must have the ladder to play 6.];B[oe];W[pc]LB[qe:a][qc:b][of:c]C[Black continues with 'a' if the ladder is unfavorable (Black 5 & 7 can be captured in a ladder), or 'b' if the ladder works for Black. White should not have played White 6 if the ladder works for Black.

Black 'c'  was played by Hashimoto Utaro against Kajiwara in 1974.]
(;B[qe];W[qc];B[qi])
(;B[qc];W[pd];B[pe];W[qe];B[qf];W[re];B[rf];W[of])
(;B[of]LB[qc:a][pg:b][pd:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' and 'c' are unreasonable.]
(;W[qc];B[re]LB[rd:a][rc:b]C[White continues with 'a', which is better than White 'b'.]
(;W[rd];B[qe];W[mc])
(;W[rc]LB[nc:a]C[Black can aim at the cutting point of 'a' later if the ladder favors him.]))
(;W[pg];B[qc]C[White cannot push through and cut as the ladder no longer exists.])
(;W[pd]C[White 10 is unreasonable.];B[pe];W[qe];B[qf];W[re]LB[nc:a][pg:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[nc]LB[rd:a][qc:b]C[White continues with 'a', not 'b'.]
(;W[rd];B[pb]C[Black 17 is a tesuji.];W[qc];B[pg];W[mc];B[nb];W[mb];B[md];W[ne];B[ob])
(;W[qc]C[White 16 is a mistake.];B[rf];W[rd];B[pg];W[mc];B[nb];W[mb];B[md];W[ne];B[mf]))
(;B[pg]C[Black 15 is a mistake.];W[rd])))))
(;W[qg];B[pe];W[qj]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nd:a][pc:b]
(;B[nd];W[mc]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]LB[nc:a][md:b][ld:c]
(;B[nc];W[nb];B[md];W[lc];B[ld];W[kb];B[jb];W[jc];B[kd];W[lb];B[ic]C[Black needs the ladder.];W[qb];B[pc]
;W[pb];B[od]LB[ob:a][rc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[ob];B[jd])
(;W[rc]C[White 24 is a mistake.];B[ob];W[oa];B[ma];W[na];B[ka];W[mb]LB[jd:a][hb:b]C[If White now plays 'a', Black can play 'b'.]))
(;B[md];W[lc]LB[ld:a][kd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is an overplay.]
(;B[ld];W[kb]LB[jb:a][jc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is weak.]
(;B[jb];W[jc];B[kd]LB[ib:a][lb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is less favorable.]
(;W[ib];B[nc])
(;W[lb];B[ic];W[qb];B[rb]LB[qc:a][pb:b]C[White 'a' is better than White 'b'.]
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[re];B[rd];W[pc]LB[nc:a][nb:b][qa:c]C[If the Black 'a', White 'b' exchange had been made, White 24 would not be necessary. As it is, without White 24, Black 'c' kills the White group.])
(;W[pb];B[qc]LB[nc:a][dp:b]C[White must play 'a'; s/he cannot afford to play elsewhere ('b').]
(;W[nc])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere, and will be killed for it.];B[nb];W[nc];B[ka];W[la];B[oa]))))
(;B[jc]C[Black 13 is weak.];W[jb];B[ic];W[pb]))
(;B[kd]C[Black 11 is an overplay.];W[kb];B[jb];W[ld];B[le];W[ke];B[lf];W[lb];B[id];W[qc];B[rc];W[pc];B[re]LB[oe:a]C[Black must play 23 to defend against White 'a'.]
))
(;B[ld];W[qb];B[rb];W[kb];B[jb]LB[md:a][lb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is premature, and leads to ko.]
(;W[md];B[me];W[lb];B[jc];W[qc];B[rc];W[pc];B[ne]C[White has sente.];W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[nc];W[nb];B[ka]LB[ma:a][la:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' leads to death.]

(;W[ma];B[lc];W[oa])
(;W[la]C[White dies if s/he plays 26.];B[oa];W[pa];B[ob];W[na];B[mb]))
(;W[lb]C[White 'b' is a mistake.];B[md]C[White must add a stone.];W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere, a mistake.];B[nc];W[nb];B[ka];W[ma];B[lc];W[oa];B[mb]C[White must fight the ko for life.])))
(;B[pc]LB[pb:a][ld:b][od:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is heavy.]
(;W[pb];B[qb];W[of];B[nd])
(;W[ld];B[kd];W[le];B[ke];W[lf];B[jg];W[lh])
(;W[od]C[White 8 is heavy.];B[md];W[oe];B[pf];W[nf];B[pg])))
(;W[ic]LB[pf:a][pe:b]C[White 4 may be appropriate when White has support at top left.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is slow.]
(;B[pf];W[qc];B[rc];W[pd];B[qb];W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc];W[pe];B[od]LB[of:a][oe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b', 'a' if the ladder is favorable, 'b' if not.]

(;W[of]LB[oe:a][nd:b]C[White must have the ladder from Black 15 (at 'b') to play this way.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is weak.]
(;B[oe];W[qf];B[pg];W[og];B[oh];W[nh]LB[nf:a][md:b][ng:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake. 

Black 'c' gives White superior thickness for 20 points of Black territory.]
(;B[nf];W[ng];B[mi];W[mf];B[nc];W[nd];B[ob];W[ne];B[oc];W[oi];B[ph];W[pi];B[rg]
;W[rh];B[qg];W[ni]C[The result slightly favors Black.])
(;B[md]C[Black 23, trying to block White's ladder, is a mistake.];W[ph];B[qg];W[rg];B[qh];W[qi];B[pi];W[rh])
(;B[ng];W[nf];B[mf];W[mg];B[ne];W[ng];B[qg];W[rg];B[rh];W[me];B[nd];W[mc];B[nc]
;W[nb];B[ob];W[md];B[oc];W[oi];B[qh];W[lf]))
(;B[nd]C[Black 17 is submissive, and give White good shape.];W[pg];B[ld]))
(;W[oe]C[White 16 if ladders are unfavorable.];B[nd]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[of:a][ld:b]
(;W[of];B[ld])
(;W[ld]C[White 18 is a preference in style compared to the previous variation. White 18 is intended to annoy and for later aji.];B[ne];W[of];B[kd])))
(;B[pe]C[Black 5 was popular around 1800, when Genjo and Chitoku were playing. It is a slow way of playing.];W[nd];B[ke];W[ld];B[kd];W[qb]))
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[pc];W[od];B[pf]LB[le:a][ke:b][ld:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is not recommended.]
(;W[le]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]LB[jd:a][ke:b][hc:c]
(;B[jd];W[jf];B[ph])
(;B[ke];W[kf];B[je];W[ld];B[lc];W[mc];B[hc];W[lg];B[ph])
(;B[hc];W[id];B[ic];W[lc];B[lb];W[kd];B[jc];W[mc];B[ph]))
(;W[ke]LB[le:a][id:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[le];W[lf];B[me];W[of];B[kf];W[pg];B[qf];W[qg];B[je];W[pd];B[qc];W[rf];B[re]
;W[qe];B[pe];W[oe];B[qe];W[nh])
(;B[id];W[lc]LB[ld:a][lb:b]C[Black starts a fight with 'a'. Black 'b' is too mild.]
(;B[ld]LB[pd:a][kd:b]C[Black starts a fight with 11.

White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pd]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qe:a][qc:b]
(;B[qe]LB[qc:a][kd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[pb];B[mc];W[rb])
(;W[kd]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[mc];W[lb];B[mb];W[md];B[le];W[kb];B[jc];W[jb];B[ib];W[nb];B[me];W[nd]
;B[pb];W[of];B[kf];W[og];B[qh]))
(;B[qc];W[kd];B[mc];W[lb];B[mb]LB[md:a][kb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[md];B[le];W[kb];B[jc];W[jb];B[ib];W[nb];B[me];W[nd];B[nf];W[pb];B[qb];W[pa]
;B[qg]LB[qe:a]C[Black 31, to prevent White 'a', cannot be omitted.];W[jf])
(;W[kb]C[White 18 is a mistake.];B[me];W[jc];B[nf])))
(;W[kd]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[mc];W[lb];B[mb];W[md];B[le];W[kb];B[jc];W[jb];B[ib];W[nb];B[me];W[nd]
;B[nf];W[pd];B[qe];W[qc];B[rc];W[pb];B[kf]))
(;B[lb]C[Black 11 is too mild.];W[ld]LB[jb:a][ph:b]C[Black 'a' is honte (proper), but gives White a start on a favorable fight. Black 'b' gives White Black 11. Thus Black 11 is bad.]
(;B[jb];W[qe]LB[pe:a][qf:b]C[White provokes a fight with 14.
Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is unbearably submissive.]
(;B[pe];W[pd]LB[qc:a][qf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' gives up too much.]
(;B[qc];W[qf]C[A fight where Black's prospects are not great.])
(;B[qf]C[Black 17 is bad.];W[qc];B[re];W[rc]))
(;B[qf];W[pe];B[re]LB[rf:a][rd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]))
(;B[ph];W[jc];B[jd];W[kb];B[kd];W[ib]))))
(;W[ld]C[White 8 does not work well.];B[kd];W[le];B[ke];W[lf]LB[gc:a][jg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.];B[gc];W[qe];B[qf];W[pe];B[re]
;W[rf]LB[rd:a][rg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' to keep the corner or 'b' to emphasize the side.]
(;B[rd];W[of];B[rg])
(;B[rg];W[rd];B[sf];W[qc]LB[ph:a][pi:b][oh:c]C[Black extends somewhere around 'a' to 'c'.]))))
(;B[md]LB[oe:a][ne:b][qc:c][mc:d][pe:e][dp:f]C[Black 3 is typical of the severity of modern Go. White cannot afford to play elsewhere ('f'). Responses range from 'a' to 'd'. White 'e' is a trick play, not joseki.

f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[oe];B[pf]LB[kd:a][ph:b][me:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.  White 'b' does not work very well with the high pincer, so is not recommended.]
(;W[kd];B[mf]LB[mc:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is bad, as it gives Black solidity on the fourth line.]
(;W[mc];B[nd];W[nc];B[od]LB[pc:a][pd:b]C[Joseki continues with White 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable resistance.]
(;W[pc]LB[pd:a][qc:b]CR[lc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.  Black 'a' as joseki is recent. Black 'b' is the old pattern - Black takes more area,  but may end in gote and loses the hane at the red dot.]
(;B[pd])
(;B[qc];W[pd];B[pe];W[ld];B[of]))
(;W[pd]LB[pc:a][pe:b]C[Black 'a' is best, as White 12 is unreasonable. If Black 'b', White 'a', and the old joseki pattern of 2-1-7-1-1-2 results.];B[pc];W[pe];B[qe];W[of];B[og]LB[qf:a][qc:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'. Neither are favorable for White.]
(;W[qf];B[nf];W[pg];B[ne];W[pf];B[qc]LB[lc:a][ph:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai.])
(;W[qc];B[pb];W[qf];B[nf];W[pg];B[ne];W[pf];B[rc];W[ld];B[ph];W[oh];B[ng];W[qh]
;B[pi];W[re];B[rd];W[rg];B[se];W[rf];B[ri];W[qi];B[qj];W[pj];B[oi];W[rj];B[qk]
;W[rh];B[rk];W[si];B[nh]C[White is sealed in.])))
(;W[of]C[White 8 is bad.];B[pg]LB[mc:a][og:b][ph:c]C[White has lost the connection under at 'a', and is at a loss for a good move. A White push at 'b' and Black replies with 'c', increasing White's loss.]))
(;W[ph]LB[of:a][pg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'a' is better. ]
(;B[of];W[ne];B[pc];W[ob];B[ng];W[me]LB[oi:a][pk:b][kd:c]C[Next, Black can play at 'a', 'b' or 'c'. 'c' leads to immediate fighting.])
(;B[pg];W[oh];B[nf];W[qc];B[rc];W[ne]LB[ng:a][me:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;B[ng];W[me];B[pc])
(;B[me]C[Black 13 is unreasonable.];W[of];B[og];W[ng];B[mf];W[qe]C[Black cannot save his three stones.])))
(;W[me];B[le];W[mf];B[kd];W[ph];B[of];W[nd];B[mc];W[nh];B[qb];W[lh]))
(;W[ne]LB[pf:a][qg:b][pe:c][me:d]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. 

Black 'd' is not recommended, but may work depending upon surrounding conditions.]
(;B[pf]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[me:a][qc:b]
(;W[me];B[pc];W[od];B[ph];W[jd])
(;W[qc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rc:a][pd:b]
(;B[rc];W[pd];B[qe]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qb:a][me:b]
(;W[qb]LB[qj:a][me:b]C[Black continues by making an extension such as 'a'. Black 'b' is also possible depending upon circumstances.]
(;B[qj];W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[me];W[og];B[pg];W[oh];B[ph];W[oi])
(;B[me];W[of];B[og];W[pe];B[nf];W[qf];B[oe];W[rf];B[qg];W[rg];B[qh];W[rh];B[qi]
))
(;W[me]))
(;B[pd];W[pc];B[nd];W[od];B[oe]C[This is a strong way to play. 

Fujisawa Shuko and Sakata Eio played this sequence often in their Meijin tournament matches in the 1960's.];W[nf];B[nb];W[nc];B[mc];W[ob];B[ph];W[lf];B[jd]
)))
(;B[qg]LB[pf:a][me:b][qc:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. 

White 'a' gives White thickness, while Black gets a big corner; the result favors Black slightly.

White 'b' emphasizes the top.

White 'c' has been seen in at least one professional game (Rin Kaiho (B) vs. Fujisawa Shuko (W) in the 4th Meijin league 1965--01-13). The move may be considered an attempt to avoid the disadvantage of White 'a'. White gets settled in the corner and Black on the right side.]
(;W[pf];B[qf];W[qc];B[rc];W[pd];B[qb];W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc];W[rf];B[od];W[pe]
;B[nd];W[qi]C[The result slightly favors Black.])
(;W[me];B[kd];W[mc])
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[pd]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Both sides get settled.

Black 'b' is a change in direction that render Black 3 and 5 superfluous.]
(;B[qe];W[qb])
(;B[qb];W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc];W[pe]C[Black 3 and 5 has been rendered useless.])))
(;B[pe];W[me]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pc:a][ld:b]
(;B[pc];W[ob];B[ph];W[ld])
(;B[ld];W[nd];B[le];W[lf];B[kf];W[kg];B[lg];W[mf];B[jf];W[lh];B[qh]))
(;B[me];W[nf]LB[qg:a][mf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qg];W[mf];B[ke])
(;B[mf]C[Black 17 is a mistake.];W[qf];B[ng];W[pe])))
(;W[qc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rc:a][pd:b]
(;B[rc]LB[pd:a][rb:b]C[Joseki continues with 'a'. White 'b' may be possible.]
(;W[pd];B[qe];W[qb];B[pg]LB[rb:a][dp:b]C[Joseki continues with 'a'. But White may play elsewhere ('b').]
(;W[rb];B[qk])
(;W[dp]LB[rb:a][nc:b]C[White plays elsewhere. Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rb];W[mb])
(;B[nc];W[rb];B[ob];W[rd];B[re];W[sc]LB[od:a]C[Black can continue with 'a' or play elsewhere.];B[od];W[pc];B[pe])))
(;W[rb]C[White 6 was played by Fujisawa Shuko against Go Seigen on July 3, 1964.];B[pc];W[qb];B[pd];W[rd];B[re];W[sc]C[While Black cannot be disatisfied, White has life in the corner and sente.]))
(;B[pd];W[pc];B[od]LB[nd:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. 'a' is preferable, but may lead to complications.]
(;W[nd]LB[ne:a][nc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ne];W[nc];B[me];W[lc];B[pj])
(;B[nc];W[ne]LB[mc:a][mb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mc];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[pf];W[ng];B[ph])
(;B[mb];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[pf]LB[ob:a][me:b]C[White continues with 'a' to live in the corner, or 'b' to exchange the corner for center influence.]
(;W[ob];B[me];W[nf];B[mf];W[ng];B[ph])
(;W[me];B[ob];W[ld];B[pb];W[mc];B[nb];W[lb];B[qb]))))
(;W[nc];B[nd];W[lc];B[pj])))
(;W[mc]LB[nd:a][lc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'b' involves a ladder.]
(;B[nd];W[nc];B[od]LB[pd:a][ld:b][pc:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' and 'c' are inferior.]
(;W[pd]LB[pc:a][pe:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is weak.]
(;B[pc];W[pe];B[qc]LB[lc:a][ld:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'b' is fierce.]
(;W[lc];B[rf]LB[pg:a][nf:b]C[Joseki continues with 'a'. White 'b' was played by Fujisawa Shuko against Go Seigen in the 3rd Meijin League on July 3, 1964.]
(;W[pg];B[mf])
(;W[nf]C[White 'b' was played by Fujisawa Shuko against Go Seigen in the 3rd Meijin League on July 3, 1964. The colors were reversed, so while the situation is accurate, the positions are not exact.]AW[cc][po][dq]AB[pq][co];B[ld];W[kd];B[mf];W[ng];B[kf];W[ke];B[le];W[jf]
;B[kg];W[pj];B[dd];W[dc];B[ed];W[be];B[dg];W[ie];B[ec];W[fp];B[mp];W[hc];B[cf]
;W[ce];B[de];W[bf];B[ch];W[cp];B[pm];W[qg];B[rg];W[do];B[nm];W[mj];B[mg];W[qq]
;B[qr];W[rr];B[qp];W[rq];B[pp];W[pr];B[or];W[qs];B[nh];W[oh];B[ni];W[nj];B[oi]
;W[pi];B[og];W[ph];B[of];W[oj];B[qk];W[rh];B[kj];W[ml];B[dn];W[cn];B[cm];W[bo]
;B[bn];W[mm];B[nn];W[rp];B[qo];W[ip];B[co];W[qf];B[qe];W[cn]C[White ending up winning by 2 points.]))
(;W[ld];B[nf];W[qe];B[lc];W[lb];B[kc];W[kb];B[jc];W[pb];B[qb]LB[jb:a][ob:b]C[White continues with 'a' to make life. 

White 'b' is tough, and was played by Sakata Eio against Go Seigen in 1958.]
(;W[jb];B[ic];W[ob];B[re];W[rf];B[se];W[pg];B[sb])
(;W[ob];B[re];W[rf];B[se];W[pg];B[jb]C[Black 27 stops White from getting two eyes.];W[sc]C[White 28 makes the corner a ko.])))
(;B[pe]C[Black 9 is cowardly.];W[pc];B[qe];W[ld]))
(;W[ld]C[White 8 gives Black the corner and solid shape.];B[pc];W[kc])
(;W[pc]LB[pd:a][ld:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pd];W[ld];B[le];W[ke];B[kd];W[lc];B[lf];W[je];B[pj])
(;B[ld]C[Black 9 does not work as well as other options.];W[pd];B[pe];W[qe];B[qf];W[re];B[pf];W[rd];B[lc])))
(;B[lc];W[ld]LB[nc:a][kc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'.

Black 'b' yields significant influence, but White gets better corner territory. Black must have the ladder to play 'b'.]
(;B[nc]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way.];W[mb];B[me]LB[nd:a][nb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[nd]LB[ne:a][kd:b]C[Black changes direction and continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is bad. ]
(;B[ne];W[nb];B[pe];W[kd];B[qj])
(;B[kd];W[ne];B[le];W[qf]C[Trying to make Black live in the corner will give White great outside strength.]))
(;W[nb]C[White 10 is a mistake.];B[kd];W[pe];B[qe];W[pf];B[qg]))
(;B[kc]LB[pe:a][qe:b]C[Black 7 gives White superior profit in the corner.

White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is an old pattern that isn't necessarily favorable.]
(;W[pe]LB[me:a][qe:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;B[me];W[qe];B[nc];W[ob];B[nb];W[nd];B[mb];W[qg])
(;B[qe]C[Black 9 is unreasonably greedy.];W[me];B[nd];W[ne]LB[od:a][nc:b]C[Black may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[od];W[pd];B[nc];W[nb];B[mb];W[oe];B[mc];W[qf])
(;B[nc];W[od];B[nb];W[ob];B[mb];W[qg])))
(;W[qe]LB[pe:a][pd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not as favorable.]
(;B[pe];W[pd];B[qf];W[re];B[rf])
(;B[pd]C[This is an old pattern, but not favorable for Black.];W[me];B[nd];W[od];B[ne];W[oe];B[nf];W[pe])))))
(;W[pe]LB[qe:a][pd:b]C[Black 'a' is a mistake. Black continues with 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[pf];B[qg];W[qf];B[rf];W[rg];B[rh];W[pg];B[qh];W[re];B[sg];W[qc];B[rd]
;W[jd])
(;B[pd];W[od];B[oe]LB[pf:a][ne:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is disadvantageous.]
(;W[pf];B[of];W[pg]LB[pb:a][og:b]C[Black 'a' is a mistake. 

Black continues with 'b'.]
(;B[pb];W[ob];B[mb];W[pc];B[qc];W[qb];B[rb];W[pa];B[ra];W[re]LB[qa:a][rc:b][nd:c]C[Neither Black 'a' nor 'b' work. Black 'a' is worse, as White may mistake if Black plays 'b'. 

Black must continue with 'c'. The corner becomes a seki.

c3, b2, a1]

(;B[qa]C[Black 21 is a mistake.];W[rd];B[rc];W[qe];B[nd];W[sc];B[nb];W[sb];B[pb];W[oa];B[nc];W[qb])
(;B[rc]LB[qe:a][ne:b]C[White 'a' is a mistake. White 'b' is correct.]
(;W[qe];B[nd];W[rd];B[nb];W[sc];B[na];W[oa];B[qa];W[sb];B[pb])
(;W[ne];B[nf];W[mc];B[lc];W[me];B[nd];W[le];B[nh];W[ld];B[nc];W[nb];B[mc];W[na]
;B[qa];W[kc];B[kb];W[lb];B[la];W[ma]))
(;B[nd];W[rc];B[rd];W[sd];B[sc];W[se];B[na];W[qe];B[rc];W[oa];B[nb];W[sb];B[nc]
))
(;B[og]LB[re:a][qb:b]C[White may continue wth 'a' or 'b', neither giving a favorable result.]
(;W[re];B[pb];W[pc];B[qc];W[ob];B[qb];W[mb];B[rd];W[kc];B[ph];W[qh];B[qi];W[pi]
;B[oh];W[ri];B[qg];W[qj];B[rg])
(;W[qb];B[ph];W[rf];B[re];W[qh];B[qi];W[pi];B[oh];W[rh];B[ri];W[qj];B[rj];W[rk]
;B[pj];W[si];B[qk];W[sj];B[oi];W[rl];B[pb];W[pc];B[qc]LB[ob:a][rb:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b', neither successful.]
(;W[ob];B[rb];W[pa];B[ra])
(;W[rb];B[ob]))))
(;W[ne]C[White 8 is a mistake.];B[of];W[nd];B[pf];W[mc])))
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere, not joseki.];B[od];W[pc];B[pd];W[nc];B[nd]))
(;B[ld]LB[qc:a][nd:b][pd:c][pe:d][of:e][oe:f][me:g][md:h][qf:i][qg:j][pg:k][dp:l]C[The two-space high pincer is most common. This pincer typifies modern Go, as it maintains balance between territory and influence, offers a plethora of options, and has few weaknesses.

White responses range from 'a' to 'k'. White plays elsewhere with 'l'.

l12, k11, j10, i9, h8, g7, f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[qc]LB[rc:a][pd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not good enough.]
(;B[rc];W[pd]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qe:a][qb:b]
(;B[qe];W[qb];B[pg])
(;B[qb]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qe:a][pe:b]
(;W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[oe:a][pe:b]
(;W[oe]LB[ob:a][dp:b][pf:c]C[Black should continue with 'a'. Playing elsewhere with 'b' results in a local loss. White 'c' is an overplay that may work.]
(;B[ob];W[nc];B[mb]C[The joseki ends.];W[nb]C[White's later continuation.];B[na];W[mc];B[lc];W[lb];B[ma];W[kb];B[jc])
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[nb];B[re];W[rf];B[sd];W[qf])
(;B[pf];W[pe];B[nd]LB[od:a][ne:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[od];B[ph]LB[nb:a][rf:b]C[With forcing moves at 'a' and 'b', White will have no trouble settling himself.])
(;W[ne];B[nc];W[me];B[kc];W[pj]LB[lb:a]C[White may hope for more from his moyo at right than Black's territory at top. Black is left with a weak point at 'a' where White may play in.])))
(;W[pe]C[White must have the ladder at 2 to play this way.];B[nc];W[qi];B[ob]))
(;W[pe]C[White needs a favorable ladder at 2 to play this way.];B[pc];W[pb];B[qc];W[qf];B[nc];W[od];B[ob];W[me];B[mc])))
(;B[pd]C[Black 5 is not recommended.];W[pc];B[od];W[nd];B[ne]LB[nc:a][me:b]C[White continues with 'a', though White 'b' is possible with a favorable ladder.]
(;W[nc];B[me];W[qj])
(;W[me];B[nc];W[md];B[mc]LB[lc:a][nf:b]C[If the ladder off White 10 is favorable, White may play 'a'. Otherwise 'b' is the only move left.]
(;W[lc];B[lb];W[kc];B[kd]LB[jc:a][mf:b]C[If the ladder off 'b' is not favorable to White, White collapses as 'a' and 'b' are miai.])
(;W[nf];B[rc];W[rb];B[rd];W[nb];B[mb];W[na];B[kc]LB[sb:a][pg:b]C[White lives with 'a' as considerable disadvantage. White 'b' and the corner can be killed through a ko.]
(;W[sb];B[qh])
(;W[pg]LB[ra:a][sb:b]C[White risks the corner. Black must play 'a', not 'b'.]
(;B[ra];W[sb];B[pa];W[pb];B[ma];W[ob];B[qb]LB[mf:a]C[While White captures first, Black has a ko threat at 'a'.])
(;B[sb];W[ra]C[White lives.]))))))
(;W[nd]LB[pf:a][pg:b][pc:c][oe:d][pb:e]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'e'. Black 'd' can result in complications. ]
(;B[pf]LB[qc:a][qb:b][jc:c][dp:d]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'. White playing elsewhere ('d') is unthinkable.]
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[pd]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is reckless.]
(;B[qe];W[qb])
(;B[qb]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc];W[pe]))
(;W[qb];B[qj]LB[nf:a][jc:b][id:c][dp:d]C[White follows up with the jump to 'a' for influence, but a pincer at 'b' or 'c' is usual. 'd' show variations when White plays elsewhere.]
(;W[nf]C[White aims for influence at a juncture point.])
(;W[jc])
(;W[id])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[mc]LB[rc:a][cq:b]C[White continues with 'a'. 'b' shows follow-up if White plays elsewhere.]
(;W[rc];B[rd];W[nb];B[mb];W[oe])
(;W[cq]LB[pd:a][ob:b]C[White plays elsewhere. Black continues with 'a'. Black cannot play 'b' immediately.]
(;B[pd]LB[ob:a][rc:b]C[Black 11 seems innocuous, but it is the vital point. White defends with 'a'.  White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[ob];B[rc])
(;W[rc]LB[ob:a][nc:b]C[Black continues at 'a'. Black 'b' results in Black gote.]
(;B[ob]LB[nb:a][pb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is out of the question.]
(;W[nb];B[nc];W[pb];B[od];W[oa])
(;W[pb]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[nb]))
(;B[nc];W[ob];B[od])))
(;B[ob]C[Black 11 is premature.];W[nb];B[nc]LB[pd:a][pb:b]C[White continues with the tesjui of 'a'. White 'b' fails to punish Black for the mistake of Black 11.]
(;W[pd]C[White 14 is the vital point for both players.];B[pb];W[pc];B[mb];W[qe];B[qf];W[re])
(;W[pb]C[White 14 is a mistake. White fails to punish Black.];B[od];W[pc];B[pd])))))
(;W[jc];B[ke];W[hd])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere, a huge mistake.];B[pc];W[nf];B[ph]C[White is in trouble.]))
(;B[pg]LB[qb:a][qi:b][jc:c][qc:d]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'. White 'd' gives Black a favorable result.]
(;W[qb]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qk:a][mf:b]
(;B[qk]LB[qf:a]C[White can continue with a placement move at 'a', but this should not be played too early in the game.];W[qf]LB[pf:a][qg:b]C[Black can get thick with 'a' or sente with 'b' (with 'b', in exchange for enlarging White's corner territory.]
(;B[pf];W[qe];B[pe];W[rd];B[pd];W[qc];B[qg])
(;B[qg];W[qe];B[of];W[pd]))
(;B[mf]LB[qi:a][nf:b]C[Black 'b' shows a moyo strategy. White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is just what Black wants.];W[qi];B[pl];W[oi];B[oe]))
(;W[qi]LB[qb:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black can get sente with 'a'.]
(;B[qb]LB[nf:a][jc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is also possible.]
(;W[nf];B[oe];W[ne];B[oh];W[lf];B[id])
(;W[jc]AW[dd][ep][fq][qo]AB[pq][cp][dq][eq]C[White 8 was played by Takagawa Shukaku against Rin Kaiho in the 8th Meijin Title (1969), 5th Game.];B[ke];W[lb];B[id];W[jd];B[je];W[ie]
;B[gd];W[if];B[ic];W[ib];B[hb];W[jb];B[gf];W[fe];B[ge];W[ih];B[oe];W[ne];B[kh]
;W[ng];B[pi];W[pj];B[oi];W[qh];B[og];W[lf];B[jg];W[ig];B[lg];W[mg];B[mh];W[nh]
;B[ni];W[pl];B[mi];W[le];B[kd];W[mc];B[gh];W[ij];B[cf];W[fb];B[ef];W[ce];B[bf]
;W[hc];B[hd];W[gc]))
(;B[pc];W[pb];B[qb];W[pd];B[qc];W[pe];B[qf];W[nf]))
(;W[jc]C[White 6 is possible with White support at top-left.];B[ke];W[hd];B[qb];W[nf];B[oe];W[ne];B[kg];W[nh];B[pi])
(;W[qc]C[White 6 helps Black.];B[rc];W[pd];B[qe];W[qb];B[qk]))
(;B[pc]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pb:a][pe:b]
(;W[pb];B[qb];W[pd];B[qc];W[pe];B[qf]LB[pg:a][pf:b][og:c][dp:d]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' and 'c' are not recommended. White 'd' shows variations if White plays elsewhere.]
(;W[pg];B[pf];W[of];B[qe];W[ng];B[oh];W[og];B[qh];W[ph];B[qi])
(;W[pf]C[White 'b' lets Black stay ahead.];B[qg];W[pg];B[ph];W[oh];B[oi];W[nh];B[pi])
(;W[og]C[White 12 is not good.];B[qg]C[White has no good follow-up.])
(;W[dp]LB[qg:a][pf:b]C[White plays elsewhere. Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a not recommended.]
(;B[qg];W[nf])
(;B[pf]C[Black 13 looks severe, but gives White a chance to make good shape. Pushing moves like Black 13 are usually vulgar.];W[of];B[og];W[nf];B[ng];W[mf])))
(;W[pe]LB[pd:a][qe:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. While odd shape, it is the vital point.

Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pd];W[qe]LB[od:a][ob:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[od];W[oe];B[nc];W[mc];B[ob]LB[ne:a][md:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[ne];B[mb];W[pj])
(;W[md]C[White 14 lets Black cut.];B[ne];W[me];B[nf];W[pg];B[mb];W[lc];B[mf];W[le];B[lf]))
(;B[ob];W[oe];B[mc];W[pi]C[The sequence ends.];B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[pb]LB[qb:a][nc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is less favorable.]
(;B[qb];W[nb];B[nc];W[oa];B[od];W[rd])
(;B[nc];W[rd])))
(;B[qe]C[Black 7 is a mistake.];W[pd];B[qc];W[pf];B[qg])))
(;B[oe]LB[pd:a][qc:b][ne:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' and 'c' are not recommended.]
(;W[pd]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qe:a][pe:b]
(;B[qe]LB[qc:a][pe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' gives Black a better result.]
(;W[qc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rc:a][pe:b]
(;B[rc];W[pe]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qf:a][pf:b]
(;B[qf];W[pf];B[pg]LB[qb:a][og:b][dp:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c', playing elsewhere, is not recommended.]
(;W[qb])
(;W[og];B[ph];W[qb])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[og];W[of]C[White must play 16 or suffer greatly.];B[ng]C[The sequence ends.];W[qg]C[White 18 is a mistake.];B[qh];W[rg];B[rf];W[rh];B[qi]LB[sf:a][ri:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]

(;W[sf]C[With White 24, White gets a ko.];B[se];W[rd];B[sg];W[sh];B[ri];W[sf])
(;W[ri]C[White fills in his own liberties with 24.];B[rj];W[rd];B[sg]C[White loses.])))
(;B[pf]C[Black 11 leads to difficult variations.];W[qf]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qb:a][rf:b]
(;B[qb];W[pc];B[re];W[rf];B[se];W[qh]LB[mf:a][me:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a trick play that White can outplay.]
(;B[mf]LB[nf:a][of:b]C[White continues at 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[nf]LB[pg:a][ph:b][ng:c]C[White 20 is a tesuji. 

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'c' is a mistake.]
(;B[pg]LB[ne:a][me:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[ne];B[ph];W[qi];B[pi];W[qj];B[mg];W[lc];B[kc]LB[lb:a][ng:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[lb];B[kd])
(;W[ng]))
(;W[me]LB[ph:a][le:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[ph]LB[le:a][qi:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[le];B[qi];W[kd])
(;W[qi]C[White 24 is an overplay.];B[le];W[pi];B[ng]))
(;B[le];W[ph];B[ng];W[mg];B[lf];W[og];B[of];W[nh];B[ne];W[md];B[ng];W[rb];B[oh]
;W[sb];B[oi]LB[qj:a][dp:b]C[White must continue with 'a'.]
(;W[qj];B[pj]LB[ri:a][qk:b]C[White must continue with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[ri])
(;W[qk]C[White 40 is a mistake.];B[ri];W[rh];B[qi];W[pi];B[sh]LB[rj:a][rg:b][sg:c]C[White 'a', 'b', and 'c' all fail.]
(;W[rj];B[rg])
(;W[rg];B[sg])
(;W[sg];B[qg])))
(;W[dp]C[White cannot tennuki as with White 38.];B[qg];W[rg];B[ri];W[rh];B[qi];W[sf];B[pi];W[sd]))))
(;B[ph]LB[me:a][pg:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[me];B[pg];W[le];B[qi];W[kd])
(;W[pg]C[White 22 is a mistake, as it plays into Black's hands.];B[of];W[og];B[ne];W[me];B[ng]C[White has no good follow-up.]))
(;B[ng]C[Black 21 is a mistake.];W[og];B[of];W[ne];B[pg];W[oh];B[ph];W[pi];B[oi];W[nh];B[qi];W[pj];B[qg]
;W[mg]))
(;W[of]C[White 20 is a mistake.];B[pg]LB[ne:a][nf:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'. Neither work.]
(;W[ne];B[ph];W[qi];B[nf];W[og];B[nh])
(;W[nf];B[ph];W[qi];B[mg])))
(;B[me]LB[nf:a][of:b][ne:c]C[White 19 is a trick play. White continues with 'a'. White 'b' and 'c' don't work.]
(;W[nf];B[ne];W[of];B[pg];W[oh])
(;W[of]C[White 20 is a mistake.];B[pg];W[ne];B[ph];W[qi];B[pi];W[qj];B[nf];W[og];B[ng];W[oh];B[ni])
(;W[ne]C[White 20 is ridiculous.];B[nf])))
(;B[rf];W[qg];B[pg];W[qh];B[ph];W[qi]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qb:a][pi:b]
(;B[qb];W[pc];B[rb]LB[pi:a][me:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not generally recommended.]
(;W[pi];B[mf];W[lb];B[kb];W[kc];B[lc];W[jb];B[mb];W[ka];B[mc];W[kd];B[le];W[jf]
)
(;W[me]LB[pi:a]C[White 22 is not recommended, as Black gets the vital point at 'a'.];B[pi];W[qj];B[ok]))
(;B[pi];W[rb]LB[qb:a][qj:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake..]
(;B[qb];W[pc];B[re]LB[qj:a][sc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is small and greedy.]
(;W[qj];B[sb];W[pj];B[mf];W[lb])
(;W[sc];B[qj];W[rj];B[rk]LB[sd:a]C[White cannot avoid a ko at 'a'.]))
(;B[qj];W[sd];B[re];W[rg];B[qb];W[pc]LB[sb:a][rd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[sb];W[rd];B[ra];W[sf]LB[pj:a]C[White can now aim at the cut at 'a'.])
(;B[rd]C[Black 27 is a mistake.];W[sc];B[ra];W[sb]))))))
(;B[pe];W[rc];B[ne]C[This result favors White slightly.]))
(;W[pe];B[pf];W[qc];B[qg];W[rf];B[qf];W[rc];B[ne]C[This result slightly favors Black.]))
(;B[pe]LB[qc:a][qe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[qc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[re:a][rc:b]
(;B[re]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rc:a][ne:b]
(;W[rc];B[ne]C[Black builds thickness when it works well, as White has considerable corner profit.])
(;W[ne]LB[nf:a][rc:b]C[White gets out to the center, but at a cost. Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nf];W[mf];B[ng];W[le];B[rc];W[kd])
(;B[rc];W[ng];B[id]LB[qf:a][od:b]C[White should not peep at 'a', as Black will play 'b' and White is in gote.])))
(;B[rc]C[Kajiwara Takeo 9-dan invented Black 9, an uncompromising move.];W[rd];B[qe]LB[rb:a][re:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[rb];B[od];W[pc];B[re];W[ne];B[nf];W[mf];B[ng];W[le];B[mg];W[ke])
(;W[re]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[qb];W[pc];B[sb]LB[qf:a][ra:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' doesn't work, as Black captures the two White stones.]
(;W[qf];B[ra])
(;W[ra];B[rf]))))
(;W[qe]C[White 8 gives Black superior thickness at best.];B[qf];W[re];B[qc];W[rf];B[ne];W[pc];B[qb]LB[pb:a][qg:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pb];B[qg];W[rg];B[qh];W[rd];B[md]LB[nb:a]C[Black 'a' later is sente.])
(;W[qg];B[nb]LB[nc:a][mc:b]C[Neither White 'a' nor 'b' work.]
(;W[nc];B[mb];W[pb];B[pa]C[White loses the fight by one move.])
(;W[mc];B[lc];W[mb];B[lb];W[pb];B[pa];W[oa];B[qa];W[la]LB[na:a][ka:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' gives White a ko.]
(;B[na];W[ma];B[jb])
(;B[ka];W[na]))))))
(;W[qc]C[White 6 is a mistake in order. Black gains advantage.];B[rc];W[pd];B[qb];W[pe];B[pc];W[pb];B[qc];W[of];B[qf];W[pf];B[qg])
(;W[ne]C[White 6 is ridiculous.];B[of]LB[nf:a][pd:b]C[White 'a' is worse than White 'b'.]
(;W[nf];B[og]LB[lf:a][pd:b][qc:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is bad.]
(;W[lf];B[id])
(;W[pd];B[qe];W[qc];B[rc];W[qb]LB[lb:a][mc:b]C[White cannot continue at 'a' because of Black 'b'.])
(;W[qc]C[White 10 compounds the original mistake.];B[rc];W[pd];B[qb]LB[qe:a][pe:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe];B[pc])
(;W[pe];B[pc];W[od];B[qf])))
(;W[pd];B[qe];W[qc];B[rc];W[qb];B[qh]LB[mc:a]C[Black still has the eye stealing move at 'a'.])))
(;B[pb]C[Black 5 is a recent innovation credited to Cho Chikun.];W[qc];B[pc];W[pd];B[pe];W[od];B[rc];W[qe];B[rd]LB[ob:a][pf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake, even if the ladder works.]
(;W[ob];B[qf];W[qb];B[rb];W[pa]TR[ld]C[Black 3, now weakened, has lost much of its original meaning.])
(;W[pf]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[ob]LB[mc:a]C[White now faces the prospect of Black connecting to the pincer stone (Black 3) by playing 'a'.])))
(;W[pd]LB[qc:a][qe:b]C[This play has lost popularity, as the pincer is well placed to counter White 4. 

Black continues with 'a' (joseki), and close fighting starts. 

Black 'b' is spiritless, almost inconceivable. White settles himself in sente.]
(;B[qc]LB[qe:a][pf:b]C[White continues with 'a' (joseki). White 'b' leads to a local loss.]
(;W[qe]LB[pe:a][re:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is weak.]
(;B[pe];W[re]LB[oe:a][nd:b][pf:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. Black 'a' is severe. Black 'b' gives an equal result, allowing White to settle his stones. Black 'c' relies on Black playing the 2-2 point in the corner to live. ]
(;B[oe]LB[pc:a][qb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' gives White a low position.]
(;W[pc];B[qb]LB[rd:a][mc:b]C[White continues with 'a'.  White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[rd]LB[nb:a][nc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b', but 'b' is better.]
(;B[nb];W[nc];B[mc];W[pb];B[nd];W[rb])
(;B[nc]LB[nb:a][pb:b]C[White continues with 'a' if the ladder is unfavorable. White can only play 'b' if the ladder favors White.]
(;W[nb]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'a' is a simple, older joseki.]LB[mc:a][mb:b]
(;B[mc];W[pb];B[mb];W[rb])
(;B[mb]C[White continues with 'a', or if the ladder is favorable, 'b'.]LB[ob:a][nd:b]
(;W[ob];B[rc];W[sb];B[md];W[sc];B[qf];W[rf];B[qg];W[rg];B[qh])
(;W[nd];B[mc];W[ne];B[nf];W[od];B[og];W[me];B[lf]LB[pb:a][le:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is reckless.]
(;W[pb];B[le])
(;W[le]C[Black 24 is a mistake.];B[ke];W[kd];B[mf];W[lc];B[ob];W[pb];B[na];W[md];B[pa];W[ld];B[jd]C[White has lost.]
))))
(;W[pb]LB[nb:a][oa:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or the unusual move of 'b'.]
(;B[nb];W[rb];B[od];W[rc])
(;B[oa]C[Black 15 is an exquisite tesuji discovered by Suichi Masao 9-dan in 1959.

The ladder is important.];W[nb];B[mb]LB[ob:a][nd:b]C[White must play 'a' if the ladder is unfavorable, but can play 'b' if the ladder is favorable.]
(;W[ob];B[ma];W[mc];B[nd];W[lb];B[lc];W[rb])
(;W[nd];B[mc];W[ne];B[nf];W[od]LB[me:a][mf:b][of:c][rb:d]C[Black continues with 'a'. If Black 'b' or 'c', White 'd' and White wins the capture race.];B[me]LB[rb:a][of:b]C[White 'a' does not work. White 'b' leads to ko if White has the ladder.]
(;W[rb];B[pa];W[rc];B[qa])
(;W[of];B[pf];W[og];B[pg];W[ph];B[qg];W[oh]LB[md:a][mf:b]C[Black plays 'a' if Black 21 cannot be captured in a ladder, and Black 'b' if Black 21 can be captured in a ladder.]
(;B[md]LB[mf:a]C[If the ladder created by White 'a' is unfavorable, White loses.])
(;B[mf]C[Black must play 31 if Black 21 can be captured in a ladder by White.];W[rg];B[qh];W[qi];B[rh];W[ri];B[rf];W[sh];B[sg];W[si];B[qf];W[sf];B[se]
;W[sd])))))))
(;W[mc]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[qf];W[rf]LB[qg:a][nd:b]C[Black continues at 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qg];W[rg];B[rh];W[qh];B[ph];W[qi];B[ri];W[rj];B[qj];W[pi];B[rk];W[pj];B[qk]
;W[pf];B[pg];W[of];B[nf];W[og];B[oh];W[ng];B[nh];W[mg]LB[mi:a][oj:b]C[White cannot play at 'a' because of Black 'b', so White is lost.])
(;B[nd]C[Black 15 is a mistake.];W[pb];B[rd];W[qg];B[nc];W[nb];B[lb];W[mb];B[lc];W[pa];B[qa];W[sd];B[sc]
;W[rb];B[ra];W[sb];B[se];W[sf]C[The result is ko.])))
(;W[qb];B[pc];W[pb];B[od];W[rc]LB[nc:a][rd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'a' gives Black sente, while Black ends in gote with 'b'. ]
(;B[nc];W[ob];B[ph];W[rd]C[Black plays elsewhere in sente.])
(;B[rd];W[sd];B[pd];W[qg];B[rb];W[sc];B[ob];W[ra];B[nc])))
(;B[nd];W[qb]LB[pc:a][pb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pc];W[od];B[pb]LB[of:a][ob:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[of];B[pf];W[pg];B[qf];W[qg];B[rf];W[rg];B[rd];W[oe];B[se];W[nh])
(;W[ob];B[oe];W[rc];B[rb];W[rd];B[qa];W[oa];B[pa];W[sb];B[nc];W[ra]C[White must play ko, but...];B[sa]C[White has no ko threats.]
))
(;B[pb]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[pc];B[rb];W[qa];B[ra];W[rc];B[pa];W[qb];B[qa];W[rd];B[qb];W[ob]))
(;B[pf]LB[qg:a][pc:b][rd:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' and 'c' are questionable.]
(;W[qg];B[pg];W[qh];B[nd]LB[od:a][pc:b][qb:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake. White 'c' gives White a low position.]
(;W[od];B[oe];W[pb];B[qb];W[nb]LB[mb:a][mc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[mb];W[mc];B[lb];W[md];B[me];W[lc];B[kc];W[nc];B[le];W[ne];B[nf];W[kb];B[jb]
;W[rd];B[oa];W[pa];B[qa];W[rc];B[pc];W[ob];B[nd];W[na]LB[ka:a]C[White wins, but Black 'a' remains as sente.])
(;B[mc]C[Black 19 is a mistake.];W[mb];B[lb];W[rd];B[rc];W[sb]LB[kc:a]C[White wins the capturing race and can later peep at 'a'.]))
(;W[pc]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[qb]LB[mb:a][pb:b]C[White 'a' is better than White 'b'.]
(;W[mb];B[mc];W[pb]LB[oa:a][nb:b]C[Black continues at 'a'. Black 'b' and Black loses.]
(;B[oa]C[Black 19 is the tesuji.];W[nb];B[lb];W[pa];B[qa]LB[rd:a][od:b]C[Neither White 'a' nor 'b' work.]
(;W[rd];B[nc];W[la];B[ka];W[na]C[White starts a multi-step ko that does not work.])
(;W[nc];B[od]))
(;B[nb]C[Black 19 is a mistake.];W[ra]C[White 20 is the tesuji; Black loses.]))
(;W[pb];B[nc]))
(;W[qb];B[pc]LB[pb:a][od:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pb];B[od];W[rc];B[ob];W[rd];B[nc])
(;W[od]C[White 16 is a mistake.];B[pb];W[ob];B[rb];W[oe]LB[ph:a][nf:b]C[Black continues at 'a' or 'b'. White has a heavy eyeless group to contend with.]
(;B[ph])
(;B[nf]))))
(;W[pc];B[rb];W[rd];B[rc]LB[qg:a][pb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[qg];B[pb];W[ob];B[pa]LB[nd:a][pg:b]C[White 'a' looks good, but doesn't work. White minimizes dmaage by giving up the four stones and playing 'b'.]
(;W[nd];B[ne];W[md];B[me];W[lc];B[kc];W[kb];B[kd];W[jb];B[qi]LB[mc:a][oe:b]C[The cutting point of 'a' makes Black 'b sente, so Black can play the attack at 27.])
(;W[pg];B[ne];W[og];B[nf];W[kc];B[lc];W[lb]LB[mb:a][kd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b', depending on strategic considerations. Black 'a' captures the four White stones, while Black 'b' let's White live while giving Black thickness.]
(;B[mb];W[kb];B[ma];W[kd]C[White 28 is sente. Black must respond to solidify his shape.])
(;B[kd];W[kb];B[jc];W[jb];B[ic];W[mc];B[md];W[nc]C[White lives, but Black has thickness.])))
(;W[pb]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[qf]))
(;W[rd]LB[rc:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[rc];W[pc]LB[rb:a][qf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[rb]LB[qg:a][pb:b]C[This position is the same as 2-1-8-3-1-1-1-3-2 (the previous variation). White continues with 'a', not 'b'.])
(;B[qf];W[rb]C[Black can now be captured.]))
(;B[pc]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[od];B[ob];W[nb];B[pb];W[mc];B[qf];W[rc];B[rb];W[sb];B[qa];W[rf];B[rg]
;W[ra]LB[qg:a]C[Usually this would be unreasonable for White, except that in this circumstance White has the ko threat of 'a'.]))))
(;B[re]C[Black crawls along the "line of defeat" (the second line).];W[qf];B[rf];W[qg]))
(;W[pf]C[White 6 results in a loss locally.];B[qe]LB[nf:a][qf:b]C[White 'a' is not very good, but White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[nf];B[qg])
(;W[qf];B[pe];W[oe];B[of];W[ne];B[og]LB[mf:a][qh:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai for Black.])))
(;B[qe]C[Black 5 is terrible.];W[qc];B[rc];W[qb];B[pg]C[To make matters worse, White has sente.]))
(;W[pe]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pd:a][qe:b]
(;B[pd];W[od];B[oe]LB[md:a][qe:b][pf:c][ne:d]C[White 'a' is joseki. White 'b' and 'c' are unreasonable, as Black lives in the corner and White is left with split groups. White 'd' is a mistake.]
(;W[md]LB[of:a][le:b][ne:c][pf:d]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. Black 'd' is a mistake.]
(;B[of];W[me]LB[qg:a][dp:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Playing elsewhere is a mistake.]
(;B[qg]LB[lc:a][dp:b]C[White continues at 'a'. White should not play elsewhere ('b').]
(;W[lc])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere, a mistake.];B[lc]LB[mc:a][cq:b]C[White continues with 'a'. Playing elsewhere ('b') is a mistake.]
(;W[mc]LB[pb:a][ic:b]C[Black continues at 'a'. Black 'b' and White settles himself.]
(;B[pb])
(;B[ic];W[qb]))
(;W[cq]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[mc])))
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[re]LB[qg:a][qe:b]C[Black continues at 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qg]LB[rd:a][qe:b]C[White continues at 'a', not 'b'.]
(;W[rd];B[qe];W[qc])
(;W[qe]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[rd]))
(;B[qe]C[Black 13 is a mistake.];W[pf])))
(;B[le];W[of];B[ne];W[me];B[nf];W[mf];B[ng];W[lc];B[pf];W[lf])
(;B[ne];W[me];B[pf]LB[lc:a][dp:b][nf:c]C[White continues with 'a'. It is a serious mistake to play elsewhere ('b'). White 'c' is unreasonable.]
(;W[lc]LB[mf:a][dp:b]C[Black continues with 'a', or plays elsewhere 'b'.]
(;B[mf];W[lf];B[lg];W[kf];B[mg])
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[nf];B[of];W[ng];B[ph];W[ni]))
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere, a mistake.];B[mc]LB[nd:a][lc:b]C[White continues at 'a'. White 'b' is worse.]
(;W[nd];B[jd])
(;W[lc];B[lb];W[kc];B[nd]))
(;W[nf];B[mf]LB[lc:a]C[Without the White stone at 'a', Black can cut.]))
(;B[pf]C[Black 9 is a mistake, as it gives White good shape.];W[ne];B[of];W[le]))
(;W[qe];B[re]LB[rf:a][rd:b]C[White can try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[rf];B[rd];W[pg];B[pc])
(;W[rd];B[rc];W[qc];B[sd];W[pc];B[rd];W[pg];B[ne]LB[qg:a][rb:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qg];B[qb];W[pb];B[rb];W[lb];B[kb])
(;W[rb];B[qg];W[pf];B[ph])))
(;W[pf];B[ne];W[qb];B[rf];W[qg];B[rb];W[pb];B[rg];W[qi];B[rc];W[lb];B[kb]LB[lc:a][kc:b]C[White tries to live with 'a' or gets captured with 'b'.]

(;W[lc];B[kc];W[nb];B[mc];W[mb];B[kd];W[la];B[og])
(;W[kc];B[mb];W[lc];B[mc];W[kd];B[le]))
(;W[ne]C[White 8 is a mistake.];B[of];W[md];B[le]LB[lc:a][nf:b]C[White continues with 'a' to settle himself. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[lc])
(;W[nf]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[og];W[ng];B[oh];W[id];B[lg]LB[nh:a]C[After Black 17, White must play 'a', making matters worse.];W[nh];B[oi])))
(;B[qe]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pf:a][pg:b]
(;W[pf];B[qg];W[jd]LB[lf:a][ne:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[lf];W[nf])
(;B[ne];W[pd]LB[pg:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' for thickness, 'b' for territory.]
(;B[pg];W[qf];B[rf];W[qc];B[og];W[rc])
(;B[qc];W[pg];B[qh]C[White continues by attacking the two black stones.])))
(;W[pg];B[pf];W[of];B[qf];W[ng];B[pc];W[nd]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[id:a][oh:b]
(;B[id];W[qg])
(;B[oh]C[Black 13 prevents White from block on the right side, at the expense of being thin from Black 3.];W[og];B[qh];W[jd];B[lf];W[jf];B[lh];W[ph];B[qi];W[oj]))))
(;W[of]LB[qg:a][oe:b][pg:c][od:d]C[White 4 can be considered orthodox. Black responses range from 'a' to 'd'.]
(;B[qg]LB[id:a][jd:b][ph:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[id];B[mf]C[White continues with 'a' to 'd'.]LB[qc:a][pd:b][nd:c][pe:d]
(;W[qc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rc:a][pd:b]
(;B[rc]LB[pd:a][qf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a trick play.]
(;W[pd]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qe:a][qb:b]
(;B[qe]LB[pf:a][qb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pf]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qf:a][qb:b]
(;B[qf];W[qb];B[nd];W[od])
(;B[qb];W[qf];B[rf];W[pc];B[rd];W[oh];B[nd];W[oe];B[qi]))
(;W[qb]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[oe];W[pe];B[pf];W[pg];B[qf];W[ne];B[og];W[nf];B[ng];W[nd]C[White must play 22. Letting Black play 22 is terrible.]))
(;B[qb];W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc]LB[qf:a][oe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[qf];B[od];W[nd];B[pe];W[pf];B[ne];W[qi]LB[oe:a]C[White leaving the cut at 'a' until necessary is correct.])
(;W[oe];B[ob];W[nc];B[mb];W[ph])))
(;W[qf]LB[pc:a][rf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pc];W[pg];B[od];W[qh])
(;B[rf]C[Black 11 is just what White wants.];W[qe];B[re];W[pd];B[rd];W[nd])))
(;B[pd]C[Black's strategy is to build thickness. White gets profit in sente.];W[pc];B[od];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[nd]))
(;W[pd]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qe:a][qc:b]
(;B[qe];W[qc];B[rc]LB[pf:a]C[This position is the same as 2-1-8-5-1-1-1-1-1-1. See that variation for continuation (at 'a').])
(;B[qc];W[qe];B[re];W[rf];B[qf];W[pe];B[rd];W[oh]LB[pi:a][mh:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[pi])
(;B[mh];W[qh]LB[rg:a][rh:b]C[Black 'a' is correct. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[rg];W[oj])
(;B[rh];W[qi]))))
(;W[nd]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[jf:a][pd:b]
(;B[jf];W[qc];B[rc];W[pd];B[qe];W[qb]LB[og:a][oe:b]C[Black can play 'a', but because of the diagonal move (White 8), Black cannot play 'b'.]
(;B[og]C[Black 15 seals White in, but White lives comfortably.])
(;B[oe]C[Black 15 is a mistake.];W[pe];B[pf];W[nf]))
(;B[pd]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way.];W[le];B[me];W[md];B[ke];W[lc];B[lf];W[kc]))
(;W[pe]C[White 8 was invented by Sakata Eio.];B[qe];W[ph];B[pg];W[og];B[oh];W[nh];B[oi];W[mg]))
(;W[jd];B[lf]LB[qc:a][pd:b][ph:c][oh:d]C[White 'a' or 'b' follow.  For 'a', see variation 2-1-8-1. For 'b', see variation 2-1-8-3. These moves give the same result as other variations. 

White 'c' is possible. White 'd'is not recommended..]
(;W[ph]LB[pg:a][qh:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is weak.]
(;B[pg];W[og]LB[oh:a][pe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oh];W[qe]LB[pd:a][od:b][re:c][nh:d]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'd'.]
(;B[pd];W[qf];B[od];W[qh])
(;B[od]LB[qh:a][nd:b][pf:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake. 

White 'c' was played by Otake Hideo against Rin Kaiho in a 1973 Japanese TV game. White ends up taking a small corner, giving Black superior thickness.]
(;W[qh];B[rg];W[pd];B[pe];W[pf];B[pc];W[qf];B[nc];W[rh])
(;W[nd];B[pe];W[pf];B[qf])
(;W[pf];B[pi];W[pd];B[pc];W[nd];B[pe];W[oe];B[pd];W[qf];B[qh];W[pb];B[ob];W[rd]
;B[nc];W[qc];B[oc];W[rb];B[pa];W[qb]))
(;B[re]C[This was the most common response when this pattern first appeared.];W[pe]LB[rf:a][pi:b][rd:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. White 'a' and 'c' are peaceful, while 'b' is fierce.]
(;B[rf];W[qc]C[White 16 is painful for Black to endure.];B[rd];W[mg];B[oi];W[nh];B[jf])
(;B[pi]C[Black 15 results in a severe fight.];W[nh];B[oi];W[rf];B[rd];W[qf];B[pc])
(;B[rd]LB[mg:a][pi:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[mg];B[pi];W[nh];B[oi]LB[jf:a][ke:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[jf];B[lg];W[lh];B[jg];W[ke]LB[kh:a][le:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[kh];W[le];B[mf];W[me];B[li];W[mh];B[ni])
(;B[le];W[kg];B[kf];W[kh];B[jc];W[ic];B[id];W[je]C[Black will not be able to make a live group with top center stones.]))
(;W[ke]C[White 20 is not recommended.];B[le];W[kg];B[jc];W[ic];B[id];W[ie];B[hd];W[kc];B[jb];W[kd];B[kb];W[lc]
;B[lb];W[mc];B[gc]C[White is over-concentrated.]))
(;W[pi];B[nh];W[me]LB[mf:a][le:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[mf];W[le];B[ke];W[kd];B[ne];W[md];B[nd];W[mc];B[nc])
(;B[le]C[Black 19 is a mistake.];W[mg]))))
(;B[nh];W[pd];B[re];W[rd];B[qc];W[qf];B[rf];W[rc];B[pi]))
(;B[pe];W[oe];B[oh];W[pj];B[nh];W[qh]
(;B[nd];W[od];B[qc];W[re];B[rf];W[pf];B[qe];W[rh];B[qf];W[pb];B[qb]LB[mc:a][mg:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]

(;W[mc]LB[lc:a][mg:b]C[If Black 'a', White can break through. If Black 'b', White 'a', and White makes life.])
(;W[mg]C[White 28 is a mistake in order.];B[ng];W[mc];B[mf];W[lc];B[kc]))
(;B[od];W[nd];B[pd])))
(;B[qh]C[Black 9 is timid.];W[pi];B[qi];W[pj];B[qk];W[pe];B[qe];W[jf]))
(;W[oh]C[White 'd' incites an attack by Black.];B[oe];W[ne];B[nd];W[pe];B[od];W[pd];B[pf];W[qe]LB[og:a][pc:b]C[Black continues at 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[og];W[pc];B[nf])
(;B[pc]LB[qc:a][pg:b]C[White can play 'a' to take the corner or 'b' for outside thickness.]
(;W[qc]C[White goes for the corner.];B[pb];W[rd];B[og]LB[nh:a][nf:b]C[White can play a forcing move at 'a'. White 'b' doesn't work.]
(;W[nh])
(;W[nf]C[White 22 is unreasonable.];B[ng];W[md];B[nc];W[mc];B[nb];W[me];B[lc]))
(;W[pg]C[White goes for thickness.];B[re];W[qf];B[rf];W[pf];B[qc];W[md];B[nc];W[mc];B[nb];W[mf];B[mb];W[lc]
))))
(;W[ph]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qh:a][pg:b]
(;B[qh];W[pi];B[qi];W[pj];B[qk]LB[pe:a][id:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pe];B[qe];W[id])
(;W[id]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[oe];W[ne];B[nd];W[pe];B[od];W[pd];B[pf];W[qe];B[pc];W[qc];B[pb]LB[rd:a][nc:b]

(;W[rd];B[ob])
(;W[nc];B[md];W[qb];B[re];W[rd];B[qf];W[qd];B[og];W[nf];B[mg];W[ng];B[nh];W[oh]
;B[mf];W[pg];B[me];W[og];B[ni])))
(;B[pg];W[og];B[oh]LB[pj:a][pi:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pj]LB[nh:a][pi:b]C[Black continues at 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[nh];W[qh];B[rh];W[ri];B[rg];W[mf];B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[qc];B[rc];W[qe]LB[re:a][pd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]

(;B[re];W[pd];B[rd])
(;B[pd];W[re]LB[qi:a]C[Black has the cut at 'a' to live, but White has the better of it.]))
(;B[pi]AW[pp]C[Black 11 is not recommended, but there are circumstances where it may work. For analysis sake, assume a lower right White corner stone as shown.];W[oi];B[qh];W[nh];B[oj];W[ph];B[qi]LB[nj:a][pl:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[nj];B[ok];W[nk];B[ol]LB[id:a][nm:b]C[White continues with a pincer around 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[id];B[nl]
(;W[ml];B[mm];W[nm])
(;W[mq];B[ll];W[jg]C[White plays on a large scale.]))
(;W[nm]AW[cc]AB[co][dq]C[Yoshio Ishida played White 22 against Rin Kaiho in the 5th game of the 1973 12th Meijin Title match. White 22 is too mild, according to Ishida.];B[om];W[on];B[pn];W[nn];B[hc]C[Black 27 gives Black the advantage.];W[iq];B[nl];W[ml];B[qm]
;W[po];B[jp];W[ip];B[jo];W[io];B[jn];W[kr];B[in];W[qn];B[pm];W[rn];B[rm];W[jc]
;B[jd];W[kc];B[kd];W[lc];B[ic];W[lm];B[gn];W[cj];B[pc];W[ob];B[mc];W[mb];B[jb]
;W[kb];B[ka];W[lb];B[nc];W[md];B[nd];W[od];B[nb];W[ib];B[na];W[ja];B[ne];W[pd]
;B[hb];W[ia];B[re];W[qc];B[rc];W[pf];B[qb];W[df];B[cl];W[ej];B[ec];W[ed];B[dc]
;W[cd];B[rp];W[qq];B[gq];W[go];B[jk];W[kg];B[ig];W[ih];B[hh];W[ii];B[jg];W[kh]
;B[hi];W[ij];B[gg];W[eo];B[fn];W[hn];B[hm];W[ho];B[gl];W[fo];B[dp];W[dm];B[cm]
;W[hj];B[dl];W[il];B[ik];W[hk];B[jl];W[kf];B[ie];W[hl];B[im];W[km];B[jm];W[el]
;B[fl];W[em];B[fj];W[do];B[gj];W[er];B[fr];W[eq];B[dr];W[fq];B[es];W[ro];B[lk]
;W[kj];B[mk];W[kk];B[ll];W[kl];B[mm];W[lo];B[mi];W[mf];B[lp];W[mq];B[mp];W[np]
;B[lq];W[mr];B[lr];W[ls];B[jq];W[ir];B[jr];W[js];B[so];W[sn];B[sm];W[sp];B[bk]
;W[bj];B[cb];W[bb];B[db];W[me];B[oa];W[fi];B[gi];W[cp];B[bo];W[gr];B[fs];W[gs]
;B[ds];W[is];B[ba];W[bc];B[dd];W[de];B[ee];W[ef];B[ha];W[la];B[fe];W[pb];B[pa]
;W[fh];B[fg];W[eg];B[aj]C[White resigns.]))
(;W[pl]LB[nj:a][pk:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[nj];W[qj];B[lh]LB[ni:a][pn:b]C[White is surronded, facing hard fighting. Black 'a' helps keep White in, and later Black can look to the invasion at 'b'.])
(;B[pk]C[Black 19 is a mistake.];W[ok];B[qj];W[nj]))))
(;W[pi]C[White 10 is too slow.];B[nh];W[mf];B[ok]LB[qh:a]C[The attack of Black 13 illustrates the problem with White 10. White 'a' is usually sente, but not a good play now.]))))
(;B[oe]LB[ne:a][qf:b]C[White 'a' is typical, but White 'b' is conceivable if White greatly favors the right side.]
(;W[ne];B[pe]LB[nd:a][mc:b][md:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[nd];B[nf];W[mf];B[ng];W[le]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[og:a][jd:b]
(;B[og];W[kd])
(;B[jd]LB[qf:a][og:b][pg:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is vulgar, but Black must respond carefully. White 'c' is unreasonable.]
(;W[qf]LB[pf:a][og:b][ph:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. 

Black 'b' is a mistake. If Black 'b' worked, White 14 would be a bad play.

Likewise, Black 'c', an attempt to forestall the result of Black 'b', White 'a', does not work.]
(;B[pf];W[og]LB[pg:a][nh:b][oh:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'c' is a mistake.]
(;B[pg];W[oh];B[qi]LB[mh:a][oi:b][oj:c]C[The question now for White is what to do about the two Black stones? White 'a' gives Black the play at 'b'. White 'b' (instead of 'a') or 'c' are possibilities.]
(;W[mh];B[oi];W[nh])
(;W[oi])
(;W[oj]))
(;B[nh]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pg:a][oh:b]
(;W[pg];B[qg];W[qh];B[rg];W[oi];B[rh];W[qi];B[ri];W[qj];B[ni];W[oj])
(;W[oh];B[oi];W[qg]LB[pg:a][qh:b][pi:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake, as is 'c'.]
(;B[pg];W[ph];B[qh];W[pi];B[rh];W[ni];B[lg];W[oj];B[ke];W[rc]LB[qe:a][qc:b]C[White 30 is the tesuji to enable White to live in the corner. Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b', resisting, means death.]
(;B[qe];W[qc])
(;B[qc];W[qe];B[pd];W[rd];B[rb];W[qb]C[The familiar sacrifice and false eye tesuji.];B[pb];W[qa];B[ra];W[pc];B[pa];W[qb];B[qa]
;W[od];B[qb];W[sb]))
(;B[qh];W[pi])
(;B[pi]C[Black 21 is a mistake.];W[qh];B[qi];W[rd];B[rc];W[re];B[qc];W[qe];B[pd];W[ri];B[rj];W[si]C[White is almost alive, and Black's corner stones are destined to be dead.]
)))
(;B[oh]C[Black 17 is a mistake.];W[pg];B[ph];W[qg];B[qh]CR[rd]C[White cannot play the point to the right of Black 1 (the dotted point) because of shortage of liberties.];W[qe];B[pd];W[rd];B[rc];W[re];B[qc]
;W[rh];B[ri];W[rg];B[qj];W[sf]C[As before, Black's corner stones die.]))
(;B[og]C[Black 15 doesn't work.];W[pf];B[qh];W[rd];B[rc];W[re];B[qc];W[qe];B[pd];W[rh];B[ri];W[rg];B[qi]
;W[sf]C[Black's corner stones die.])
(;B[ph];W[pf];B[qh];W[rd];B[rc];W[re];B[qc];W[qe];B[pd];W[pb]C[White is once again one move ahead in the race to capture.]))
(;W[og];B[oh];W[pg];B[ph];W[qg]LB[qi:a][qh:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qi];W[ri];B[rj];W[nh];B[mg];W[qh];B[pj];W[ni]C[White can struggle, but should not be able to succeed.])
(;B[qh]C[Black 19 is a mistake.];W[rh];B[ri];W[rf];B[sh];W[rg];B[qj];W[rd];B[rc];W[qe]C[White succeeds owing to Black needing to play 25 to protect against the cut.]))
(;W[pg];B[ph];W[qh];B[pi]LB[qi:a][qg:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai.])))
(;W[mc];B[nf];W[me]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[og:a][ng:b]
(;B[og];W[mf];B[ng]LB[kb:a][dp:b]C[White 'a' is the most solid continuation. Playing elsewhere ('b') is also possible.]
(;W[kb])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[lc]LB[mb:a][cq:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b', playing elsewhere, is conceivable, and results in ko.]
(;W[mb];B[pb]C[White playing elsewhere with 14 is not recommended if this is the outcome of Black 15. White has a tough fight ahead in the center while Black should be able to make profit.])
(;W[cq]C[White plays a second move elsewhere.];B[mb];W[nb];B[md];W[nd])))
(;B[ng];W[id]LB[qf:a]C[White aims at 'a'.];B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[qf];B[pf];W[og];B[ph]C[Black can only play 17 with a favorable ladder.];W[oh];B[oi];W[nh];B[pg]
;W[mh]))
(;W[md]LB[nf:a][le:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is just what White wants.]
(;B[nf]LB[le:a][mf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is exceptionally bad.]
(;W[le];B[mf];W[kd];B[og];W[lc])
(;W[mf];B[ng];W[mg];B[nh];W[lc];B[mh]))
(;B[le]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[nf];B[qg];W[id];B[lg];W[oi])))
(;W[qf];B[nf];W[pf]LB[od:a][ne:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[od];W[ng];B[mg];W[nh])
(;B[ne];W[qj];B[pb])))
(;B[pg]LB[og:a][pf:b][qe:c]C[Black 5 is provacative. White continues with 'a' or 'b', but White must have the ladder to play 'b'. White 'c' is bad timing.]
(;W[og]LB[pf:a][ph:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is an overplay.]
(;B[pf]LB[oh:a][pe:b][oe:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' and 'c' are mistakes.]
(;W[oh];B[oe];W[ne];B[nd];W[od];B[pe];W[md]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nc:a][me:b]
(;B[nc];W[mc];B[nb];W[me]LB[ob:a][mb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[ob];W[ph])
(;B[mb]LB[lc:a][lb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' leaves flaws in White's thickness.]
(;W[lc];B[lb];W[kc]C[White 22 gives White excellent thickness.];B[qi])
(;W[lb]C[White 20 is unnecessary resistance.];B[lc];W[kb];B[ob];W[ke];B[qi];W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[le]C[Black 27 is reckless. Black captures the two white stones, but gives White a wall of thickness.];W[lf];B[mf];W[nf];B[kf]
;W[lg];B[kd];W[je];B[jd];W[id];B[ie];W[jf];B[ic];W[hd];B[jc];W[hc];B[jb])))
(;B[me];W[nc];B[nf];W[nd];B[lf];W[lc];B[kd];W[kc];B[jd];W[ic];B[qi];W[mg];B[mf]
;W[kh]))
(;W[pe]LB[qc:a]C[White 8 looks reasonable, but superfluous and loses White the good play at 'a'.];B[qe];W[oh];B[ph];W[oi];B[qj];W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[od]C[The consequence of White 8 is that Black can attack.];W[nd];B[ne])
(;W[oe]C[White 8 is timid, giving Black a superior position. ];B[ph]C[In a professional game Black would have a decided advantage due to White 8.]))
(;B[ph]C[Black 'b' is a mistake.];W[qe];B[pd];W[pf];B[od];W[oh]LB[mc:a][pi:b]C[Black continues with 'a' to capture White 2. Black 'b' is greedy and lets White 2 into play.]
(;B[mc];W[pj]C[White's thickness compensates for the loss of the corner.])
(;B[pi]C[Black 13 is a mistake.];W[ok];B[qk];W[nd]LB[ne:a][nc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b', neither good.]
(;B[ne];W[nc]LB[me:a][oe:b][lb:c]C[If Black 'a' or 'b', White 'c'.])
(;B[nc];W[mc];B[nb];W[md];B[ob]))))
(;W[pf]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.];B[qf];W[qg];B[qh];W[rg]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rf:a][rh:b]
(;B[rf];W[rh];B[qi]LB[qc:a][ph:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[qc]LB[pd:a][rc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pd];W[pc];B[ri];W[og];B[ph];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[id]LB[od:a][ne:b]C[Note that, because of shortage of liberties, Black cannot separate White with 'a' or 'b'.])
(;B[rc]C[Black 15 is just what White hopes for.];W[pd];B[re];W[ph];B[og];W[pi]LB[nf:a][qj:b]C[If now Black 'a', White 'b' is good enough.]))
(;W[ph]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[og];W[pi];B[nf];W[qj];B[oe]))
(;B[rh]LB[og:a][rf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is also possible, but in that variation Black gains outstanding thickness.]
(;W[og];B[ph];W[qe];B[rf];W[re];B[sg];W[pd])
(;W[rf];B[qe];W[ph];B[og];W[ng];B[oh];W[pi];B[nh];W[qi];B[nf];W[ne];B[mg];W[od]
;B[me];W[qb];B[re];W[ri];B[rb];W[pb];B[rc];W[lb];B[ra])))
(;W[qe]C[Black 6 is a move before its time.];B[pd];W[pf];B[od];W[qg];B[mc]C[White 6 & 10 are over-concentrated.]))
(;B[od]C[Black 5 only works when Black is strong in this area.];W[nd]LB[pc:a][oe:b][ne:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake. Black 'c' is strange but possible; Black must have the ladder to play this way.]
(;B[pc];W[oe];B[pd]LB[nb:a][mf:b][md:c][me:d]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'. White must have the ladder to play 'a'. White 'd' is a mistake.]
(;W[nb]LB[ne:a][me:b]C[White 10 is correct shape, but White needs the ladder at 'a' (Black 'a', White 'b') to play this way. If so, Black should not have chosen this joseki (so this variation is moot).];B[ne]C[If White does not have the ladder (this is not joseki).];W[me];B[nf];W[md];B[og]C[The worst that can happen is a seki in the corner.];W[pb];B[qb];W[pf];B[pg]
;W[qf];B[qg];W[rg];B[rh];W[re];B[sg];W[rf];B[ng];W[rc];B[rd];W[sd];B[rb];W[sb]
;B[pa];W[ob];B[ra];W[se];B[lc]C[Black plays to bring White's 7 stones under attack. White's disadvantage is obvious.])
(;W[mf]LB[nc:a][ob:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or the interesting move at 'b'.]
(;B[nc];W[mc]LB[ob:a][md:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;B[ob];W[md];B[mb];W[lc])
(;B[md];W[nb];B[ne];W[nc];B[nf];W[ng];B[me];W[og];B[kc];W[pb];B[qb];W[kb];B[jb]
;W[lb];B[jc];W[qa];B[ra];W[pa];B[rc]))
(;B[ob];W[nc];B[nb]LB[mc:a][lc:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai.]))
(;W[md]LB[le:a][lc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[le];W[mf];B[qg]LB[nb:a][hd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b' or elsewhere depending on the situation.])
(;B[lc];W[mc];B[qg];W[le];B[ke];W[lf];B[jd]))
(;W[me]C[White 10 is a mistake.];B[nc];W[mc];B[ob]LB[nb:a][md:b]C[White plays 'a' for a ko, or 'b' if White cannot hope to win the ko.]
(;W[nb];B[qg]LB[md:a]C[Black waits for the right time to start the ko at 'a'.])
(;W[md];B[mb];W[lc]LB[mf:a]C[From this position it is clear that White 10 would be better at 'a'.])))
(;B[oe]C[Black 7 is vulgar.];W[ne]LB[nc:a][nf:b]C[Black now has a liberties problem. Black cuts at 'a' or 'b'. The Black cut at 'a' leads to more variations than the cut at 'b'.]
(;B[nc];W[mc];B[nb]LB[ob:a][lc:b][md:c][pc:d]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'. White 'd' is unreasonable.]
(;W[ob];B[mb];W[lc]LB[pc:a][lb:b]C[Black continues with 'a', or the severe move at 'b'.]
(;B[pc];W[nf]LB[md:a][pb:b][lb:c]C[The drawback to this position for White is the Black cut at 'a'. White has a strong position to fight from, but this may change as the board develops.

The advantage is that later White can later play 'b' after Black plays elsewhere.

Black 'c' is a mistake.]
(;B[md];W[lb];B[pb];W[kd];B[le];W[jc])
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[pb];B[qb];W[qe])
(;B[lb];W[kc]LB[md:a]C[White 18 prevents the cut at 'a', and allows White tough response to Black on the right side.];B[qf];W[qg];B[rg];W[pf];B[qe];W[qh]C[Black is too low]))
(;B[lb];W[kc];B[nf]LB[mf:a][qb:b]C[White 'a' is correct, though the continuation is tricky. White 'b' is premature.]
(;W[mf];B[ng];W[qb];B[kb];W[jc];B[mg];W[le];B[lf];W[me];B[ke];W[md];B[jb];W[ic]LB[rc:a][rb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]

(;B[rc];W[rb];B[sb]LB[pf:a][pc:b]C[White must figure out the best way to sacrifice the four White stones. White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pf];B[qe];W[qf];B[rf];W[rg];B[pc];W[pb];B[re];W[ib]LB[na:a][oa:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' makes a ko.]
(;B[na]C[Black 43 ensures a one-move win.];W[ph]C[White's loss in the corner is compensated for by profit from attacking Black in the center.])
(;B[oa]C[Black 43 creates a ko situation.];W[na]))
(;W[pc]C[White 34 doesn't work as planned.];B[pd];W[pa];B[ib]LB[ra:a][hc:b]C[Living with 'a' is small, while Black 'b' is bad for White.]))
(;B[rb];W[qc];B[rc];W[pd];B[pe];W[qe];B[pc];W[pf]))
(;W[qb];B[md];W[me];B[kd]LB[jc:a][mf:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai. This is what White must guard against (and does so in the other variation). From here, White is lost.])))
(;W[lc];B[ob];W[nf])
(;W[md];B[ob];W[ng])
(;W[pc]C[White 12, refusing to sacrifice White 2, is a mistake.];B[mb];W[pd];B[pe];W[qe];B[pf]LB[rd:a][qf:b]C[White continues with 'a', or slightly better, 'b'.]
(;W[rd];B[qf];W[re];B[nf];W[me];B[og]LB[lc:a][md:b]C[White 'a' is impossible because of Black 'b'. The White center stones are a burden and there is no good way to use them.])
(;W[qf];B[pg];W[rd];B[qg];W[nf];B[md];W[nh];B[re];W[qc];B[rf];W[ob];B[pj]C[White's corner territory is barely 10 points.])))
(;B[nf];W[pc]LB[qc:a][qe:b][mf:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is mild. Black 'c' is not recommended.]
(;B[qc];W[og];B[pd]LB[mc:a][mf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[mc];B[mf];W[kc]LB[qf:a]C[White 'a' is sente.])
(;W[mf];B[nc]C[The two White stones are wasted.]))
(;B[qe];W[qc])
(;B[mf];W[pd];B[pe];W[qe];B[pf];W[qf];B[pg];W[mc];B[qg];W[rd]C[White's profit exceeds Black influence.])))
(;B[ne]LB[pd:a][oe:b]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way. White continues at 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pd];B[oe];W[pe];B[pc];W[qc];B[pb];W[qe]
(;B[nc];W[qb];B[ob];W[pg])
(;B[qb];W[rc]LB[pf:a]C[Black has lost the cut at 'a'.]))
(;W[oe]C[White 8 is a mistake.];B[pd];W[me];B[nc];W[nf];B[mc]))))
(;W[oe]LB[pf:a][qg:b]C[White 4 is standard with the one-space pincer, high or low, but it is not played with the low two- or three-space pincer. White 4 reflects a special strategy by White. Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pf]LB[qc:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is stupid.]
(;W[qc]LB[rc:a][pd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[rc]LB[qb:a][pd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake in this case.]
(;W[qb]LB[pd:a][qj:b]C[White 8 is important. White continues with 'a', or simply at 'b'. ]
(;B[pd];W[od]LB[qi:a][mf:b][qj:c][pg:d]C[White continues with 'a', 'c' or 'd'. Black 'd' is an old pattern, not recommended, as it strengthens White.]
(;B[qi]LB[qj:a][pg:b]C[Black may play 'a' or 'b' instead of 11.])
(;B[mf];W[ng];B[pg];W[nf];B[qj]C[Black now lacks a good move at top.])
(;B[qj]AB[pq][ce]AW[dp][dc]C[Yoshio Ishida versus Rin Kaiho, 6th game of the 13th Meijin Title, 1974.];W[dh];B[hc];W[lb];B[ed];W[ec];B[fd];W[fc];B[gd]
;W[cd];B[bd];W[bc];B[dd];W[cc];B[fq];W[dn];B[dr];W[cq];B[iq];W[cf];B[be];W[df]
;B[de];W[dk];B[po];W[kd];B[ke];W[je];B[kf];W[jd];B[ef];W[qm];B[of];W[qp];B[qo]
;W[ro];B[rn];W[qi];B[pj];W[rp];B[qn];W[pp];B[op];W[oq];B[qq];W[rq];B[or];W[nq]
;B[np];W[rm];B[rr];W[rj];B[rk];W[rh];B[pl];W[qr];B[pr];W[rs];B[sr];W[mp];B[on]
;W[nr];B[qs];W[qf];B[pe];W[re];B[pc];W[pb];B[rd];W[sk];B[sl];W[sj];B[pi];W[ph]
;B[sh];W[sg];B[rg];W[qk];B[qg];W[pk];B[ok];W[ql];B[sm];W[pm];B[mo];W[rl];B[sn]
;W[qh];B[sf];W[ni];B[oj];W[pg];B[se];W[ng];B[nf];W[om];B[nm];W[nl];B[ol];W[nn]
;B[mm];W[so];B[lp];W[nk];B[lc];W[kb];B[mb];W[mc];B[nc];W[nb];B[md];W[ma];B[ib]
;W[jb];B[gb];W[fb];B[fo];W[jf];B[ac];W[ab];B[eh];W[di];B[cr];W[br];B[kg];W[jg]
;B[fm];W[kh];B[mg];W[ip];B[jq];W[bg];B[gi];W[hj];B[gj];W[hi];B[gk];W[hk];B[hh]
;W[ih];B[hg];W[hm];B[dm];W[cm];B[cn];W[em];B[en];W[do];B[el];W[dl];B[dq];W[bp]
;B[in];W[hn];B[ho];W[io];B[im];W[hp];B[go];W[kn];B[jo];W[lo];B[ln];W[jn];B[il]
;W[jl];B[jp];W[ik];B[hq];W[hl];B[gp];W[ko];B[mq];W[ll];B[lh];W[li];B[mi];W[lj]
;B[ki];W[jh];B[mj];W[nj];B[lk];W[kj];B[kk];W[jj];B[mk];W[cs];B[ek]C[Black wins by resignation.]))
(;B[qj]LB[qe:a][dp:b][pd:c]C[White could attack at 'a', or play elsewhere ('b'). White 'c', prompting Black 'a', it weak.]
(;W[qe];B[pe];W[rd];B[pd];W[re];B[od];W[nc];B[nd]C[Black's thickness is better than White's profit.])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[pe]C[Black 11 is the recommended follow-up locally.])
(;W[pd]C[White gives Black a "thank-you" move.];B[qe])))
(;W[pd];B[qe];W[qb];B[qj]LB[nd:a]C[White 4 is wrongly placed. It should be at 'a'.]))
(;B[pd]C[Black 7 is a mistake.];W[pc];B[od];W[nd];B[ne];W[me];B[nf];W[md]))
(;W[of];B[pg]C[White makes Black crawl along the fourth line, the "line of victory".]))
(;B[qg]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qc:a][pf:b]
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[qb]LB[pd:a][nd:b]C[Black normally plays 'a', but 'b' is playable.]
(;B[pd];W[od]LB[qi:a][dp:b]C[Black must reinforce at 'a', so is dissatisfied. Playing elsewhere ('b') is a mistake.]
(;B[qi])
(;B[dp];W[re];B[rd];W[qf];B[pf];W[rg];B[qh];W[rh]LB[pe:a][qi:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black cannot play 'b'.]
(;B[pe];W[qi])
(;B[qi]C[Black 19 is unreasonable.];W[pe];B[qe];W[rf];B[ri];W[rb])))
(;B[nd];W[od];B[re];W[lb]LB[mb:a]C[White 12 at 'a' is also feasible.]))
(;W[pf]C[White gets settled quickly, but he should only play this way when driven by necessity, as all the subtlety is taken out of the position.];B[qf];W[qc];B[rc];W[pd];B[qe];W[qb])))
(;W[me]LB[od:a][pf:b][qg:c][le:d][nd:e][md:f]C[White 4 is typical of the severity of modern Go. White must have a position in the top-left corner to play this way. Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. Black 'd' indicates a special strategy. Black 'e' and 'f' are unreasonable.]
(;B[od]LB[md:a][pd:b][nc:c][nd:d]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'. White 'd' is a mistake.]
(;W[md]LB[pc:a][nc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is vulgar.]
(;B[pc]LB[ob:a][nc:b][lc:c][oe:d]C[White continues with 'a'. 

White 'b' is a bit heavy. 

White 'c' is the old joseki pattern. White 'c' is less favorable because White does not get as much territory as in variation 'a'. 

White 'd' is not recommended, as it results in a relatively insecure position for White.]
(;W[ob]LB[mc:a][pb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is submissive.]
(;B[mc]LB[nd:a][lc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' looks better than it is.]
(;W[nd]LB[oe:a][nc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended, as it gives White favorable thickness in return for capturing two stones.]
(;B[oe];W[lc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[kc:a][pb:b]
(;B[kc];W[lb];B[kd];W[mb])
(;B[pb]LB[kc:a][dp:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White cannot afford to play elsewhere.]
(;W[kc];B[jc]C[This is a follow-on (1-177).];W[jd];B[id])
(;W[dp];B[mb];W[lb];B[kd]LB[jc:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[jc];B[na]LB[nc:a][oa:b]C[White must play 'a'. White 'b', Black 'a' and White is captured.];W[nc];B[oa]C[White is split in two.])
(;W[nc]C[White 18 is a mistake.];B[kb];W[nb];B[kc];W[ma]LB[oa:a]C[Black has sente, and can take away White's second eye with 'a'.]))))
(;B[nc];W[oe];B[pd];W[lc];B[lb];W[kc];B[nb];W[na];B[mb];W[kb];B[pb];W[ke]))
(;W[lc];B[lb];W[kc];B[nd];W[mb];B[nc];W[kb];B[nb];W[la]))
(;B[pb]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[oe]LB[pe:a][nd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pe];W[nd]LB[pd:a][og:b]C[If Black 'a', White 'b'. If Black allows White 'a', Black does not have a good reply.])
(;B[nd]C[Black 11 is stolid.];W[ne];B[nc];W[mc];B[nb])))
(;W[nc]C[White 8 is not recommended.];B[oe];W[lc])
(;W[lc];B[nc];W[mc]LB[ob:a][dp:b]C[Black should capture at 'a'. 'b' shows White's follow-up when Black plays elsewhere.]
(;B[ob])
(;B[dp];W[ob];B[nb];W[nd]LB[oe:a][pb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[oe];W[pb];B[qb];W[mb]C[The capture is big, but Black has sente (and has played another move elsewhere as well).])
(;B[pb]C[Black 15 gives White a favorable result.];W[oe];B[pd];W[qf]C[White may continue here or elsewhere as fits the overall board position.])))
(;W[oe];B[nc];W[mc];B[ob]LB[jd:a]C[White has an insecure position. Further, Black has a good follow-up with a play at 'a'.]))
(;B[nc]C[Black 7 is a mistake.];W[mc];B[pc];W[jd]))
(;W[pd];B[pe];W[pc]LB[nd:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. ]
(;B[nd]LB[qe:a][qc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[qe]LB[qc:a][qf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qc];W[qb];B[rb];W[re];B[pb]LB[ob:a][rc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b', a pattern that predates White 'a', is an overplay.]
(;W[ob];B[qa];W[md];B[nc];W[mc];B[nb];W[pf];B[oe]C[This joseki was a favorite of Kajiwara Takeo 9-dan.];W[of]C[Continuation, but White most often switches elsewhere.])
(;W[rc]C[White 16 is not recommended.];B[qa];W[rd];B[qb]LB[md:a][pf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[md];B[nc];W[pf];B[ob])
(;W[pf]C[White 20 is out of order.];B[oe];W[md];B[mc]LB[of:a][lc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[of];B[nc])
(;W[lc];B[nc]))))
(;B[qf]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[re];B[pf];W[rf];B[rg];W[rd]))
(;W[qc]C[White 10 is inconsistent with the aim of sacrificing the three stones in the corner for the outside.];B[re]LB[rd:a][rb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is also possible.]
(;W[rd];B[qe];W[mb];B[md])
(;W[rb];B[of];W[mb];B[md])))
(;B[qc]LB[qe:a][nd:b]C[If White cuts at 'a' and Black extends to 'b', the result is the same as the previous variation.];W[mc];B[oe];W[md];B[qg]))
(;W[nc]LB[pc:a][oe:b]C[White 6 is a bit slack from a shape standpoint, but it avoids complications. White must have the ladder to play this way.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pc];W[oe]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nd:a][pe:b]
(;B[nd];W[md];B[mc];W[ne];B[pd];W[lc];B[mb];W[lb];B[ob];W[ma];B[nb];W[kd])
(;B[pe];W[of];B[pf];W[og];B[pg];W[oh];B[qi]))
(;B[oe];W[pc];B[qc];W[le]))
(;W[nd]C[White 6 is a mistake.];B[oe];W[pc];B[qc];W[le];B[jd];W[lc];B[kc]LB[lb:a][md:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is pathetic.]
(;W[lb])
(;W[md]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[lb];W[kd];B[ke]C[White can't afford to connect, but if he cuts anywhere, the ko is so big that Black will ignore any ko threat.])))
(;B[pf]LB[md:a][qc:b][jd:c][le:d]C[Black 5 emphasizes the right side. White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is a bit unreasonable locally, but may make strategic sense. White 'd' is a mistake.]
(;W[md]LB[qj:a][lc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'b' is a tough-minded move.]
(;B[qj])
(;B[lc]C[White 7 shows fighting spirit.];W[mc];B[pc];W[jd]C[A likely continuation.];B[ke];W[mg]))
(;W[qc]LB[rc:a][pd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' gives White a large corner profit to questionable outside strength.]
(;B[rc];W[pd];B[qe];W[le];B[jd])
(;B[pd];W[pc];B[md]LB[nd:a][od:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[nd];B[ne])
(;W[od];B[oe];W[ne];B[nd]LB[nf:a]C[White 4 should be at 'a'. White is in for a rough ride.])))
(;W[jd]LB[le:a][pc:b]C[Black 'a' takes up the challenge, while Black 'b' is a steady move that avoids fighting for the moment.]
(;B[le];W[lf];B[ke]C[Black 5 is an a good place to give White trouble.])
(;B[pc];W[od];B[ph]))
(;W[le]C[White 6 gives Black a large corner.];B[nd];W[md];B[nc];W[mc];B[nb]LB[jd:a]C[White 6 would be now be better placed at 'a'.]))
(;B[qg]LB[jd:a][pf:b]C[White 'a' and 'b' are possible continuations.]
(;W[jd]LB[pe:a][pf:b][nd:c]C[Because White retains forcing moves at 'a' and 'b', Black cannot play 'c'.])
(;W[pf];B[qf];W[qc];B[rc];W[pd];B[qe];W[jd]LB[jc:a][le:b][lf:c]C[If Black 'b', White 'c' is severe. Rather than fight where White is strong, Black usually tries to settle himself with 'a'.];B[jc]))
(;B[le]C[There is no point in Black 5 unless he has the upper right corner, but White does not make the shoulder hit unless he has strength at the top left. ];W[mf];B[lf]LB[mg:a][qf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'b' is a fighting move.]
(;W[mg];B[kh];W[qf];B[pc];W[pe];B[ob];W[nb];B[nc];W[od];B[mb];W[pb];B[na];W[qc]AW[dd]LB[fc:a][fe:b]C[The result cannot be assessed without accounting for the top-left corner. If White has the top-left star point, the result may be considered equal.  White has no reason for dissatisfaction in this case. If Black 'a', White 'b' negates Black's thickness.

If Black has a favorable position at top-left, White has a tough game ahead.]
)
(;W[qf];B[pe];W[pf];B[oe];W[md];B[of]LB[mg:a]C[If White 'a', White risks losing the two White stones.];W[mg];B[ph]C[White is likely to attack the three Black stones at left.]))
(;B[nd]C[Black 5 is a mistake.];W[pe];B[qe];W[pf];B[qg];W[md])
(;B[md]C[Black 5 is a mistake.];W[nd];B[ne];W[oe];B[nf];W[of];B[ng];W[qf]LB[lf:a]C[Although Black's corner stone retains some aji (potential), Black must ensure capture of White 4 (possibly with a play at 'a').]))
(;W[md]LB[le:a][mc:b][me:c]C[White makes a "belly attachment" to the Black pincer. Locally the play is not advantageous, but may produce a reasonable whole board result. 

Typically the result is a Black wall facing the left side (from Black 3), with White emphasizing the top and right. This is consistent with the proverb "attaching to a stone makes it stronger".

Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[le];W[me];B[lf]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qf:a][mf:b]
(;W[qf];B[pc];W[pe];B[ob];W[nb];B[nc];W[od];B[mb];W[pb];B[na];W[qc]LB[qb:a][dp:b]C[The joseki ends, but Black retains the play at 'a'. Black may also play elsewhere ('b').]

(;B[qb];W[pd]LB[pa:a][rc:b]C[Black is diminishes White's corner. Black 'b' is most tenacious.]
(;B[pa];W[rb];B[pc];W[rc])
(;B[rc];W[pc];B[pa];W[rb];B[ra]C[Black gets a "flower-viewing" ko (nothing to lose).]))
(;B[dp]LB[lc:a]C[Black plays elsewhere. White may try 'a'.];W[lc]LB[kc:a][mc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[kc]LB[mc:a][lb:b]C[White must play 'a'. White 'b' is hopeless.]
(;W[mc];B[lb])
(;W[lb]C[White 22 is a mistake.];B[mc];W[kb];B[jc];W[jb];B[ib]))
(;B[mc];W[kc];B[jd])))
(;W[mf]LB[lg:a][qg:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is timid.]
(;B[lg];W[qf];B[pc];W[ob]LB[pb:a][pf:b]C[Black 'a' is solid. Black 'b' provokes a fight.]
(;B[pb];W[pe];B[rf]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rg:a][re:b]
(;W[rg];B[re];W[qh])
(;W[re];B[qe];W[rd];B[pf]LB[qg:a][pd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[qg];B[oe];W[pg];B[od];W[lc];B[kc];W[of];B[rc];W[rg];B[mc];W[nc];B[mb];W[nd]
)
(;W[pd]C[White 20 is a mistake.];B[qg];W[qc];B[qf];W[qb];B[mg]C[Black 25 is a superb point. White's corner is small, and Black's influence commanding.])))
(;B[pf];W[pe];B[qe];W[pg];B[of];W[qg];B[oe];W[od];B[pd];W[og];B[ng];W[nf];B[pb]
;W[mg];B[nh];W[mh];B[ni];W[pj];B[nk]C[Fighting continues from here.]))
(;B[qg]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[lc];B[kc];W[lg];B[kg];W[kh]C[Black thickness has been erased.])))
(;B[mc]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nd:a][me:b]
(;W[nd])
(;W[me];B[nc];W[od]))
(;B[me]LB[nd:a][pe:b]C[White continues with 'a', possbily 'b'.]
(;W[nd];B[le]LB[pe:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[pe];B[qe];W[pg];B[pf];W[of];B[qf];W[qg];B[og];W[nf];B[oh];W[qi]LB[pc:a][pi:b]C[Black can play 'a', taking th corner, but 'b' is even stronger.]

(;B[pc];W[mg])
(;B[pi];W[rh];B[rg];W[qh];B[mg]LB[lc:a][qb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is premature.]
(;W[lc]C[White 24 is essential.];B[kc];W[qb];B[rb];W[pb];B[ra];W[mb]C[A possible continuation.];B[lb];W[mc]LB[rf:a][dp:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a serious mistake.]
(;B[rf];W[pj];B[mh]LB[jd:a]C[White may extend down the right side, while Black plays at 'a'.])
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere, a grevious error.];W[rc];B[qc];W[sb];B[rd];W[sc]LB[sf:a][sd:b]C[Black must play 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[sf])
(;B[sd];W[rf]C[Black dies with one eye.])))
(;W[qb]C[White 24 is a mistake.];B[pc];W[pb];B[od]LB[nb:a][ne:b]C[White 'a' loses only three stones. White 'b' loses them all.]
(;W[nb];B[ne])
(;W[ne];B[nc];W[ob];B[mc];W[lc];B[lb];W[kc];B[mb]C[Black is one liberty ahead (that's all it ever takes).]))))
(;W[of];B[qg]LB[id:a]C[White has a difficult position. Black has a share of the corner and side, and thickness on the outside. Meanwhile, White will struggle while Black profits at tormenting White.

If White had played 8 (the two-space jump), and Black responded with 9, White would not have played 4, attaching to the pincer stone (3). Instead, White would have played a pincer (such as 'a'). ]))
(;W[pe];B[qe]LB[pf:a][pg:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is also possible, though strategically advanced.]
(;W[pf];B[qf];W[pg];B[nd];W[qg];B[mc];W[od];B[qb]C[White continues with an extension or approach move on the right side.])
(;W[pg]AW[dc][oq][qp]AB[cp][eq][ce]C[1967 (6th) Meijin Title, Game 3: White: Sakata Eio, Honinbo; Black: Rin Kaiho, Meijin];B[qf];W[mc]LB[fd:a][pf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. If Black 'b'....]
(;B[fd]LB[ed:a][de:b]C[White continued with 'a', avoiding a disadvantageous fight with 'b'.]
(;W[ed];B[ee];W[de];B[df];W[dd];B[ef];W[cf];B[be];W[bf];B[bc];W[cc];B[ch];W[bd]
;B[cg];W[ae];B[jp];W[dm];B[ge];W[le];B[pf];W[ne];B[mq];W[eo];B[gp];W[go];B[hp]
;W[cn];B[do];W[dn];B[ck];W[dk];B[dj];W[ej];B[ek];W[dl];B[fj];W[ei];B[gk];W[cj]
;B[di];W[bj];B[qn];W[ql];B[on];W[nq];B[mp];W[qb];B[qi];W[pi];B[qh];W[pj];B[pp]
;W[qq];B[mf];W[ke];B[nd];W[jc];B[qj];W[ol];B[nj];W[nk];B[qo];W[po];B[op];W[np]
;B[oo];W[pq];B[mj];W[mk];B[mo];W[lj];B[li];W[ki];B[mh];W[kj];B[od];W[nc];B[pc]
;W[pb];B[bo];W[lh];B[mi];W[no];B[nn];W[pm];B[pn];W[mm];B[qk];W[pk];B[nr];W[or]
;B[mr];W[rp];B[mn];W[fl];B[fk];W[hh];B[gh];W[mg];B[ng];W[lg];B[nf];W[ph];B[nh]
;W[dq];B[ep];W[dp];B[co];W[cq];B[bq];W[br];B[ar];W[dr];B[cs];W[rk];B[hg];W[ig]
;B[ih];W[hi];B[hf];W[qg];B[rg];W[rj];B[rh];W[jh];B[jd];W[kd];B[ic];W[jb];B[ib]
;W[id];B[rm];W[rl];B[fo];W[en];B[if];W[jg];B[fb];W[bn];B[cr];W[rc];B[bk];W[sf]
;B[rd];W[sd];B[se];W[re];B[rf];W[se];B[qc];W[sc];B[oi];W[ak];B[ca];W[eb];B[ea]
;W[fc];B[gb];W[gc];B[hc];W[ia];B[hd];W[bb];B[gn];W[kn];B[ij];W[ii];B[ln];W[lm]
;B[ko];W[jn];B[jl];W[in];B[il];W[kl];B[bg];W[cd];B[bi];W[ao];B[bp];W[bl];B[ro]
;W[os];B[sp];W[sq];B[so];W[rr];B[rb];W[ra];B[ha];W[ja];B[ba];W[fa];B[da];W[gi]
;B[fi];W[gl];B[hl];W[oj];B[oh];W[ie];B[el];W[fm];B[io];W[hn];B[ho];W[jj];B[sl]
;W[jk];B[hk];W[ns];B[ms];W[lf];B[jf];W[je];B[gd];W[ec];B[fn];W[hm];B[of];W[kf]
;B[nm];W[nl];B[ci];W[cl];B[ai];W[ag];B[ah];W[cb];B[hb];W[an];B[bs];W[ap];B[aq]
;W[af]C[Black wins by 6 points.])
(;W[de]C[This fight would be difficult for White.];B[dd];W[ed];B[cd]LB[le:a]C[Black will lead the fighting to the right, where he can effectively use a connection at 'a'.]))
(;B[pf];W[ne])))))
(;W[qf]LB[od:a][pe:b]C[The White pincer puts pressure on Black 1 to settle White 2. Black usually answers at 'a', but 'b' is possible.]
(;B[od]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pc:a][nd:b]
(;W[pc];B[pd];W[qc]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]LB[nd:a][nc:b][rc:c]
(;B[nd]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[mb:a][pj:b]
(;W[mb];B[qj])
(;W[pj]C[If White wants to prevent Black from extending on the right side, he plays 10.];B[nc];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe]))
(;B[nc];W[nb];B[mb];W[mc];B[nd];W[lb];B[md];W[ma];B[qj])
(;B[rc]C[Black takes a territory oriented approach, and gets a little thin in doing so.];W[rb];B[rd];W[lb]))
(;W[nd]C[White gets a bit greedy with 6, as he aims at also living in the corner.];B[oe];W[pc];B[qe]LB[qc:a][ne:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' leads to bad shape.]
(;W[qc]LB[ne:a][qj:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ne]LB[pj:a][pk:b]C[White extends to 'a', possibly 'b'.]
(;W[pj];B[nc]C[Continuation.];W[nb];B[mc];W[mb];B[lb];W[kc];B[lc])
(;W[pk]AW[de][pq]AB[po][cp]C[1972 9th Pro Best Ten Playoff, Game 3 - White: Yoshio Ishida; Black: Iwata

White played 12, stretching the extension from 4 to pincer the Black stone in the lower right corner.];B[pi]LB[nq:a]C[Black 13 surprised White, who expected Black to pincer around 'a'.];W[np]))
(;B[qj];W[ne]C[Black 11 prevents White from making the first play down the right side.];B[og];W[nf];B[pg];W[id]))
(;W[ne];B[nf];W[me];B[qc]C[Black 13 robs White of his base.])))
(;B[pe];W[pf]LB[of:a][oe:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is weak.]
(;B[of];W[og];B[oe];W[ph]LB[pb:a][mc:b]C[Black must decide how to tackle the corner. 'a' is solid, but lets White play under Black 3. Black 'b' is another possibility.]
(;B[pb];W[lb])
(;B[mc];W[rc];B[rd];W[qb]LB[qc:a][nb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. In either case, White can live in the corner (at least through ko) or get to the center.]
(;B[qc]LB[ra:a][rb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' and White dies.]
(;W[ra]LB[sc:a][sb:b]C[Black 'a' for a ko. Black 'b' and White lives.]
(;B[sc];W[sb])
(;B[sb];W[sc]))
(;W[rb];B[nb]C[White dies.]))
(;B[nb];W[ob];B[pc];W[pb];B[ra]LB[ne:a][nc:b][od:c]C[Black 19 takes away eye shape, but White can play 'a', as 'b' and 'c' are sente for White. The position for fighting in the center determines the outcome.])))
(;B[oe]C[Black 7 shows a lack of fighting spirit.];W[of];B[ne]LB[qj:a][rc:b]C[White can emphasize the side with 'a', or live in the corner with 'b'.]
(;W[qj];B[mc]LB[kc:a][rd:b]C[White 'a' is sente, and White can reduce the corner with 'b'.])
(;W[rc];B[rd];W[qc];B[mc];W[nb];B[pj];W[mg]))))
(;W[qg]LB[od:a][pe:b]C[White should have the ladder to play the two-space pincer. Black can answer at 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[od]LB[qj:a][pd:b][nd:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'. White plays 'a' as part of a fuseki strategy; locally it is a loss.  White plays 'b' with a favorable ladder.]
(;W[qj]C[White 6 if it helps the lower right, but this results in a loss in the local context of the joseki.];B[pc])
(;W[pd]LB[pe:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. If Black plays 'b' when the ladder favors White, Black is sadly mistaken.]
(;B[pe];W[pc];B[re]LB[nc:a][md:b][mc:c][nd:d]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'. White 'd' is a mistake.]
(;W[nc]LB[me:a][nd:b][qc:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'c' is not recommended.]
(;B[me];W[rc]LB[ne:a][og:b]C[White can aim at the severe move at 'a'. Black probably needs an immediate reinforcement at 'b'.])
(;B[nd];W[md];B[me];W[mc]LB[le:a][lc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is an overplay, as the White cut at 'a' presents difficulty.]
(;B[le]LB[kb:a][pk:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is possible, at a cost.]
(;W[kb])
(;W[pk];B[lc];W[rb];B[rc];W[sb];B[mb]LB[qb:a][nb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[qb]LB[kb:a]C[Black 'a' is sente.])
(;W[nb]C[White 22 is a mistake.];B[qb];W[qc];B[pb]C[White cannot live.])))
(;B[lc];W[le];B[ne];W[lb];B[kb];W[ma];B[jc];W[rc];B[pj];W[oh]))
(;B[qc];W[oe];B[pf];W[ne]))
(;W[md]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nd:a][le:b]
(;B[nd]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nc:a][mc:b]
(;W[nc];B[me];W[mc];B[le];W[kb])
(;W[mc];B[me]LB[lb:a][lc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'b' is played only if the right side is important.]
(;W[lb]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[le:a][pj:b]
(;B[le]LB[qc:a][jc:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai.];W[pk])
(;B[pj]LB[le:a]C[If Black values the lower right enough to suffer the cut at 'a'.];W[le];B[mf];W[ke]))
(;W[lc]LB[kd:a][le:b]C[Black continues with 'a' for thickness or 'b' to take a vital point on the right side.]
(;B[kd];W[kc];B[jd];W[pk])
(;B[le];W[kc];B[pj]))))
(;B[le];W[oe]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pf:a][of:b]
(;B[pf];W[mf])
(;B[of];W[ne];B[nf];W[pf];B[qe];W[ph];B[mc];W[nc];B[qc];W[lb]C[The result cannot be fully evaluated in the local context.])))
(;W[mc]LB[ne:a][lc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[ne];W[lc];B[kd];W[kc];B[jd];W[pk];B[jc])
(;B[lc]C[Black 11 is not recommended.];W[oe]LB[pf:a][nd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pf];W[nd]C[White has the initiative.])
(;B[nd]C[Black 13 is a mistake.];W[md];B[ne];W[me]LB[pf:a]C[White plays 16. White avoids playing the atari at 'a'.])))
(;W[nd]C[White 10 demonstrates an ignorance of the principles of Go. White is easily forced into bad shape.];B[oe];W[ne];B[nf];W[me];B[qc];W[mc]LB[og:a]C[Black follows up locally with 'a'.]))
(;B[pc]C[Black 7 is a mistake.];W[pe];B[nc];W[qc];B[ob]LB[qb:a][pb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is ko food.]
(;W[qb]LB[pf:a][qf:b]C[If later Black 'a', White must give way with 'b'.])
(;W[pb])))
(;W[nd];B[oe];W[pc];B[qc];W[ne]LB[pg:a][nf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pg]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[mf:a][le:b]
(;W[mf];B[ph])
(;W[le];B[ke];W[lf];B[kd];W[qh];B[nf];W[md];B[jg];W[lh]))
(;B[nf]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[mf]LB[me:a][ng:b]C[Black 'a' is no good. Black 'b', slightly better.]
(;B[me];W[of]LB[nc:a][ng:b]C[Black may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nc];W[ng];B[md];W[nf];B[pd];W[mc];B[nb];W[mb];B[pb];W[kc]LB[na:a]C[The White atari at 'a' should be saved as a ko threat, as it is playable anytime.])
(;B[ng];W[pd];B[pe];W[qe];B[pf];W[pg];B[og];W[qf];B[of];W[nc]LB[lc:a][qb:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai for White.]))
(;B[ng];W[le];B[mg];W[lg];B[lh];W[kg]C[White has nice shape.]))))
(;B[pe];W[qj]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pc:a][nd:b]
(;B[pc])
(;B[nd]LB[qb:a][lb:b]C[White can live with 'a', and the side is open at 'b'.])))
(;W[pg]LB[od:a][pe:b]C[The choice between the low and high two-space counter pincer makes a big difference in later play. 

Black can answer at 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[od]LB[pd:a][nd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pd];B[pe];W[pc]LB[qc:a][re:b][oe:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'a' is unique with the high pincer (compared to the low, where Black must play 'b'). Black 'c' keeps the position simple at a cost.]
(;B[qc]LB[qb:a][oe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is an old pattern.]
(;W[qb]LB[qf:a][rb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is an overplay.]
(;B[qf];W[rb];B[nd];W[nb];B[rh])
(;B[rb]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[qe];B[oe];W[pb];B[re];W[qf];B[rf];W[rg];B[qh];W[qg];B[ra]C[Black lives. Now White must settle his stones at top.]
(;W[md];B[me];W[mc];B[lc];W[lb];B[kb];W[nb];B[la];W[mb];B[le];W[jc];B[kc];W[nf]
;B[ne]C[White gets a slightly better result.])
(;W[mc]LB[lc:a][md:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[lc];W[md];B[me];W[lb];B[kb];W[nb];B[la];W[mb];B[le];W[jc];B[kc];W[nf];B[ne]
)
(;B[md]C[Black 23 looks better than it is.];W[lb]))))
(;W[oe];B[pf];W[nd];B[of]LB[nf:a][me:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'b' tries to avoid giving Black such great shape on the right side.]
(;W[nf];B[og]C[This pattern is considered to favor Black.])
(;W[me];B[qg])))
(;B[re]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[md:a][nd:b]
(;W[md];B[le]LB[lc:a][oe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake, failing to account for the high White pincer at 4.]
(;W[lc];B[kc];W[mc];B[jd])
(;W[oe];B[of];W[ne];B[pf]))
(;W[nd]C[White 10 is an exception - usually this atari is a mistake.];B[oe];W[md]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[le:a][me:b]
(;B[le]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[mf:a][nf:b]
(;W[mf];B[me];W[ne];B[nf]LB[lc:a][mg:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[lc];B[kc];W[mb];B[jd]LB[lb:a]C[It is better not to give atari at 'a'.])
(;W[mg]C[White 18 is a mistake, as it is not sente.];B[lc]LB[of:a][nc:b]C[If White 'a', Black 'c'. The result is terrible for White.];W[mb]C[White must play 20.];B[og];W[lb];B[kb];W[rb];B[ph]))
(;W[nf];B[ne];W[me];B[mf];W[lc];B[lf];W[ng];B[qc];W[mb]))
(;B[me]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[ne:a][lc:b]
(;W[ne];B[nf];W[mf];B[le];W[lc];B[kc];W[mb];B[jd])
(;W[lc];B[ne];W[kd];B[le];W[jc]LB[qc:a][qb:b]C[If Black plays 'a', White replies 'b' and connects.]))))
(;B[oe];W[qe]
(;B[qf];W[re];B[qg];W[rd];B[ph])
(;B[qc];W[qb];B[rb];W[pb];B[re];W[qf];B[rf];W[rg];B[qh];W[qg];B[ra]LB[md:a][mc:b]C[Black is settled in the corner. White continues with 'a' or 'b'. See variation 2-1-8-11-1-1-1-2.]
)))
(;W[nd]C[White 6 is pointless with the high pincer.];B[oe];W[pc]LB[ne:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ne]LB[qc:a][pd:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'. With White 6, the damage is already done.]
(;W[qc];B[qf];W[qg];B[nc];W[nb];B[mc];W[mb];B[lb];W[kc];B[lc];W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[rg];W[rh]
;B[rc];W[rb];B[re];W[sc]LB[qh:a][qi:b]C[White 26 is absolutely necessary. If the ladder is favorable, Black cuts at 'a', otherwise can peep at 'b'.])
(;W[pd];B[pe];W[qe];B[re];W[qf];B[qc];W[qb];B[rb];W[pb];B[rf];W[rg];B[qh];W[qg]
;B[ra]LB[md:a]C[This sequence so far is forced. Clearly White 6 would be better placed at 'a'. White has no good way to settle the top group of stones.];W[lb];B[kb];W[kc];B[lc];W[jb];B[mb];W[ka];B[nc]C[The White stones are captured; the continuation shows Black's vain attempt to save them.];W[nb];B[mc]
;W[ma];B[pa]LB[na:a][ob:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai; the White stones are history.]))
(;B[qc];W[ne];B[qf]LB[nf:a][nc:b]C[Black 11 is a possible continuation. Black later aims at 'a' and the cutting point 'b'.])))
(;B[pe]LB[me:a][nd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is too slow.]
(;W[me]LB[le:a][nd:b][og:c]C[White 6 is the tesuji for settling his stones.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' takes the bait. Black 'c' is not recommended either.]
(;B[le];W[mf];B[pc];W[lf])
(;B[nd]C[Black 7 is a mistake.];W[md];B[nc];W[mc];B[nb];W[ne];B[mb];W[lc];B[oe];W[ng]C[In the early game, White's strength exceeds Black's profit.])
(;B[og];W[oh];B[of];W[md];B[ph];W[pi];B[qh];W[qi];B[rg];W[rh];B[qg];W[nh]LB[mf:a][le:b]C[Black 'a' is possible, but provoking White 'b' is not good.]
))
(;W[nd]C[White 6 is slow.];B[of]LB[md:a]C[After Black 7, White 6 clearly would be better at 'a'.];W[le];B[ke];W[me];B[pc];W[kd];B[jd];W[kc];B[jc];W[lb]
;B[kb];W[lc]C[This mirrors variation 2-1-8-11-2-3. White has not done well.])))
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere. 

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pc:a][od:b]
(;B[pc]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[od:a][pe:b]
(;W[od];B[pf]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[ne:a][me:b]
(;W[ne]LB[ph:a][mf:b][qi:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[ph]LB[mf:a][le:b]C[White plays 'a' if a ladder to the lower left is not favorable. If White has a favorable ladder to the lower left, White continues with 'a'.]
(;W[mf];B[id])
(;W[le];B[ke];W[kd];B[lc];W[je];B[kf];W[lf];B[jd];W[kc]LB[jc:a][mb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' if the ladder to capture Black 11, 15 is favorable to Black, or 'b' if the ladder is unfavorable.]
(;B[jc]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way.];W[kb];B[lb];W[jb];B[ib];W[ic];B[id];W[ie];B[hd];W[kg])
(;B[mb];W[jc];B[ob];W[lg]C[Black has failed.])))
(;B[mf]LB[og:a][nf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' leaves Black a step ahead.]
(;W[og];B[pg]LB[oh:a][mg:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' can leave White with bad shape or a ko.]
(;W[oh];B[qi];W[mg];B[lg];W[mh])
(;W[mg]C[White 12 is not recommended.];B[lg]LB[mh:a][nf:b]C[White 'a' leads to bad shape, White 'b' to ko.]
(;W[mh];B[nf];W[of];B[pe];W[oe];B[oh];W[ng];B[lf])
(;W[nf]C[White must fight a ko.];B[mh];W[nh])))
(;W[nf]C[White 10 is hopeless.];B[mg];W[ng];B[mh]LB[qe:a][qf:b]C[If now White 'a', Black 'b'.]))
(;B[qi]C[Black 9 is a bit loose, but playable.];W[id];B[lf];W[ng]))
(;W[me];B[le];W[mg]LB[lf:a][ph:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' lets White settle his stones. ]
(;B[lf];W[mf];B[md];W[of];B[pe];W[oe];B[ph];W[lg])
(;B[ph]C[Black 11 is not recommended.];W[lf])))
(;W[pe]LB[pd:a][qe:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' lacks fighting spirit.]
(;B[pd];W[oe]LB[od:a][qe:b]C[Black continues at 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[od];W[qe];B[nd];W[qi])
(;B[qe]LB[od:a][pg:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai.]
(;W[od];B[pg])
(;W[pg];B[od])))
(;B[qe]C[Black 7 is a mistake.];W[pb];B[qb];W[pd];B[qc];W[pf])))
(;B[od]LB[pc:a][pd:b][nd:c]C[White can respond with 'a' or 'b'. A favorable ladder is required for 'b'.

White 'c' is not recommended.
]
(;W[pc];B[pd];W[qc];B[nc];W[nb]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[mc:a][mb:b]
(;B[mc];W[mb];B[lb];W[kc];B[lc])
(;B[mb]C[Black plays this way to get sente.];W[mc];B[nd];W[lb]LB[lc:a][rc:b]C['a' and 'b' are Black's continuations, but playing this way immediately is a waste (use the other variation if Black doesn't want sente).]))
(;W[pd]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.];B[pe];W[pc]LB[nd:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd]LB[qc:a][qe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White plays 'b' to sacrifice the three stones for a position on the right side.]
(;W[qc];B[re];W[rb]LB[rc:a][nc:b][rd:c]C[If White plays 12 at 'a', Black 'b' is sente, which is painful. Giving atari at 'c' destroys the future potential here.])
(;W[qe]C[The idea is to sacrifice the three White stones in order to settle on the right.];B[qc];W[qb];B[rb];W[re];B[pb];W[rc];B[qa];W[rd];B[qb];W[pf];B[oe];W[qi]
))
(;B[qc]LB[mc:a][qe:b]C[White plays 'a' to save the three stones, or 'b' to sacrifice the three stones for position on the right side.]
(;W[mc]C[White saves his three stones with 10.];B[ne];W[lc];B[kd];W[kc];B[jd];W[ic];B[qj]C[Black builds a large framework, but has played two extra moves to do so.])
(;W[qe]C[White sacrifices his three stones with 10.];B[oe];W[qb];B[rb];W[re];B[pb];W[rc];B[qa];W[rd];B[qb];W[qh];B[nc])))
(;W[nd]C[White 6 leads to bad shape.];B[oe];W[pc];B[qc];W[ne];B[nf]LB[me:a][mf:b]C[White must play 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[me];B[of])
(;W[mf]C[White 12 is unreasonable.];B[me]LB[nc:a][of:b]C[White can only play 'a'. White 'b' doesn't work.]
(;W[nc];B[of];W[lc];B[lf];W[kc];B[mg]C[Black's outward strength is winning.])
(;W[of]C[White 14 is reckless.];B[ng];W[pd];B[pe];W[qe];B[pf];W[qf];B[pg];W[qb];B[rb];W[pb];B[qg];W[re]
;B[sd]C[Black 27 is the tesuji to save the stones, along with 29.];W[rg];B[sf]LB[rf:a][rh:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai.]
(;W[rf];B[rh])
(;W[rh];B[rf])))))))
(;B[kd]LB[qc:a][pd:b][pe:c][of:d][pf:e][pg:f][qb:g][dp:h]C[The three-space high pincer is relatively recent (since the 1950s). It is not often played, and not many definitive sequences have been worked out.

The balance with the top-left corner is usually the main factor in choosing this pincer.

White responds from 'a' to 'g', and may play elsewhere.

h8, g7, f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[qc]C[White aim to settle quickly.];B[rc];W[pd]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qe:a][qb:b]
(;B[qe];W[qb];B[pg])
(;B[qb];W[qe];B[pc];W[rd];B[qc];W[oe]))
(;W[pd]LB[qe:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;B[qe];W[qc];B[rc];W[qb];B[pg])
(;B[qc]C[Black 5 is a mistake.];W[qe];B[re]LB[rf:a][qf:b]C[White continues with 'a' to take the corner, or 'b' to force Black along to crawl along the second line (the 'line of defeat').]
(;W[rf];B[qf];W[pe];B[rg];W[rd];B[sf];W[rc]C[White takes the corner.])
(;W[qf];B[rf];W[qg])))
(;W[pe]LB[qe:a][pd:b]C[White 4 is a bit risky, though nothing happens if Black plays 'a' rather than the cut following 'b'.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[pf];B[qg];W[id]LB[ne:a]C[Black may continue with 'a'.])
(;B[pd];W[od];B[oe];W[pf]LB[of:a][ne:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is too mild.]
(;B[of];W[pg];B[og];W[ph];B[pc];W[pb];B[qb];W[ob];B[rc];W[re];B[rd]LB[ne:a][lc:b][md:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' and 'c' are not recommended, as Black gets superior thickness. White 'c' is better than 'b', but not by much.]

(;W[ne]C[White 20 is the strongest continuation.];B[oh];W[oi];B[mh];W[le];B[ld];W[md];B[mf];W[me];B[pi]LB[qi:a][pj:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]

(;W[qi];B[pj];W[qj];B[pk])
(;W[pj]C[White 30 is a mistake. The five White stones on the right will be captured.];B[qi];W[qj];B[rh]LB[rj:a][rg:b]C[Black 33 is the tesuji. White 'a' is the best White can do, but not good enough. If White 'b', Black 'a'.];W[rj];B[rg];W[rf];B[qe];W[qf];B[sg]
;W[sf];B[ri]))
(;W[lc]C[White 20 is not recommended.];B[oh];W[pi];B[ld];W[kc];B[jc];W[jb];B[ib]C[To live, White gives Black considerable thickness.])
(;W[md];B[me];W[ld];B[le];W[kb];B[kc];W[lb];B[ic];W[jb];B[ie]))
(;B[ne];W[qb];B[rf]LB[mc:a]C[White can settle himself with 'a'. The three-space pincer is  too far to be a weapon. White has an easy fight.])))
(;W[of]LB[qg:a][oe:b]C[White 4 is natural. Variations are the same as other pincers.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qg]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[id:a][ph:b]
(;W[id])
(;W[ph]C[White may choose the right side.];B[pg];W[og];B[oh];W[pj];B[nh];W[qh]))
(;B[oe];W[ne];B[pe]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nd:a][mc:b]
(;W[nd];B[nf]LB[og:a][ld:b]C[White must now decide what to do about White 4, the cut stone. White 'a' is the better option. White 'b', the sacrifice, is not recommended.]
(;W[og];B[ng];W[oh];B[lf];W[qb];B[qg])
(;W[ld]C[White 10 is not recommended.];B[og];W[mf];B[ng];W[kc]C[White position is tenuous. Compare this result with variation 2-1-8-5-2-1-1-1.]))
(;W[mc]C[White 8 avoids fighting.];B[nf];W[me];B[og];W[mf];B[ng]LB[hd:a]C[White may continue with 'a'.])))
(;W[pf]LB[od:a][pe:b]C[White adopts the taisha. Black can play 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[od];W[pd];B[pe];W[pc];B[qe];W[oe];B[nd];W[qc];B[qf];W[of];B[qh];W[mb])
(;B[pe];W[oe];B[qf];W[pg];B[qg];W[ph]LB[qh:a][qi:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. A Black jump to 'c' is premature.]
(;B[qh];W[pi];B[qj];W[id])
(;B[qi]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[pd];B[qe];W[qc];B[rc];W[rb];B[qb];W[pc]LB[rd:a][sb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[rd])
(;B[sb]C[Black 19 is a mistake.];W[qh];B[rh]LB[rg:a][ri:b]C[Depending upon the ladder, White can play 'a', threatening to capture Black 11, or 'b', aiming for Black 15 or the five Black stones.]))))
(;W[pg]C[The large taisha.];B[od]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nd:a][pd:b]
(;W[nd];B[oe];W[pc]LB[ne:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recomended.]
(;B[ne];W[md];B[me]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qc:a][pd:b]
(;W[qc]LB[mb:a][ld:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[mb]LB[nb:a][lc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[nb];B[ld];W[pj])
(;W[lc]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[kc];W[lb];B[kb];W[la];B[ld];W[mc]))
(;B[ld]C[Black 13 is a mistake.];W[mb]))
(;W[pd];B[pe];W[qe]LB[re:a][qf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' keeps the situation simple, but gives White superior profit.]
(;B[re];W[qf];B[qc];W[qb];B[rb];W[pb];B[rf];W[rg];B[qh];W[qg];B[ra];W[mb]LB[kb:a][oi:b][pk:c]C[Black continues with 'a' through 'c', depending on the overall situation.]
)
(;B[qf]C[Black 15 is not recommended.];W[re];B[qg];W[rd];B[ph])))
(;B[qc]LB[mc:a][le:b]C[Black 9 is not recommended. White is conservative, and Black gets the better of it. White 'b' is a light, flexible reply that Black will have trouble answering.]
(;W[mc];B[og];W[oh];B[ng])
(;W[le])))
(;W[pd];B[pe];W[pc]LB[nd:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. 'a' is simple but a bit mild, while 'b' is complicated.]
(;B[nd];W[qe];B[qf];W[re];B[pf];W[rd];B[og])
(;B[qc]LB[mc:a][oe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[mc];B[oe];W[qb];B[rb];W[me];B[og];W[oh];B[ng]LB[lf:a][qe:b]C[White 'a' and 'b' are possible continuations. White 'a' is simple, White 'b' a strong move.]
(;W[lf];B[ph];W[pi];B[qh];W[qi];B[rg];W[rh];B[qg])
(;W[qe];B[pb];W[ob];B[qf];W[re];B[qa];W[qg]LB[lf:a][rf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[lf]C[What should follow is not altogether clear.])
(;B[rf]C[Black 25 is a mistake.];W[pf];B[rd];W[of];B[nf];W[ne];B[se];W[pi]C[White looks forward to profitably tormenting the three Black stones.])))
(;W[oe]C[White 10 is an old 2-space pincer joseki that is no longer considered favorably.];B[pf]LB[nd:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is reckless.]
(;W[nd];B[of];W[me];B[qg])
(;W[of]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[nd];W[qb];B[rf]LB[rb:a][og:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai.])))))
(;W[qb];B[pf];W[mc];B[qj])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[pc];W[od];B[pf];W[md];B[ph]))
(;B[od]C[Black 3 may be used when Black is strong on the right side.];W[nd];B[oe]C[Black 3 and 5 are the tsukenobi.];W[pc];B[qc]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[kc:a][ne:b]
(;W[kc];B[qj])
(;W[ne];B[nf]LB[lc:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[lc];B[qf])
(;W[of];B[qf];W[og];B[mf];W[lc]LB[ld:a][qg:b]C[Black 'a' and White 'b' are the respective tesujis for each side to settle himself.])))
(;B[nd]LB[od:a][qc:b][pd:c]C[Black 3, a straight-forward attempt to build thickness, is generally regarded as a trick play, but White must be careful in answering.

Black must have the ladder to play this way.

White continues with 'a'. White 'b' and 'c' are not recommended.]
(;W[od];B[oe]LB[ne:a][pe:b]C[White 'a' is correct. White 'b' is a mistake, though Black may make his own mistakes after White 'b'.]
(;W[ne]C[White 6 is the only move.];B[nc]LB[pe:a][nb:b]C[White continues with 'a' and 'b'.]
(;W[pe];B[of];W[pd];B[pf];W[qe];B[qf];W[re];B[me])
(;W[nb];B[me];W[nf];B[of]LB[mf:a][ng:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[mf];B[mb];W[pb];B[na];W[ob];B[mc];W[le]LB[jc:a][qc:b][qb:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' takes the five White stones and the corner, in the process giving White magnificant thickness. Black 'c' is also unreasonable.]
(;B[jc];W[qc])
(;B[qc]C[Black 19 is a mistake.];W[kc];B[kb];W[jb]LB[lb:a][jc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a trick play difficult to counter.]
(;B[lb];W[ic];B[qb];W[og];B[qf];W[lc];B[pd];W[md];B[pa])
(;B[jc]LB[og:a][kd:b][lc:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a ridiculous mistake. White 'c' is also a mistake, worse than 'b', though seemingly much less ridiculous.]
(;W[og]LB[pd:a][pg:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pd];W[lc];B[lb];W[ib];B[qb];W[pg];B[qf];W[md];B[pa];W[id]C[Black 23 retains some aji, but White has triumphed.])
(;B[pg]C[Black 25 is unreasonable.];W[pf];B[pe];W[lc];B[lb];W[ib]C[Black cannot set up the ladder as in variation 2-1-11-1-2-1-2-2-3, so White wins.]))
(;W[kd]C[White 24 is a mistake.];B[ib];W[lb];B[ja];W[lc];B[la];W[md];B[ma])
(;W[lc]LB[og:a]C[White 24 is a mistake. White must play 'a' before 24, as it breaks a ladder. This sequence shows why.];B[lb];W[ib];B[ld];W[kd];B[ke];W[md];B[jd];W[ld];B[lf];W[me];B[mg]LB[og:a]C[White is captured in a ladder. If White had played 'a' first, the ladder would be broken.]
)))
(;B[qb]LB[qc:a][kc:b]C[White 19 is a mistake. 

White continues with 'a'. White 'b', giving up the stones, is a mistake.];W[qc];B[rc];W[rb]LB[pd:a]C[White must not play 'a' first, as then Black takes the first ko, not White.];B[pc];W[pd];B[qe];W[qc];B[qa]
;W[ra];B[pc];W[pe];B[pf];W[qc]C[Black has no more ko threats.]))
(;W[ng]C[White 12 is a mistake, too slack for the fight.];B[pd];W[pb];B[lc];W[rc];B[rd];W[mb];B[ke];W[rb];B[og];W[nh];B[pi]C[Black makes territory and White is left in an awkward position.]
)))
(;W[pe]C[White 6 is bad.];B[pd];W[ne];B[of];W[md];B[nf]LB[me:a][nc:b]C[White 'a' looks logical, but 'b' is better.]
(;W[me];B[ob]LB[nc:a][pc:b]C[Black 13 is the tesuji that makes Black 3 worth trying in the first place.

White 'a' and 'b' both lead to losses (or should anyway).]
(;W[nc]C[White 14 is honte (the right move).];B[pb])
(;W[pc];B[nc]LB[nb:a][pb:b][qc:c]C[White 'a' looks promising, but 'b' is better. White 'c' is another opportunity for Black mistakes.]
(;W[nb];B[mc];W[pb];B[lc];W[qe];B[rd];W[re];B[qb];W[oa];B[rb]LB[ma:a][qg:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai, and White is trapped.])
(;W[pb];B[nb]LB[qc:a][rc:b]C[White 'a' is a mistake. White 'b' is better, though the outcome  favors Black.]
(;W[qc]LB[rc:a][rd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[rc];W[rd];B[qe];W[rb];B[lc];W[pf];B[re];W[pg];B[sd];W[mg];B[pa];W[qb];B[sb]C[Black wins.]
)
(;B[rd]C[Black 19 is a mistake.];W[mc];B[rc];W[pa];B[qa];W[rb]C[White wins.]))
(;W[rc];B[rd];W[qc];B[lc];W[pf];B[pg];W[re];B[qg];W[rf];B[nh]))
(;W[qc]LB[rd:a][rc:b]C[Black 'a' looks correct, but is a mistake. Black continues with 'b'.]
(;B[rd]C[Black 17 is a mistake.];W[mc];B[nb];W[pb];B[rc];W[pa];B[qb];W[rb];B[ra];W[mb])
(;B[rc]C[Black 17 is better than it looks.];W[rd];B[qe];W[rb];B[qb];W[sc];B[pb];W[rc];B[re];W[nb];B[mc];W[mb];B[lc]
;W[lb];B[kc];W[qa];B[lf]))))
(;W[nc];B[le];W[kd];B[qg])))
(;W[qc]C[White 4 lacks fighting spirit.];B[od]LB[rd:a][pd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[rd];B[pc];W[pb];B[pd];W[rb];B[re];W[nc];B[md])
(;W[pd];B[pe];W[pc];B[re]))
(;W[pd]C[White 4 helps Black build thickness.];B[pe];W[qc];B[re];W[nc];B[md]))
(;B[pc]AB[kc]C[Black 3 makes sense in the context of having Black support at top as shown or nearby.

Kitani Minoru was fond of Black 3.];W[od]LB[pe:a][pf:b]C[Black continues with 'a', possibly 'b'.]
(;B[pe];W[le]C[Depending upon the exact location of the top side Black stone, other White continuations are possible.])
(;B[pf]C[Black 5 is thinner than the kosumi, leaving Black more subject to later cutting.];W[le])))
(;W[nc]LB[pc:a][od:b][lc:c][kd:d][dp:e]C[White 2 is used with friendly forces backing it up. Its purpose is to prevent a pincer. Locally it results in a loss, but may be appropriate fuseki strategy. 

It was popular in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but is not seen often nowadays, having been replaced by the one-space high approach, with which it has points in common.

Black responses range from 'a' to 'd'. Black may also play elsewhere.

elsewhere e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;B[pc]LB[kc:a][jd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. The wisdom of White 'b' depends on the left corner.]
(;W[kc]AB[dc][de]LB[ic:a][qg:b]C[Here is an example where White may try this approach. 

Black continues with 'a'.  Black 'b' lacks direction.]
(;B[ic]LB[pe:a][qf:b]C[White has erased some of Black's left-side enclosure influence, but Black 5 is a good follow-up to White 4.

White may continue with 'a' to build a center position, or 'b' to emphasize the right side.]
(;W[pe];B[qe];W[pg];B[qf];W[ng];B[qh])
(;W[qf];B[oe];W[qi]))
(;B[qg]C[Black 5 is a mistake.];W[hc]C[Now White has excellent position.]))
(;W[jd]AB[dc][de]C[In this case, White 4 is a mistake.];B[hc]LB[jb:a][dp:b]C[Now White must defend at 'a'. 'b' shows what happens if White plays elsewhere.]
(;W[jb])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere, a mistake.];B[ld];W[lc];B[kc];W[kd];B[jc]C[White is split by the invasion.])))
(;B[od]LB[nd:a][pb:b]C[White can respond with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nd]LB[oc:a][ne:b][oe:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'c' is not recommended.]
(;B[oc];W[ne]LB[jd:a][id:b]C[Black continues around 'a' or 'b' to erase White thickness.])
(;B[ne]LB[me:a][oc:b][pb:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended, as it only strengthens Black. White 'c', also not recommended, presents a contradiction.]
(;W[me];B[oc];W[ob];B[pb];W[nb];B[oe];W[mf]C[The corner is safe, as one can see from the continuation.];B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere. As a continuation, White tries and invasion.];W[qb]C[White invades.];B[pa];W[qc];B[pc]
;W[rd];B[re];W[qe];B[qf];W[pd];B[pe]C[White cannot live.])
(;W[oc]C[White 6 is not recommended.];B[pc];W[oe];B[pd]LB[me:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is an overplay.]
(;W[me];B[nf];W[ld]LB[of:a][mg:b]C[Black can continue at 'a', 'b', or play elsewhere.])
(;W[of]C[White 10 is risky.];B[me];W[kc];B[qg];W[ng];B[lf]LB[ic:a][lc:b]C[Black is secure, while White is vulnerable to attacks at 'a' at 'b'.]))
(;W[pb]C[White's orientation toward influence with 4 contrasts with the territory orientation of 6.];B[me];W[qc];B[rd];W[lc]))
(;B[oe]C[Black 5 is slack.];W[pb];B[ne];W[me];B[mf];W[le]))
(;W[pb]LB[nd:a][ld:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd];W[mc]LB[md:a][ld:b]C[Joseki continues with Black 'a'. Black 'b' has been seen in professional games (Cho Chikun played it against Kato Masao in the 1st game of the 1983 Judan title).]
(;B[md];W[qc]LB[rd:a][rc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rd];W[lc];B[qj])
(;B[rc]LB[lc:a][rb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[lc])
(;W[rb]C[White 10 is a mistake.];B[pc];W[qb];B[lc])))
(;B[ld]LB[md:a][lc:b]C[Black 7 is a stretch. Black is willing to follow up with 'a' or 'b'.];W[qc];B[rd];W[kb];B[md]))
(;B[ld]C[Black 5 is a powerful play.];W[nd];B[ne]LB[me:a][oe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is usually good style, but not here.]
(;W[me];B[md];W[oe];B[nf];W[pd];B[pe];W[oc];B[of];W[qe];B[od];W[rd];B[pc];W[qc]
;B[pd];W[pf];B[oe];W[rb];B[qf];W[re];B[pg])
(;W[oe]LB[me:a][of:b]C[White 8 is a mistake.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[me]LB[pd:a]C[White 'a' is not recommended. White lacks a good continuation.];W[pd];B[pe];W[oc];B[of]LB[qe:a]C[The ko is too big for White to cut at 'a', so White is at a loss.])
(;B[of];W[pe];B[pd])))))
(;B[lc];W[qc];B[pc];W[pd]LB[qb:a][od:b][pb:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake. Black 'c', basically a sacrifice play, is possible.]
(;B[qb];W[rc];B[od];W[pe];B[oc];W[rb]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[of:a][pg:b]
(;B[of];W[oe];B[ne]LB[qe:a][pf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a vulgar mistake.]
(;W[qe]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nf:a][nd:b]
(;B[nf];W[qg]LB[qf:a][re:b][jc:c][nd:d][nb:e]C[White 18 is big, as it prevents Black 'a', which White must answer with 'b'. White looks to playing 'c', after which 'd' and 'e' become tempting.])
(;B[nd];W[nf];B[og];W[mf];B[qf];W[re];B[nh]))
(;W[pf]C[White 6 is a mistake.];B[pg]LB[re:a][nf:b]C[White must play 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[re];B[nf])
(;W[nf]C[White 18 is a mistake.];B[qf];W[og];B[qe];W[of];B[ph];W[nd];B[nb]LB[me:a][pb:b]C[White 'a' and the White corner stones die. White 'b' (a live corner) and Black gets 'a'.]
(;W[me];B[ob])
(;W[pb];B[ob];W[qa];B[me]))))
(;B[pg]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[oe:a][of:b]
(;W[oe];B[nd];W[ne];B[me];W[mf];B[le];W[ng])
(;W[of];B[og];W[nf];B[nd];W[qf];B[qg];W[rf])))
(;B[od]C[Black 7 is a mistake in order.];W[pe];B[qb];W[oc];B[rc];W[pb];B[qc];W[ne]C[Black's pincer has lost its meaning.])
(;B[pb]LB[qb:a][pe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not as good.]
(;W[qb];B[pe];W[od];B[rd];W[ob];B[rb];W[oc];B[rc];W[pa];B[qh]C[White 2 is not good shape, but capturing the two Black stones makes this a reasonable result.])
(;W[pe]C[White 8 gives Black the corner for White thickness.];B[rc];W[qe];B[rd];W[ne])))
(;B[kd]LB[qc:a][pd:b][ne:c]C[The two-space high and one-space high pincer are similar.

White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is not recommended.]
(;W[qc];B[pc];W[pd];B[qb];W[rc];B[od];W[pe];B[oc]LB[rb:a][qf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' gives White sente at a cost of local loss.]
(;W[rb]LB[pg:a][nd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[pg];W[of];B[nd];W[og]LB[pi:a][rg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pi];W[qg])
(;B[rg];W[re];B[qj]))
(;B[nd]C[Black 13 is too mild.];W[pg]))
(;W[qf]C[White 12 is not recommended unless sente is essential.];B[rb];W[rd];B[nd]))
(;W[pd]LB[qc:a][qe:b][pc:c][pe:d]C[White 4 is a powerful play.

Black continues with 'a' to 'd'.]
(;B[qc]LB[qe:a][pf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' makes White 4 pointless.]
(;W[qe];B[pe];W[re]LB[pc:a][od:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended, especially if White has a favorable ladder to the far corner.]
(;B[pc];W[od];B[pf];W[qg]C[The future is uncertain, but fighting is certain.

Black's pincer at 3 is not in great position, and the three Black corner stones are not quite alive, so White has little to fear.])
(;B[od]C[Black 9 is not recommended.];W[pc];B[oc];W[pb];B[ob];W[qb];B[pf]LB[oe:a]C[Black must defend with 15 against the cut at 'a'. If the ladder is favorable, White can cut at 'a' anyway.]))
(;W[pf]C[White 6 is a mistake.];B[qe];W[nf];B[qg]))
(;B[qe];W[qc];B[rc]LB[pc:a][rb:b][pe:c]C[White continues with 'a', or if White has a favorable ladder, the tough double hane of 'b'. White 'c' is also possible.]
(;W[pc];B[rb]LB[of:a][kb:b]C[White typically continues with 'a', but may choose 'b' with a later aim.]
(;W[of]C[A possible continuation.];B[pg])
(;W[kb]LB[qg:a]C[White plays 10 to provide a base for his stones so as to play 'a' later.]))
(;W[rb]LB[qb:a][pc:b]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' shows the ladder setup, playable only if Black has the ladder to the opposite corner (in which case White 8 is a mistake).]
(;B[qb];W[pc];B[sb];W[pf];B[qf];W[qg];B[rg];W[pe])
(;B[pc];W[qb];B[od]))
(;W[pe];B[qf];W[rb];B[qb];W[pc];B[sb];W[og];B[ph];W[hd]))
(;B[pc];W[qe];B[od];W[pe];B[oc];W[qc]LB[qb:a][oe:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' favors White.]
(;B[qb];W[rd];B[nd]LB[rb:a][qi:b]C[As 'a' and 'b' are miai, White may continue elsewhere.])
(;B[oe]LB[rd:a][qb:b][of:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' creates aji for Black. White 'c' is not recommended.]
(;W[rd];B[og]LB[of:a]C[Black must play 13 or White plays 'a'.])
(;W[qb])
(;W[of]C[White 12 is not recommended.];B[pf]C[A fight ensues with good odds towards Black.])))
(;B[pe];W[qc]LB[rc:a][qe:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is less favorable.]
(;B[rc];W[pc];B[re];W[oe];B[pf];W[of];B[pg])
(;B[qe];W[pc]LB[qi:a]C[White is satisfied to have some corner profit and be sufficiently settled. 

A Black extension to 'a' in gote is not recommended unless it works toward the bottom right corner.])))
(;W[ne]C[White 4 is not recommended.];B[pf]LB[qc:a][pc:b]C[After Black 5, the exchange of White 'a', Black 'b' doesn't work well.]))
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[qc];B[pc];W[pd];B[qb];W[rc];B[od]LB[pe:a][pb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[pe];B[oc];W[rb];B[nd];W[pg];B[kd])
(;W[pb]C[White is confined while giving Black superior thickness.];B[pe];W[oc];B[pd];W[rb];B[ob];W[qa];B[md]LB[nb:a][mc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[nb];B[nd])
(;W[mc];B[lc]))))
(;W[nd]LB[pf:a][oc:b][ne:c][pc:d][lc:e][dp:f]C[This approach move was very popular in the 1910s and almost all variations have been completely explored.

Black plays 'a' to 'e' or elsewhere ('f'). 'd' secures the corner, but is submissive.

f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;B[pf]LB[jc:a][ic:b]C[Black 3 is peaceful. Black 3 was common when this approach move was first played, but no longer.

White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is one space too far.]
(;W[jc]LB[qj:a][dp:b][lc:c]C[Black continues with 'a', plays elsewhere ('b'), or aggressively invades with 'c'.]
(;B[qj]LB[qc:a][pc:b]C[The corner is now important. White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is insufficient.]
(;W[qc]LB[pc:a][rc:b]C[If White goes into the corner, White 6 is the only move. 

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is submissive.]
(;B[pc];W[pd]LB[od:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[od];W[pe];B[oe];W[qe];B[qf]LB[re:a][rd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[re]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rf:a][qb:b]
(;B[rf];W[rd];B[pb]LB[qb:a][nb:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qb];B[nc];W[of];B[ne];W[og];B[ph])
(;W[nb]LB[oc:a]C[White 18 is a tesuji providing protection on the right side. White can still live in the corner, as Black must connect at 'a'.];B[rb];W[qb];B[qa];W[rc];B[oc];W[ra];B[sa];W[sc]LB[ng:a]C[Next, Black should play 'a' to protect the cutting point.]))
(;B[qb];W[rd];B[oc];W[rb];B[ng]))
(;W[rd]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[re];W[qd];B[oc]LB[rf:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[rf];B[rg];W[se];B[of])
(;W[of]C[The cut is premature.];B[rf];W[rb];B[ne]LB[pb:a][sc:b]C[White's cutting stone will be a burden. Besides, Black has the forcing move at 'a', requiring White 'b'.])))
(;B[qb]LB[qe:a][rc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not as favorable.]
(;W[qe];B[rc];W[pe];B[re];W[qf])
(;W[rc]C[White 10 is not recommended.];B[od];W[pe];B[oe];W[qe];B[qf];W[re])))
(;B[rc]C[Black 7 is weak.];W[pc];B[re]))
(;W[pc]C[White 6 is a mistake.];B[qc];W[pd];B[pe]LB[lc:a][md:b][nc:c]C[White retains weak points at 'a', 'b', and 'c'.]))
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere. White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pj:a][qc:b]
(;W[pj]LB[pc:a][cq:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Playing elsewhere ('b') results in a loss.]
(;B[pc])
(;B[cq]C[Black 7 leads to a local loss.];W[qc]LB[pc:a][rc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is submissive.]
(;B[pc];W[pd]LB[pe:a][od:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[pe];W[od];B[rc];W[qb];B[re];W[rb];B[sb];W[oc])
(;B[od]C[Black 11 results in a tough fight for Black.];W[pe];B[oe];W[qe];B[qf]LB[rd:a][re:b]C[White takes at 'a', rather than 'b'.];W[rd];B[re];W[qd];B[oc];W[of]C[White can live in the corner. Black will have trouble with the cut at White 20.]
))
(;B[rc];W[pd];B[qe];W[pc];B[rb];W[qg])))
(;W[qc];B[pc];W[pd];B[od];W[pe];B[oe];W[qe];B[qf]LB[re:a][rd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[re];B[oc];W[rf]LB[qb:a][of:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is the safe move, but allows White 'a'.]
(;B[qb];W[of];B[rc];W[og];B[ne]LB[ph:a][pg:b][rh:c]C[Black later aims at 'a', White 'b', Black 'c'.])
(;B[of]C[Black 17 is not recommended.];W[qb]))
(;W[rd];B[re];W[qd];B[oc];W[of]C[Black has a tough fight ahead.];B[rf];W[rb];B[ne]LB[pb:a][sc:b]C[White will have trouble with the cutting stone. Black 'a' is sente, requiring White 'b'.])))
(;B[lc]LB[ld:a][qc:b][oc:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is not recommended.]
(;W[ld];B[mc];W[md];B[ob];W[kc];B[pc]C[Black gets a nice corner.])
(;W[qc]LB[pd:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pd];W[mc]LB[pc:a][ld:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pc];W[ld])
(;B[ld];W[pc];B[od]LB[nb:a][oc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[nb]C[White 12 is a good answer to Black 11.];B[ne];W[md];B[me];W[lb];B[ke])
(;W[oc];B[ne]C[Now White cannot cross underneath to White 4.])))
(;B[pc];W[pd];B[od];W[oc];B[pe];W[pb];B[pd];W[nb];B[qb];W[qa];B[rc];W[me]))
(;W[oc]C[White 6 is weak.];B[le];W[nf];B[je];W[qc];B[rc];W[pd];B[qe];W[qb];B[qi])))
(;W[ic];B[kc]LB[qc:a][jd:b]C[Black must immediately play 5, to prevent White from consolidating his position.

White may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qc]C[White 6 makes for tough fighting.];B[pc]C[Black has the advantage now because of Black 5.])
(;W[jd]C[White 6 doesn't work.];B[le];W[ld];B[kd];W[ke];B[md];W[me];B[lc];W[lf];B[nc];W[ld];B[mc]C[White is left with too many cutting points.]
)))
(;B[oc]LB[nc:a][od:b][dp:c]C[White can play at 'a', 'b', or elsewhere ('c').

c3, b2, a1]
(;W[nc];B[od]LB[ne:a][jc:b]C[White continues with 'a', or if faced with a impending checking extension on the top side, 'b'.]
(;W[ne]LB[dp:a][oe:b]C[Black may play elsewhere ('a'), which can lead to a loss, as Black's position is suprisingly weak. Continue locally with 'b'.]
(;B[dp]LB[oe:a][qc:b][qe:c]C[Black plays elsewhere. White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[oe]C[White's continuation if Black plays elsewhere.];B[pe];W[pf];B[qf];W[pg];B[qg];W[ph];B[nb];W[mb];B[ob];W[qh])
(;W[qc]LB[oe:a][pc:b][rd:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' and 'c' are mistakes.]
(;B[oe]C[Black gets his corner ravaged in playing 9, but this is the best continuation.])
(;B[pc]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[rd];B[rc];W[qe];B[qb];W[pf])
(;B[rd];W[ob];B[pb];W[pc];B[nb];W[pd]))
(;W[qe]LB[oe:a][pf:b][rd:c][pe:d]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'c' or 'd' are not recommended.]
(;B[oe]C[Difficult fighting ensues.])
(;B[pf]C[Difficult fighting ensues.])
(;B[rd]C[Black 9 is submissive.];W[oe])
(;B[pe];W[qf];B[pf];W[rd])))
(;B[oe];W[nf];B[pg];W[jd]))
(;W[jc];B[ne]LB[ob:a][me:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[ob];B[pb];W[nb];B[oe])
(;W[me];B[nb];W[mb];B[ob])))
(;W[od]LB[pd:a][nc:b][pc:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.  Black 'b' leads to the large avalanche joseki. 

Black 'c' is submissive, and not recommended.]
(;B[pd];W[nc];B[ob])
(;B[nc];W[pd];B[pc];W[qe];B[md]C[For continuation, see variation 2-4-3-2-4-1-1.])
(;B[pc]C[Black 5 is a weak move.];W[qe];B[re];W[pd];B[rc];W[qf];B[rf];W[qh]))
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.]
(;B[od]LB[nf:a][ne:b]C[White continues with 'a', possibly 'b'.]
(;W[nf];B[ne];W[me];B[oe];W[mf]LB[lc:a][pg:b]C[Black may continue with 'a' or 'b'.])
(;W[ne];B[mb]))
(;B[nc];W[ld];B[md]LB[me:a][mc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[me];B[mc];W[le])
(;W[mc];B[od]))))
(;B[ne]LB[md:a][oe:b][pd:c][me:d]C[Black aims for influence. Complex variations are possible.

White responds at 'a' to 'd'. White 'a' and 'b' require a favorable ladder. White 'd' avoids complex variations.

d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[md]LB[oe:a][od:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[oe];W[pc];B[qc];W[me])
(;B[od]C[Black 5 is a mistake.];W[oc];B[pc];W[oe];B[pd]LB[nf:a][of:b]C[White continues at 'a' with a favorable ladder. If the ladder is not favorable, White may play 'b', but a fight ensues.]
(;W[nf]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.])
(;W[of];B[nf];W[ng];B[mf];W[mg];B[lf]LB[og:a]C[White must now cover the cutting point at 'a' while Black aims  at White's stones on the top side.])))
(;W[oe];B[od];W[pd];B[oc];W[of]LB[pc:a][md:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[pc];W[me])
(;B[md]C[Black 9 gives White the advantage.];W[pc];B[nc];W[qe]))
(;W[pd];B[pe];W[oe];B[of];W[od];B[qe]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qc:a][ld:b]
(;W[qc];B[md];W[mc];B[me];W[lc];B[rc];W[pb];B[qb];W[pc];B[rb])
(;W[ld];B[pc];W[nf];B[og];W[me]))
(;W[me]LB[od:a][oe:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a trick play that can be foiled.]
(;B[od]LB[oc:a][md:b]C[White continues with the tesuji at 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[oc];B[nc];W[md];B[ob]LB[oe:a][pc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[oe];B[pc];W[nf])
(;W[pc]C[White 10 is a mistake.];B[pd]LB[mc:a][nb:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[mc];B[nb];W[mb];B[pb];W[nf]C[White has given up much profit.])
(;W[nb];B[mc];W[pb];B[mb];W[oa];B[kc]LB[nf:a][rb:b]C[White continues at 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[nf];B[rb];W[qb];B[rc];W[qa];B[qg]C[Black has a favorable result.])
(;W[rb]C[White 18 is a mistake.];B[nf]C[Now White's three stones are in a world of hurt.]))))
(;W[md]LB[oc:a][oe:b]C[White 6 is not recommended.

Black continues at 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[oc];W[nf];B[oe];W[lg])
(;B[oe]C[Black 7 is a mistake.];W[mg])))
(;B[oe]LB[ld:a][od:b]C[Black 5 is a trick. White continues with 'a'. White 'b' falls into the trap.]
(;W[ld];B[od];W[nc])
(;W[od]LB[pd:a][md:b]C[White hopes for Black 'a', White 'b'.];B[md]C[Instead, Black cuts.];W[pe];B[pd];W[mc];B[ld];W[le];B[ke]C[Now White cannot catch Black in any ladder.];W[kf]LB[lf:a][pf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]

(;B[lf];W[mf];B[mg];W[lg];B[nf];W[lf];B[lc];W[ng];B[of];W[oc];B[pc];W[ob]LB[pf:a][pb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]

(;B[pf];W[lb];B[kb];W[mb];B[kc];W[pb];B[qb];W[pa];B[mh];W[je];B[hc])
(;B[pb]C[Black 27 leads to a ko that is not favorable for Black.];W[lb];B[kb];W[nb];B[la];W[ma];B[mb];W[pg]LB[pf:a][og:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pf];W[qf];B[qe];W[og];B[pe];W[lb])
(;B[og]C[Black 35 is a mistake.];W[oh];B[nh];W[pf];B[ng];W[ni])))
(;B[pf]C[Black 15 is a mistake.];W[kd];B[lc];W[lb];B[kc];W[jc];B[kb];W[jb])))))
(;B[pc]C[Black 3 is submissive. White will probably play elsewhere. The follow-up is shown.];W[pe];B[qe];W[pg];B[pf];W[of];B[qf];W[ng]LB[qh:a]C[Black later plays 'a', but there is no hurry, as Black's corner is secure. White blocking Black on the right is not a worry for Black.])
(;B[lc]LB[pd:a][oc:b][qc:c]C[Black 3 is the only pincer against White 2. White aims at the corner contact play. Black 3 is the only way to forstall that move.

White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is unreasonable.]
(;W[pd]LB[qc:a][pe:b][qe:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'c' is a slack move.]
(;B[qc]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pf:a][ld:b]
(;W[pf];B[qe];W[mf];B[qg])
(;W[ld]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[kd:a][pe:b]
(;B[kd];W[le];B[mc];W[qe]LB[pc:a][pe:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pc];W[pe];B[nc])
(;B[pe]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[qf];B[od];W[oe];B[pc];W[pf];B[nc];W[pd];B[oc]C[White has a better position than the joseki.]))
(;B[pe];W[mc];B[pg];W[kc])))
(;B[pe]LB[qc:a][qe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is an overplay.]
(;W[qc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rc:a][re:b]
(;B[rc]LB[pc:a][qe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'b' leads to a fight with equal prospects.]
(;W[pc];B[re];W[oe];B[pf])
(;W[qe];B[rd];W[re];B[pf];W[qg]LB[pg:a][od:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[pg];W[qh];B[pc];W[od];B[pb]LB[me:a][ph:b]C[White next plays 'a' or 'b', depending on the position.])
(;B[od]C[Black 13 is not recommended, as Black loses the corner.];W[pc];B[oc];W[ob];B[nc];W[rb];B[nb]LB[pb:a][dp:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White risks a ko playing elsewhere ('b').]
(;W[pb])
(;W[dp];B[qb];W[pb];B[ra]LB[qa:a][sb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'a' leads to a two-stage ko. White 'b' leads to a direct ko.]
(;W[qa];B[sb])
(;W[sb];B[pa])))))
(;B[re];W[pc];B[oe];W[rd];B[qe];W[mb];B[qj]))
(;W[qe]C[White 6 is unreasonable.];B[qc];W[qf];B[pf];W[pg];B[of]LB[qg:a][od:b]C[Blackk 11, ironically good shape here (usually bad shape), makes miai of 'a' and 'b'.]))
(;B[qe]C[Black 5 is not recommended.];W[qc];B[rc];W[pb];B[rb];W[id]C[White has comfortable shape and can switch to 10.]))
(;W[oc]C[White 4 reverts to the small knight approach move with two-space low pincer joseki (variation 2-1-5-5).];B[pf];W[qb];B[qj])
(;W[qc]C[White 4 is unreasonable.];B[pd];W[pc];B[oc];W[od];B[nc]))
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[qc]LB[pc:a][cq:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' shows White's follow-up if Black plays elsewhere again.]
(;B[pc];W[pd]LB[pb:a][rc:b][od:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' and 'c' are not recommended.]
(;B[pb]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. 

Though an equal result, and ending in sente, White 'a' is not very satisfying. ]
(;W[qe];B[rd];W[pe];B[rc])
(;W[qb]LB[rb:a][rd:b]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' was once considered joseki, but White gets great shape, so this sequence is now considered favorable to White.]
(;B[rb]LB[rc:a][rd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'b' starts a fight.]
(;W[rc];B[rd];W[sb];B[ra];W[qa];B[nb]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pe:a][od:b]
(;W[pe];B[sd];W[qe];B[sc];W[sa];B[rb])
(;W[od];B[qf];W[ob];B[oc];W[nc];B[oa];W[mb];B[lb];W[sa];B[pa]LB[pf:a][ma:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' does not work.

There is a ladder involved that should favor Black.]
(;W[pf]LB[pe:a][mc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[pe];W[oe];B[qe]LB[ma:a][qg:b]C[White continues with 'a' with a favorable ladder running to the bottom left, or 'b' the ladder is unfavorable.]
(;W[ma];B[mc];W[lc];B[md];W[kb];B[of];W[ne];B[ld]LB[kc:a][nf:b]C['b' is a ladder that must favor Black for 'a' and 'b' to be miai. ])
(;W[qg];B[rg];W[rh]LB[pg:a][rf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' captures the corner, but gives White superior thickness.]
(;B[pg];W[of];B[qh];W[ma];B[mc];W[lc];B[md];W[kb];B[ld];W[la];B[mg]C[White gets the corner, Black get slightly better influence.])
(;B[rf];W[pg];B[sd];W[lc]C[Locally, White's thickness is better than Black's corner profit.])))
(;B[mc]C[Black gives up the fight.];W[md];B[lc];W[qg];B[qe];W[rf]C[White 32 ensures capture of the Black stones.];B[pe];W[of]))
(;W[ma]C[White 26 is a mistake.];B[mc];W[lc];B[md];W[kb]LB[ne:a][ld:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[ne])
(;B[ld]C[Black 31 is a mistake.];W[la]C[And White wins the fight.]))))
(;W[rd];B[qe];W[rc];B[nb];W[pe];B[qf];W[sb];B[lc];W[og];B[ph]C[White's center stones are hard-pressed, but the overall board position may make this reasonable.]))
(;B[rd];W[oc];B[pe];W[od];B[rb];W[ob];B[rc];W[pa];B[qh])))
(;B[rc]C[Black 7 lacks style, and gives White a better result.];W[qb];B[pe];W[od];B[re];W[rb];B[sb];W[ob];B[pg])
(;B[od]C[Black 7 is not a good move.];W[pe];B[oc];W[oe];B[rc];W[qb];B[rb]LB[qe:a][rd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe];B[rd];W[nc];B[pb];W[ob];B[qa];W[mf])
(;W[rd];B[qe];W[qf];B[re];W[rf];B[sd];W[nc])))
(;B[cq]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[pd]LB[pe:a][qe:b]C[This position is the same as Black 1 contacting a White star-point stone (6); see variation 4-1-1-1-2.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.])))
(;W[od]LB[pf:a][qf:b][oc:c][oe:d][mc:e][ld:f][md:g][kd:h][pd:i][pc:j]C[The 5-4 approach move has become more popular in modern times, as modern Go emphasizes speed and influence.

Black responds at 'a' to 'j', or plays elsewhere.

j10, i9, h8, g7, f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1

outcomes:
a1, b2 - Black right; White top
c3 - Black corner & right; avalanche
d4, e5 - Black choice
f6 - Black choice; Magic Sword of Muramasa
g7, h8 - Black right; White top
i9 - Black corner & right; White top
j10 - Black corner & sente; White top]
(;B[pf];W[qc];B[rc];W[pc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[re:a][rb:b]
(;B[re];W[kc];B[ne]C[Continuation. White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[mc:a][oe:b]
(;W[mc];B[ld];W[lc])
(;W[oe];B[of];W[nf];B[me];W[mc];B[ld];W[lc];B[ng]))
(;B[rb];W[kc]LB[qj:a][ic:b][ne:c]C[Black extends to 'a', or, with support in the top-left corner, may play 'b'. If 'b' doesn't work (because of lack of support), Black may press at 'c'.]
(;B[qj])
(;B[ic]AB[dd]LB[ke:a][dp:b]C[Black may play 9 as a check if there is Black support in the top-left corner. White must reply; 'a' is suitable. White cannot afford to play elsewhere ('b').]
(;W[ke])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere, a mistake.];B[mc];W[md];B[lc];W[ld];B[kb];W[kd];B[jc];W[nc]))
(;B[ne]LB[mc:a][oe:b]C[White may submit with 'a'. If the ladder to the bottom left corner favors White, White may resist with 'b'.]
(;W[mc];B[ld];W[lc])
(;W[oe]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.];B[of];W[nf]C[White 12 must not be able to be caught in a ladder.];B[me];W[mc]C[White 14 can only be played if White 12 cannot be captured in a ladder.];B[ld]C[Black 16 takes care of the ladder issue for White 12.];W[lc]LB[ng:a]C[White might like to resist with 'a', but White 16 is correct.];B[ng]C[White 12 can be captured because of the Black 15, White 16 exchange.

White has territory in sente, Black has thickness: a fairly even exchange.];W[mf]
;B[lg]))))
(;B[qf];W[qc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rc:a][pc:b]
(;B[rc];W[pc];B[rb];W[kc])
(;B[pc];W[pd];B[qb];W[rc];B[rd];W[oc];B[pb];W[ob];B[rb];W[kc]))
(;B[oc]LB[nc:a][pd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. 

White 'b' leads to the avalanche pattern, which has complex variations. Black has the initial choice of joseki with this pattern. The outcome is typically Black gets the corner and out on the side, White thickness.]
(;W[nc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pc:a][ob:b]
(;B[pc]LB[md:a][nd:b][nf:c][dp:d]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c', or plays elsewhere ('d').]
(;W[md]LB[qf:a][ne:b][jd:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c', or plays elsewhere.]
(;B[qf];W[ic])
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[qe];B[pd];W[pe];B[oe];W[nd];B[re];W[rf];B[rd]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pg:a][qg:b]
(;W[pg])
(;W[qg];B[of];W[pg]))
(;B[ne]LB[nd:a][oe:b][me:c]C[White can respond with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[nd];B[pe];W[ic];B[qj])
(;W[oe];B[nb];W[nf];B[mb];W[qe];B[re];W[qg])
(;W[me]C[White 8 is a special strategy, playable only if White benefits from influence to the top side, as locally White suffers a signifcant loss.];B[nb];W[mb];B[nd];W[mc];B[nf];W[mg];B[ng];W[nh];B[mf];W[lf];B[oh];W[mh]
;B[oi])))
(;W[nd]LB[qf:a][pe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qf];W[jc]LB[jd:a]C[White 8 at 'a' is also good.])
(;B[pe];W[jc]LB[jd:a]C[White 8 at 'a' is also good.];B[qj]))
(;W[nf]LB[ng:a]AB[jd]C[White 6 or 'a' is a special move influenced by the situation at the top. If Black has a stone close to the side handicap stone (as shown), White 6 may be a good, light move.];B[nb]AB[jd]LB[mc:a][qf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[mc];B[mb];W[lc]C[This sequence favors White.])
(;W[qf]C[White switches to the right side.];B[mc];W[pj]))
(;W[dp]LB[nd:a][jc:b]C[White plays elsewhere.

Black can play at 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd];W[mc]C[White must have the ladder at Black 7 to play this way, or make a submissive move later.];B[ne];W[jc])
(;B[jd];W[nf])))
(;B[ob]LB[nd:a][oe:b][ne:c]C[Black 5 was one of Kitani Minoru's favorite moves. White can answer at 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[nd];B[pd];W[jd])
(;W[oe]LB[pd:a][pf:b]C[White 6 was an invention of Go Seigen. Black continues with 'a', possibly 'b'.]
(;B[pd];W[nb];B[pf];W[ic])
(;B[pf]C[Black 7 may have been an innovation by Fujisawa Shuko in 1965.]))
(;W[ne]C[White 6 was invented by Takagawa Kaku.];B[pd];W[pe];B[qe];W[pf];B[qf];W[pg])))
(;W[pd];B[pc];W[qe]LB[re:a][qc:b][nd:c][nc:d][rd:e]AB[nc]AE[nc]C[This starts the avalanche pattern. Black can respond at 'a' to 'd'. Black 'a' is peaceful, 'b' steady, 'c' the small avalanche and Black 'd', White 'c' gives the large avalanche.

Black must have the ladder to play 'c'.

Black 'e' is sometimes seen in amatuer games.

e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;B[re]LB[rd:a][qf:b]C[Joseki continues with White 'a'. White 'b' is also possible.]
(;W[rd];B[qc];W[rf]LB[nd:a][pe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd];W[pf]LB[of:a][dp:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or plays elsewhere ('b').]
(;B[of]C[Continuation.];W[og];B[ng];W[oh];B[ne];W[nh])
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[rc]LB[mc:a][of:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mc])
(;B[of];W[og];B[ng];W[oh];B[ne];W[pe]LB[nc:a]C[White must connect with 20 because he is aiming at the cutting point of 'a'.];B[lc])))
(;B[pe];W[qf];B[nd];W[oe]))
(;W[qf]C[White 8 was played by Go Seigen against Karigane Junichi on February 25, 1942.];B[nd];W[qc];B[rd];W[qb];B[pb];W[nc];B[nb];W[mc];B[ne];W[of];B[rb];W[pa]
;B[ob];W[mb];B[rc];W[nf];B[ld];W[lf];B[le];W[jc]))
(;B[qc];W[nd]LB[mc:a][re:b]C[White 8 is the only move.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mc];W[pf])
(;B[re];W[qf];B[rf];W[qg];B[mc];W[le];B[lc]CR[nc]C[Black 15 is necessary to allow for a push at the red dot.]))
(;B[nd]C[The small avalanche. Black must have the ladder.];W[qc];B[rd];W[qb];B[re]LB[pf:a][qf:b]C[White continues with 'a' to resolve the situation, or 'b' to provoke a tough fight. White must have the ladder to play 'b'.]
(;W[pf]LB[qf:a][of:b][ne:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.

Black takes the top with 'a', White the right. 

Black takes the corner and center, with White on the right and top sides with 'b'.

Black takes a large corner with 'c', with White taking the right, and a fight at top.]
(;B[qf];W[nc];B[pe];W[oe];B[of];W[ne];B[pg];W[md])
(;B[of];W[pg];B[ne];W[pe];B[pb];W[nc];B[nb];W[mc];B[rb];W[mb];B[oa];W[jc];B[oi]C[Possible continuation.]
;W[oh];B[nh];W[pi];B[ni];W[pk])
(;B[ne];W[of];B[pb];W[nc];B[pa];W[oa];B[nb];W[mc];B[mb];W[lc];B[lb];W[kc];B[nf]
;W[rf];B[rb];W[ng];B[lf];W[oh]))
(;W[qf]LB[ne:a][rf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' if the ladder favors White, or 'b' if Black has the ladder.]
(;B[ne];W[of];B[pb];W[nc];B[nb];W[mc];B[rb];W[mb];B[oa])
(;B[rf]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way.];W[nc]LB[oe:a][qg:b]C[Black plays 'a' if the ladder favors. If not, Black plays 'b' (which is not joseki).]
(;B[oe];W[pe];B[qg])
(;B[qg]LB[ob:a][oe:b]C[White plays 'a' and takes swaps two stones with Black.  White can save his two stones with 'b'.]
(;W[ob];B[pe];W[pb];B[pf]C[Black 7 is now meaningless.])
(;W[oe];B[mc];W[nb];B[md];W[nf]C[White must play 20 to avoid being squeezed.];B[jd])))))
(;B[nc]LB[nd:a][rd:b]C[The large avalanche if White 'a'. White 'b' to avoid the avalanche.]
(;W[nd]LB[md:a][mc:b]C[Black starts the large avalanche with Black 'a'. Black 'b' avoids the avalanche joseki.]
(;B[md]C[The large avalanche joseki.];W[qc];B[rd];W[qb]LB[rb:a][re:b][rc:c]C[Black can continue at 'a' to 'c'. These moves appeared in succession after the joseki was invented in the early Showa period (1926-1984).]
(;B[rb];W[mc];B[pb];W[lc];B[me];W[of])
(;B[re]LB[mc:a][qf:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[mc];B[me];W[pf];B[qf];W[pe]
(;B[pg];W[pb];B[lc];W[mb];B[qg]C[The definitive pattern around the mid-1950s.])
(;B[mb]C[Black 19 was played by Iwamoto Kaoru against Kitani Minoru in November 1947 in game 3 of the 4th Honinbo title.]AB[dd];W[lc];B[lb];W[qg];B[rf];W[ph];B[rb];W[kc];B[og];W[pg];B[pb];W[lf]
;B[mf];W[mg];B[kd];W[ic];B[jc];W[jb];B[jd];W[kb];B[kf];W[kg];B[jf];W[gc];B[jg]
;W[kh];B[ge];W[db]))
(;W[qf];B[rb]LB[mc:a][pb:b]C[White continues at 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[mc];B[lc];W[mb];B[pb];W[kc];B[me]LB[lb:a][of:b]C[White is in trouble. 'a' and 'b' are miai for Black. If, however, the ladder is favorable for White, there is a way out.];W[of]CR[ld]C[White plays this way if the ladder is favorable at the red dot.];B[lb];W[nb]
;B[rc];W[ld];B[kb];W[jb];B[kd];W[le];B[mf];W[jc]LB[kf:a]C[If White has the ladder, pressing at 'a' is good enough for Black.])
(;W[pb];B[lc])))
(;B[rc]C[Black 13 was invented by Go Seigen, and was considered revolutionary.];W[mc];B[lc];W[rb];B[re];W[mb];B[nb];W[lb];B[pb];W[kc];B[me];W[of];B[qf]
;W[nf];B[ke];W[hc];B[lg];W[oi];B[qi]))
(;B[mc]C[Black 9, a bit submissive, but adequate, avoids the avalanche.];W[rd];B[qc];W[pf]))
(;W[rd]C[White avoids the avalanche.];B[qc];W[pf]))
(;B[rd]LB[nd:a][nc:b]C[Black 7 has the advantage of Black later extending down the right from Black 7. White continues with 'a'. White 'b' may be possible with support on the right.]
(;W[nd]LB[qc:a]C[White treats Black 7 as equivalent to a solid connection at 'a', so White 8 is the only move, but unlike the solid connection, a potential cutting point at 'a' remains.])
(;W[nc];B[nd];W[nb];B[ne];W[pe];B[re]LB[qb:a]C[Unless Black can the two White cutting stones, Black 13 is advised. Black 'a' is too submissive.];W[qg]))))
(;B[oe]LB[ne:a][nd:b][qc:c][pe:d]C[The idea of Black 3 is not to fall behind in influence. White continues with 'a' to 'c'. White 'd' is not joseki.

a1 - Black choice
b2 - Black right, White top
c3 - Black choice
]
(;W[ne]LB[pe:a][of:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'a' is typical. 

Black 'b' shows a tough attitude. If White plays in an equally uncompromising way, a large-scale complex fight can result.]
(;B[pe]LB[md:a][qc:b][nf:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.

b2 - Black corner toward top]
(;W[md]LB[oc:a][nf:b][nc:c]C[Black continues with 'a' for territory or 'b' for influence. 

White 'c' is an old pattern, no longer considered joseki.]
(;B[oc];W[nc];B[ob]LB[ng:a][ic:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b', or plays elsewhere.])
(;B[nf];W[mf]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[ng:a][mg:b]
(;B[ng];W[mg];B[nh]LB[qc:a][oc:b]C[The joseki ends. A White play at 'a' is unreasonable. Black 'b' secures considerable profit.];W[qc]C[White 12 is unreasonable (not joseki).];B[pc];W[pd];B[oc];W[nd];B[qb]LB[qe:a][rc:b]C[White cannot gain anything by cutting at 'a'. If White 'b', Black 'a' and it is all over.]
)
(;B[mg]C[The two-step hane was not seen in classical Go. They are unyielding moves peculiar to modern Go.];W[ng];B[of];W[lf]LB[mh:a][lg:b][dp:c]C[Black 'a' is mild, 'b' joseki. Variation 'c' shows continuation if Black plays elsewhere.]
(;B[mh];W[qc];B[rc];W[pc])
(;B[lg]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[kf:a][kg:b]
(;W[kf];B[nh]LB[qc:a][oc:b]C[The joseki concludes. But the question of whether White plays 'a' or Black plays 'b' is important for corner profit. That Black 'b' is possible is a matter of course, but Black can counterattack against White 'a'.];W[qc]LB[pd:a][pc:b]C[Continuation. White is naturally eager to play 16.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;B[pd];W[pc];B[oc];W[nd];B[ob];W[pb];B[mb]LB[rd:a][pa:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 2 is a tough move resulting in continued fighting.]
(;W[rd];B[re];W[mc];B[nb];W[lb];B[rc];W[rb];B[sd];W[pa];B[ra];W[ma];B[qb];W[na]
;B[sb];W[nc])
(;W[pa]C[White 2 is a strong answer.];B[lb];W[rd];B[re];W[jb]C[Future prospects are uncertain.]))
(;B[pc];W[pd];B[oc];W[nd];B[qb];W[qe];B[rc];W[og]LB[pf:a]C[Black can save his stones with 'a', but the three center stones are adrift.]))
(;W[kg];B[kf]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[kd:a][je:b]
(;W[kd]C[White 16 if White does not have the ladder.];B[jf];W[kh];B[nh])
(;W[je]C[White 16 if White has the ladder.];B[nh];W[jf])))
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere. White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nh:a][qc:b]
(;W[nh];B[oc];W[nc];B[ob])
(;W[qc];B[rc];W[pc];B[nh];W[lg];B[og];W[mi]))))
(;B[nc];W[nd];B[oc]LB[pd:a][mc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is too mild.]
(;W[pd];B[pc];W[qe]C[White 12 is a sacrifice manoeuvre.];B[qf];W[re];B[rd];W[rf];B[qg];W[qc];B[rc];W[qb];B[rb];W[mc]
;B[mb];W[pb];B[ob];W[oa];B[nb];W[lb];B[qa]LB[og:a][pf:b]C[White continues at 'a', or if the ladder is favorable, at 'b'.]
(;W[og];B[pf];W[qh];B[rg];W[rh]LB[of:a][pg:b]C[White ends in gote, but has powerful thickness, plus forcing moves at 'a' and 'b'.])
(;W[pf]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.];B[of];W[og]LB[pg:a][nf:b]C[Black continues at 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pg];W[nf];B[pf];W[oh];B[rg];W[rh];B[qh];W[qi];B[ri];W[qj])
(;B[nf];W[pg]LB[mf:a][qh:b]C[White 'a' and 'b' are miai.])))
(;W[mc];B[pd];W[ic]C[The result favors Black.])))
(;W[qc];B[pc];W[pd];B[oc];W[nd];B[qb];W[qe];B[rc];W[rd];B[qc]LB[pf:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b', depending on the ladder.]
(;W[pf]C[White 16 if a favorable ladder.])
(;W[of];B[pf];W[pg];B[qf];W[qg];B[re];W[rf];B[qe];W[og]))
(;W[nf];B[nd];W[md];B[nc];W[mc];B[ob];W[nb];B[oc]))
(;B[of]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pd:a][md:b]
(;W[pd];B[qe]LB[qc:a][nd:b][kd:c][md:d][pb:e]C[Next, White 'a'is the strongest move. Other moves which give up the 3-3 point are a compromise. White 'b' is playable. White 'c' is the standard move at top. White 'd' does not give a favorable result. White 'e' is an old pattern.]
(;W[qc]LB[nd:a][qg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. The cut at 'a' is natural, while 'b' avoids complications and takes sente, but can also be seen as backing down from the original challenge.]
(;B[nd]LB[nc:a][md:b]C[White 'a' is joseki. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[nc];B[md];W[mc];B[ld];W[lc];B[kd];W[pe];B[pf];W[qf]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rc:a][qg:b]
(;B[rc];W[pb];B[rf];W[qg];B[rg];W[qh];B[rb]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[jb:a][ng:b]
(;W[jb];B[nf])
(;W[ng];B[nf];W[mf]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[me:a][mg:b]
(;B[me];W[mg];B[kc];W[kb];B[jb];W[la])
(;B[mg];W[og];B[me];W[lf];B[kc];W[kb];B[jb];W[la];B[mh];W[kg])))
(;B[qg];W[rf];B[ph]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rd:a][jc:b]
(;W[rd];B[kc])
(;W[jc];B[pc];W[oc];B[rc];W[qb];B[re];W[rb];B[rg])))
(;W[md];B[nc];W[mc]LB[ob:a][nb:b][mb:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. If Black 'b', White plays 'c', and the unreasonable move of White 10 succeeds.];B[ob];W[pb];B[mb]C[White is at a loss for how to proceed.]))
(;B[qg];W[pb]LB[rc:a][nd:b]C[White 10 is correct shape, guarding against 'a' and 'b'.]))
(;W[nd]C[White 8 is possible, but not often seen in actual play.];B[qc];W[jc]C[The position of White 10 is flexible, depending on the situation in the top-left corner.])
(;W[kd];B[qc]LB[ob:a]C[White ignores Black 9 and plays elsewhere. This pattern is sometimes seen in professional games, but Black has the move at 'a', so White undeniably seems thin.])
(;W[md]C[White 8 is not recommended.];B[nc];W[nd];B[qc]LB[pb:a]C[White has no good followup. White 'a', keeping the peep stone separated from the others, does not give White good shape.];W[pb];B[mb];W[ob];B[kc])
(;W[pb];B[qc];W[lc]))
(;W[md];B[pd];W[oc];B[pj];W[ic])))
(;W[nd];B[pd];W[ne];B[of];W[jc])
(;W[qc]LB[nd:a][pe:b][pd:c][rc:d]C[White 4 is an attempt to complicate the situation, and can lead to undreamed-of variations. 

Black responds with 'a' to 'c'. Black 'a' is usual. Black 'b' is also easy to understand. Black 'c' is a scary move leading to complications.

Black 'd' does not appear in joseki books.]
(;B[nd]LB[pd:a][oc:b][pc:c]C[White continues with 'a'. 

White 'b' is submissive. 

White 'c' is heavy.]
(;W[pd];B[pe];W[qe];B[rd]LB[rc:a][re:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a trick play.]
(;W[rc]LB[ob:a][qf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[ob];W[re];B[pc];W[sd];B[qd]LB[qh:a][dp:b]CR[rd]C[White continues at 'a'. White playing at the red dot would be pointless.

White should not play elsewhere ('b').]
(;W[qh])
(;W[dp]LB[ph:a][rg:b]C[White plays elsewhere. Black continues with 'a', or 'b' if the position merits taking the right side.]
(;B[ph]LB[rg:a][cq:b]C[Black forces White low at 'a'. White plays elsewhere with 'b' (not recommended, but White can live).]
(;W[rg]C[White aims to cut later.];B[dd]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[pf]C[White's continuation.];B[of];W[pg];B[og];W[oh]C[The cut White was aiming at.])
(;W[cq]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[rg];W[pb];B[oc];W[qa]))
(;B[rg];W[qg];B[qh];W[pf];B[ph];W[of];B[ne])))
(;B[qf]C[Black 11 is resourceless.];W[re];B[rf];W[sd];B[ne]C[Connecting in gote is not good enough.]))
(;W[re];B[rc];W[qb]LB[qf:a][rb:b]C[Black 'a' foils the trick play. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qf];W[rf];B[rg];W[qg];B[pf];W[rh];B[pg];W[qh];B[ob];W[pc];B[rb])
(;B[rb];W[ob])))
(;W[oc]C[Submissive, not joseki.];B[pe];W[pb]LB[rc:a][nc:b]C[If White 8 at 'a', Black 'b' is sente.];B[mf])
(;W[pc];B[ne]LB[pe:a][nc:b]C[Black 7 is simple. Black goes for influence. White may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pe];B[pf])
(;W[nc];B[mc])))
(;B[pe];W[nd];B[ne];W[md];B[rc];W[pc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qj:a][rb:b]
(;B[qj]LB[ic:a][rb:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b' or elsewhere.])
(;B[rb];W[ic]))
(;B[pd];W[pc];B[oc];W[nd];B[ob];W[rd]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[re:a][rc:b]
(;B[re]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way.];W[rc];B[qe];W[nc];B[nb];W[mb];B[mc];W[lb])
(;B[rc];W[rb];B[qb];W[sc];B[pb];W[rc];B[qf]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[re:a][mc:b]
(;W[re];B[ne];W[md];B[lc]C[The future is uncertain.])
(;W[mc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[re:a][mb:b]
(;B[re];W[ne];B[ra];W[of])
(;B[mb];W[lb];B[nc];W[md];B[na];W[re];B[pg];W[rf];B[rg];W[ra]))))
(;B[rc]LB[pc:a]C[White 'a' is heavy.]))
(;W[pe]C[White 4 is not joseki, but there are many possible variations, and the surrounding situation may be a factor.];B[pd];W[pf];B[nd];W[oc];B[nc];W[pb];B[nb];W[qb];B[ob];W[pc];B[rc];W[rb]
;B[rf];W[rg];B[re]LB[qg:a][sb:b]C[White 'a' seals Black in on the right, and is the best White can do. White 'b', Black 'a', and White still cannot make life.]))
(;B[mc]LB[qc:a][ne:b][md:c][ob:d]C[White responds with 'a' to 'd'. White rarely ignores the pincer. 

To play at 'a', White needs the ladder to play joseki.

a1 - Black choice of corner, top or right, plus trick plays
b2 - Black choice of top or right
c3 - Black choice of top or corner
d4 - Black corner & choice of top or left]
(;W[qc]LB[pc:a][rc:b][pd:c]C[The aim of White 4 is to settle the position promptly, but Black may have other plans.

Black responds with 'a' to 'c'.

Black 'a' offers trick plays for Black.

Black 'b' does settle the position, with Black taking the right, White out to the center toward the top (but with Black aji from the pincer).

Black 'c' is a tough move, traditionally regarded as a trick play. White must have the ladder to play this way.]
(;B[pc];W[pd]LB[oc:a][qb:b]C[Black 'a' is joseki. 

Black 'b' is a trick play, but Black comes out well from it.]
(;B[oc];W[nc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nd:a][nb:b]
(;B[nd];W[nb];B[qb];W[rc];B[ob]LB[qe:a][mb:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White must have the ladder to play 'b'.]
(;W[qe]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[mb:a][rb:b]
(;B[mb];W[ne];B[md])
(;B[rb]C[Black tries a forcing move. White continues with 'a'. For White to play 'b' is too submissive.]LB[oa:a][rd:b]
(;W[oa];B[pb];W[mb];B[rd];W[re];B[sc];W[lc];B[pe];W[oe];B[pf];W[ne];B[qg])
(;W[rd]C[White 14 is submissive and not joseki.];B[md])))
(;W[mb]LB[qe:a][md:b]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.

Black plays 'a' if the ladder favors White, 'b' if Black has the ladder (and the game is over).]
(;B[qe];W[pf];B[rb];W[lc]LB[md:a][pe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. 'a' leads to fighting, while 'b' gives settled shapes.]
(;B[md];W[ld];B[mf];W[pe];B[le];W[oa];B[pb];W[qf];B[rd];W[re];B[sc];W[jd];B[ke]
;W[hc]LB[pi:a][oh:b]C[The likely continuation is Black 'a', White 'b'.])
(;B[pe];W[oe];B[of];W[ne];B[nf];W[me]))
(;B[md]C[Black has the ladder and White has lost.];W[oa];B[pb];W[rb];B[pe])))
(;B[nb]LB[qe:a][nd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' if the ladder doesn't work, but that is not joseki.]
(;W[qe]LB[nd:a][rd:b]C[The exchange of Black 'a', White 'b' is alright for White.];B[rd];W[nd];B[pb];W[re];B[rc];W[md];B[lc];W[qj])
(;W[nd];B[qe];W[mb];B[ob];W[lb];B[qb];W[ld]C[If White could catch Black 3 in a ladder, the ponnuki shape would be an equal result. The geta is less favorable.])))
(;B[qb];W[rc]LB[qe:a][rd:b]C[Black 'a' and 'b' are both possible.]
(;B[qe]LB[pb:a][oc:b][nc:c]C[White 'a' is correct. White takes the top, Black the corner and right.

White 'b' is a mistake, and White 'c' only slightly better.]
(;W[pb];B[oc]LB[nc:a][rb:b]C[White 'a' is correct. White 'b', grimly clinging to the corner, is a mistake.]
(;W[nc];B[ob];W[nb];B[pa];W[md];B[oe];W[jd]LB[rb:a][dp:b]C[Black must continue at 'a'. Playing elsewhere ('b') results in a "flower-viewing" two-step ko for White.]
(;B[rb])
(;B[dp];W[rb];B[ra];W[na];B[oa];W[sa];B[sb];W[sc]))
(;W[rb];B[ob];W[qa]LB[nd:a][ne:b]C[Black may try 'a' or 'b'. 

Black 'a' gives black two groups (right and top).

Black 'b' give thickness at the expense of the two Black stones (1,9).]
(;B[nd];W[pf]LB[pe:a][pg:b]C[Black 'a' is a mistake. Black 'b' is tesuji.]
(;B[pe]C[Black 17 is no good.];W[oe];B[of];W[ne];B[pg];W[nf];B[og];W[md];B[nc];W[ld];B[lc];W[kd];B[kc]
;W[jd]LB[rg:a]C[White can aim at 'a'.])
(;B[pg]LB[of:a][qf:b]C[White 'a' is correct. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[of];B[qf])
(;W[qf];B[pe];W[oe];B[of];W[ne];B[rf];W[nf];B[og];W[md];B[nc];W[ld];B[lc];W[kd]
;B[kc];W[jd]C[The loss of the two White stones (16,18) makes this a loss for White.])))
(;B[ne];W[nd];B[md];W[oe];B[of];W[nf];B[me];W[pf];B[og];W[pe];B[pg];W[qf];B[qg]
;W[rf])))
(;W[oc];B[pb];W[ob];B[rb];W[of];B[jc])
(;W[nc];B[ob];W[nb];B[rb];W[md]))
(;B[rd];W[pb];B[oc]LB[rb:a][nc:b]C[White 'a', clinging to the corner, is a mistake.

White best continue with 'b'.]
(;W[rb];B[ob];W[qa];B[nd]LB[pf:a][qe:b]C[White 'a' is the best White can do.

White 'b' gets White sealed in (but White gets the corner).]
(;W[pf];B[qg];W[pg];B[qh];W[ph];B[qi]C[The result favors Black.])
(;W[qe];B[re];W[qf];B[of];W[pe];B[qg];W[rf];B[rg]))
(;W[nc];B[ob];W[nb];B[pa];W[md];B[qf]))))
(;B[rc];W[pc];B[re]LB[ne:a][pf:b]C[Joseki continues with White 'a'. 

White 'b' is a bit unreasonable.]
(;W[ne]LB[pg:a][kd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. 

Black 'b' is not joseki, as Black is pressed down on the right.]
(;B[pg];W[ld];B[kc];W[lc]C[Continuation.];B[lb]LB[md:a][mb:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White needs the ladder to capture Black 11 to play 'b'.]
(;W[md]LB[nc:a][mb:b][je:c]C[Black 'a' next is bad, as White cuts at 'b'. Black 'b' is also bad, as White plays 'c'. As he has no good continuation, Black plays elsewhere and waits to see what White does.])
(;W[mb]LB[nb:a][kb:b][jc:c]C[Fujisawa Hosai 9-dan invented this. If Black 'a', White 'b' and 'c', assuming White has the ladder. This way of playing is frightening.]))
(;B[kd];W[qf];B[qg]LB[pg:a][rf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.  White 'b' starts local fighting.]
(;W[pg];B[rg];W[ph];B[qi];W[id])
(;W[rf];B[rg];W[se])))
(;W[pf]LB[rb:a][qg:b]C[Black 'a' and 'b' are possible continuations.

White leaves himself open to be cut later.]
(;B[rb])
(;B[qg])))
(;B[pd]C[Black 5 is a tough move, traditionally regarded as a trick play.];W[pc];B[oc]LB[rd:a][ob:b][oe:c]C[White 'a' is joseki. 

White 'b' and 'c' are not joseki. White 'b' gives Black favorable thickness. 

White 'c' gives Black an option to fight (at Black's advantage) or settle (to Black's slight advantage) with Black in the corner and on the right, White taking the top.]
(;W[rd]LB[oe:a][qe:b][re:c]C[Black 'a' is joseki.

Black 'b' starts a fight.

Black 'c' has various outcomes.]
(;B[oe];W[nd];B[nc]LB[re:a][ne:b]C[White 'a' is joseki. White 'b' starts a fight (rather needlessly).]
(;W[re]LB[me:a][ne:b]C[Black plays 'a' if the ladder is unfavorable, 'b' if the ladder works.]
(;B[me];W[pe];B[md])
(;B[ne]))
(;W[ne];B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[of]LB[qh:a][pb:b]C[Black 'a' give Black top and right, White corner and center, a complicated but equal result.

Black 'b' takes the corner (20 points) while giving White superior thickness.]
(;B[qh];W[ob];B[nb];W[pa];B[jc])
(;B[pb];W[qb];B[ob];W[qg]LB[sd:a][rg:b]C[Black 'a' and 'b' lead to the same outcome.]
(;B[sd];W[rf];B[sb];W[qf];B[sc];W[pe];B[se]C[Black's territory is 20 points, but White has superior thickness.])
(;B[rg];W[rh];B[rf];W[qi];B[sb];W[qf];B[sd];W[pe];B[sc]C[Same outcome as 'a': Black has 20 corner points, White superior thickness.]))))
(;B[qe];W[re];B[qf];W[ob];B[nc];W[oe]C[The White stone takes flight.])
(;B[re]LB[nc:a][qe:b][oe:c]C[White 'a' has various outcomes. 

White 'b' favors the top, but give Black great thickness on the right.]
(;W[nc];B[ob];W[nb]LB[nd:a][oe:b]C[Black 'a' is better than 'b'.]
(;B[nd];W[oe];B[mb]LB[qe:a][ne:b]C[White 'a' takes the top favorably. White 'b' gives Black a choice of top or right, but White still has a favorable result.]
(;W[qe]C[White is slightly better off.])
(;W[ne]LB[rc:a][na:b]C[Black 'a' takes the corner, but gives White advantageous thickness. Black 'b' takes the top with White at an advantage again.]
(;B[rc];W[qe];B[sd];W[pe];B[rd];W[na];B[qb];W[md]C[The result favors White.])
(;B[na];W[qe]CR[qb]C[Black still has the endgame attachment at the red dot.])))
(;B[oe];W[nd];B[rc]C[Black 3 is terribly weakened.]))
(;W[qe];B[pe];W[oe];B[pf];W[nc];B[ob];W[nb];B[of]LB[md:a][rc:b]C[White 'a' takes the right while giving Black thickness. White 'b' takes the corner, but White gets sealed in (bad for White).]
(;W[md];B[rc];W[pb])
(;W[rc];B[nd];W[ne];B[md];W[pb];B[mf]C[Black fences White in, which is terrible for White.]))))
(;W[ob]C[White 8 is wrong.];B[nc];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qf]LB[oe:a][pf:b]C[If White 'a', Black 'b'. Moving out White 2 only creates a burden for White.])
(;W[oe]LB[ob:a][rc:b]C[Black 'a' starts a fight at which Black has an advantage.

Black 'b' yields a settled result slightly to Black's favor; Black has the corner and right, White the top.]
(;B[ob];W[rd];B[qe];W[re];B[qf];W[rb];B[pg];W[me];B[kd]C[White faces a disadvantageous fight.])
(;B[rc];W[nc];B[ob];W[nb];B[qb];W[md];B[pf]C[The result is rougly equal.]))))
(;W[ne]LB[qg:a][me:b][kd:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.

With Black 'a and 'b', outcomes vary depending on White's play.

With Black 'c', Black takes the top, White the right.]
(;B[qg]LB[qc:a][ld:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qc]LB[pc:a][rc:b]C[Black 'a' is joseki. Black 'b' is a strange move, giving Black a low position.]
(;B[pc];W[pd];B[oc];W[qe];B[rd];W[qf];B[rc];W[pg];B[dp]C[Suppose Black plays elsewhere.];W[nc]C[Later, White can aim for ko.];B[nb];W[md]LB[lc:a][pb:b]C[Black 'a' and 'b' result in ko, neither favorable to Black.]

(;B[lc]C[If Black 19, White gets a ko in the corner.];W[qb];B[pb];W[pa];B[ob];W[rb];B[sb];W[ra]LB[oa:a][re:b][mb:c]C[If Black 'a', White 'b' makes ko. Cutting at 'c' is no good for White as this becomes a double ko.])
(;B[pb];W[lc];B[mb]C[This is a great success for White.]))
(;B[rc]C[Black 7 is not good.];W[pc];B[re];W[ld]))
(;W[ld]LB[oc:a][pc:b]C[Joseki continues with Black 'a'. Black 'b' is also possible, depending on the global situation.]
(;B[oc]LB[lc:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a' (joseki). White 'b', trying to prevent Black connection, is unreasonable.]
(;W[lc];B[pd])
(;W[nc]C[White 8 is unreasonable.];B[nb];W[pc];B[nd];W[pd];B[oe]))
(;B[pc]LB[oc:a][lc:b]C[Takagawa introduced this play in the 1956 Honinbo title match. In that match, White continued at 'a'. White 'b' is also possible.]
(;W[oc];B[ic])
(;W[lc];B[nb]LB[md:a][me:b]C[Black connects with 9, and threatens Black 'a' and 'b'. White has no good answer to Black 9.]))))
(;B[me]C[Black plays 5 to prevent White from pressing down on his pincer. ];W[mf];B[md]LB[lf:a][pc:b]C[White continues with 'a' to take the right or 'b' to take the corner and center.]
(;W[lf];B[oc]LB[pd:a][pc:b]C[The position is usually left like this for the time being. White's continuations in the corner are 'a' and 'b'.];W[pd];B[pc];W[qe];B[rd];W[qg]C[White may continue here.])
(;W[pc]LB[lf:a][qc:b]C[White 8 forestalls the connection Black was hoping for. Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is submissive.]
(;B[lf];W[ng];B[qg];W[lg];B[kf];W[qc];B[qj])
(;B[qc]C[Black 9 is bad.];W[lf])))
(;B[kd]LB[qf:a][qc:b]C[Black 5 is a trick play.  White continues with 'b'. White must not attach at 'b'.]
(;W[qf];B[pe];W[pf];B[oe];W[of];B[nd];W[rc]C[White 12 is a tesuji.];B[me];W[nf];B[oc];W[rd])
(;W[qc]C[White has been tricked.];B[pc];W[pd];B[oc];W[qe];B[rd];W[nc];B[nb];W[nd];B[pb];W[re];B[rc];W[qi]C[White's moves appear reasonable, but compare the result to variation 2-4-5-1-1-1-2-1.]
)))
(;W[md]LB[ld:a][nc:b][nd:c]C[Black 'a' is usual; 'b' and 'c' are also possible. Black must have the ladder to play 'c'.]
(;B[ld];W[me];B[nc];W[oc])
(;B[nc];W[oc];B[nd]LB[pe:a][ne:b]C[White 'a' is joseki. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[pe]LB[nf:a][qe:b]C[Black 'a' is joseki. Black 'b' is not; the outcomes are favorable to White.]
(;B[nf];W[qe])
(;B[qe];W[ne]LB[lc:a][qf:b][ld:c][me:d][pf:e]C[Black may try 'a' to 'e'. 'a' and 'b' are miai for White.]
(;B[lc];W[qf])
(;B[qf];W[lc])
(;B[ld];W[me]LB[lc:a][qf:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai for White.];B[kc]LB[lc:a]C[Black may also connect solidly at 'a'.];W[qf];B[rf];W[qg];B[rg];W[qh])
(;B[me];W[ld]C[The continuation depends on the ladder and strategic considerations.])
(;B[pf];W[lc])))
(;W[ne]C[White 8 is an overplay.];B[oe];W[pe];B[of];W[pd];B[me];W[nf];B[og]))
(;B[nd]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way.];W[nc];B[ne]LB[oc:a][lc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. 'a' gives White the corner, 'b' gives White influence to the top.]
(;W[oc];B[lc];W[pe];B[le];W[qe])
(;W[lc]LB[oc:a][mb:b]C[Joseki continues with Black 'a'. Black 'b' has been used professionally.]
(;B[oc];W[mb];B[nb];W[mc];B[ob];W[mf];B[oe])
(;B[mb]C[Black 9 was played by Takagawa Shukaku against Kitani Minoru in the 1st Saikyo Title in March 1958.];W[oc];B[ld];W[me];B[mf];W[le];B[kd];W[lf];B[kc];W[pe];B[nf];W[lg];B[nh]
;W[qe];B[mi];W[if];B[hd];W[ki];B[qg];W[nb];B[lb];W[re]))))
(;W[ob];B[pf];W[ne]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qj:a][kd:b]
(;B[qj];W[kc])
(;B[kd];W[qh]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[og:a][ph:b]
(;B[og]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qe:a][pj:b]
(;W[qe];B[pe];W[pd];B[re];W[qc];B[qf];W[rc];B[pi])
(;W[pj];B[pc];W[oc];B[qb]))
(;B[ph];W[pi];B[oh];W[qe];B[pe];W[pd];B[re];W[qc];B[qf];W[rc]LB[pk:a][id:b]C[Black continues with 'a', White with 'b'.])))
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere. 

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[oc:a][pf:b]
(;B[oc];W[nd];B[nc];W[pd];B[pc];W[qe];B[rd])
(;B[pf];W[ne];B[pc];W[oc])))
(;B[ld]LB[of:a][pg:b][qe:c][qc:d][dp:e][pf:f]C[Black 3 is a relatively modern invention. It is a severe move which restricts White's movements. Some hair-raising variations are possible with c3, hence the nickname "the magic sword of Muramasa".

White responds with 'a' to 'c' (joseki). White 'd' is unfavorable with this pincer, as the pincer is in the way of White's extension. Var 5 ('e') shows White playing elsewhere (which is rare). White 'f' is no longer joseki, as Black cuts White regardless of the ladder.

a1, b2, c3, d4, e5, f6

outcomes:
a1 - Black right, White top
b2 - Black choice of right or top
c3 - Black choice or right or top
d4 - Black right]
(;W[of]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qf:a][qg:b]
(;B[qf];W[oh];B[qh];W[id])
(;B[qg];W[oh];B[pi];W[id]))
(;W[pg]LB[oe:a][pd:b][of:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. Black 'c' is still somewhat experimental.]
(;B[oe]LB[ne:a][pe:b]C[White continues in joseki  with 'a'. 

White 'b' is bad for White.]
(;W[ne]LB[of:a][pd:b]C[Black 'a' is joseki. Black 'b' first appeared in a title game in 1975 by Hashimoto Shoji against Rin Kaiho for the 13th Judan Title.]
(;B[of]LB[qf:a];W[pd]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pe:a][qf:b]
(;B[pe];W[qc]LB[qe:a][re:b][rc:c]C[Black continues with 'a' (Black sente) or 'b' (Black gote). Black 'c' is a trick play that can be foiled.]
(;B[qe];W[nc];B[rc];W[qb])
(;B[re]LB[rd:a][rc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' gives a slightly unfavorable result.]
(;W[rd];B[qe];W[nc];B[rc];W[rb];B[sd]C[The joseki concludes.];W[dp]LB[mb:a][qb:b]C[White plays elsewhere.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mb];W[pb])
(;B[qb];W[lb];B[pc];W[mf]C[White 22 is correct shape.]))
(;W[rc];B[nd];W[nc];B[md]LB[mb:a][ob:b]))
(;B[rc]LB[qe:a][rd:b]C[Black 11 is a trick play. White counters with 'a'. White falls into a trap with 'b'.]
(;W[qe]C[White counters the trick play.];B[rd];W[qf];B[nd];W[nc];B[md];W[qb];B[rb];W[ob];B[qa];W[pc]LB[mb:a][pa:b]C[White 22 is a good move. Black 'a' doesn't work because of White 'b'. Black 'b' is the only move, but it falls short.]
;B[pa];W[lb]LB[pb:a][ra:b]C[Black 'a' doesn't work. Black must play 'b'.]
(;B[pb];W[oc];B[kb];W[mb];B[lc];W[ra];B[sa];W[ka];B[jb];W[na];B[la];W[re])
(;B[ra];W[mb];B[re]C[Both sides live.]))
(;W[rd]C[White falls into a trap.];B[qe];W[rb];B[pc];W[qb];B[nd];W[oc];B[nc];W[ob];B[re])))
(;B[qf]LB[qc:a][nf:b][pe:c]C[White continues with 'b'. White 'a' gives an inferior result to White. White 'c' is vulgar and a bad play.]
(;W[qc];B[qe];W[nc];B[rc];W[qb])
(;W[nf];B[og];W[qc];B[qe];W[pb]LB[nd:a]C[White 14 protects the cutting point at 'a'.])
(;W[pe]C[White 10 is vulgar.];B[qe]CR[pf]C[Black cannot connect at the red dot. Connecting at 11 gives the corner or the side.];W[pf];B[rh])))
(;B[pd];W[of];B[oc];W[pe];B[nc]))
(;W[pe]C[White 6 is a mistake.];B[pd];W[ne];B[of];W[pf]LB[oc:a][nf:b][nd:c]C[Black can connect underneath with 'a' and gets a favorable result. If White cannot get a ladder with 'b', Black simply cuts at 'c'.]
(;B[oc];W[nd];B[nc];W[ng])
(;B[nd]C[Black plays 11 if White does not have the ladder.];W[oc];B[nc])))
(;B[pd];W[oe];B[oc];W[nc];B[nd];W[mc]LB[ob:a][ne:b][md:c][pc:d]C[Black plays 'a' or 'b'.

'c' and 'd' are miai. ]
(;B[ob];W[md];B[ne];W[me];B[nf];W[pe];B[og]C[The results from this are favorable to White. (Volume 2, page 113)];W[qe];B[ph];W[qg];B[qb]C[Black 21 is necessary to save the corner.];W[qh]
;B[pi];W[rj])
(;B[ne];W[ob];B[pc];W[pe]))
(;B[of]LB[og:a][pe:b][pf:c]C[Black 'c' was popular among leading amateur players, and is a recent introduction to professional Go, so all variations have not been explored.

White 'a' and 'b' are feasible. White 'c' is probably unreasonable.]
(;W[og]C[White 6 temporarily sacrifices the approach stone.];B[oe]LB[nd:a][pd:b]C[After Black 7 White plays elsewhere. Black will probably add a move at 'a' or 'b' at an early stage. ])
(;W[pe]C[This comes from Kajiwara (W) vs. Kuwahara (W), preliminary round, 14th Judan Title (1975).];B[pf];W[qe];B[qf];W[rf];B[qg];W[rd];B[nd];W[nc];B[oe];W[oc];B[mc];W[ne]
;B[md]C[White ends in sente, but Black has a good endgame move.];W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[pd]C[Black's endgame moves that are sente, and leave White with a small corner.];W[re];B[pb];W[pc];B[nb];W[qc])))
(;W[qe]LB[re:a][pe:b][pd:c]C[There is a ladder here, which should be favorable for White to play this way. 

Black 'a' is peaceful. Black 'a' is recommended for Black unless there are mitigating cirumstances. Black takes the right  with 'a'.

Black 'b' is fierce, but Black may have problems if White has the ladder, as Black develops cutting points and potentially loses the corner.

Black 'c' leads to the Magic Sword of Muramasa. If White has a favorable ladder, he will never get a bad result. Black takes the right, White much of the corner and into the center.]
(;B[re];W[pe];B[rf];W[qc]LB[rd:a][rc:b]C[Black 'a' is joseki. Black 'b' is pointless, and yields Black a low position.]
(;B[rd]LB[oc:a][pc:b]C[Joseki continues at 'a', an invention of Kubouchi Shuchi. The old joseki is at 'b', but White's shape has problems.]
(;W[oc];B[pg];W[lb])
(;W[pc];B[pg]LB[nf:a][mc:b]C[White moves out with 'a', or blocks at 'b'. Neither are particularly good.]
(;W[nf]LB[mc:a][nd:b]C[White's shape is thin. Black can spoil White's position with 'a' or 'b'. White 10 is too heavy.])
(;W[mc];B[lc];W[md]C[White becomes overconcentrated while making Black strong and with no compensation.];B[le];W[nf])))
(;B[rc];W[pd];B[rd];W[pg]LB[qh:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qh];W[oi])
(;B[qb];W[pi])))
(;B[pe];W[pd];B[qf]LB[re:a][qc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is timid.]
(;W[re];B[qc];W[rf];B[oe]LB[pb:a][ne:b][nd:c]C[White continues with 'a', hastening to take the corner, is joseki.

White 'b' next is bad. White 'c' is not mentioned in the joseki books.]
(;W[pb];B[qb];W[pc];B[qg];W[rd];B[ne]LB[rg:a][rb:b][ob:c]C[Black 'a' is sente (White responds at 'b'), but there is no hurry to play it.  Black may choose 'c' if the top is desired later.];W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[ob]C[Black takes the top.];W[qa]
;B[nd];W[rb])
(;W[ne];B[pg]LB[rg:a][nd:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai. White 'c' does little good. White 'd' results in a large loss.]
(;W[rg];B[nd])
(;W[nd];B[rg])
(;W[md];B[rg];W[le])
(;W[qg];B[nd];W[pf];B[of];W[og];B[nf];W[ph];B[me]))
(;W[nd];B[ob]C[Black can live in the corner or connect to the pincer stone. The outside stones have aji.]))
(;W[qc];B[re];W[rc];B[nc]))
(;B[pd];W[pe];B[oe]LB[rd:a][nd:b]C[The Magic Sword of Muramasa! If White has a favorable ladder, he will never get a bad result.

White continues with 'b'. White 'a' is not as favorable.]
(;W[rd];B[rc];W[re];B[oc];W[nd]LB[nc:a][ne:b]C[Black continues at 'a' or 'b'. Black 'b' puts White in trouble.]
(;B[nc]LB[mc:a][ne:b]C[White continues at 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[mc];B[md];W[ne];B[qb];W[of]C[Black has a slightly better result.])
(;W[ne];B[of];W[mc];B[qb]))
(;B[ne];W[nc];B[ob];W[nb];B[qb];W[me];B[og]LB[md:a][qg:b]C[Black 19 makes miai of 'a' and 'b', so White is in trouble.]))
(;W[nd]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[re:a][ne:b]
(;B[re];W[rf];B[rd];W[of];B[qf];W[ne];B[qg])
(;B[ne];W[me]C[Black 'a' is correct. Black 'b' shows foolish fighting spirit.]LB[og:a][mf:b]
(;B[og];W[md]C[White can afford to give up the two stones.];B[qg];W[pb]C[White 14 is a light and satisfying move for White.];B[re];W[id]LB[mf:a][rc:b]C[White 'a' is sente. White playing later at 'b' is big.])
(;B[mf];W[md];B[le]C[Black has too many cutting points. ];W[lc];B[kc];W[mb];B[lb];W[mc];B[kb];W[pc];B[qc];W[pb]LB[qb:a][re:b]C[Black 'a' ends in grief. Black 'b' builds magnificant thickness while giving a huge corner.]

(;B[qb];W[rd];B[rc];W[re];B[nb];W[sc]LB[sb:a][qa:b]C[If Black 'a', White 'b' wins the fight.])
(;B[re];W[rf];B[rd]LB[qb:a][qf:b]C[White 'a' is a mistake. White 'b' does better.]
(;W[qb];B[qg];W[qf];B[rg];W[sf];B[og];W[sd];B[lf])
(;W[qf]LB[og:a][qb:b]C[Black continues at 'a'. 

Black 'b' doesn't work if White has the ladder.]
(;B[og];W[qb];B[rb];W[sc];B[lf]C[White gets a better result.])
(;B[qb];W[nf];B[of];W[ng];B[og];W[oh];B[pg];W[ph];B[qg];W[lf]LB[mg:a][qh:b]C[If White has the ladder, Black 'a' and 'b' are both bad.]
(;B[mg];W[nh];B[lh]C[Black must reinforce, leading White to capture.];W[rg];B[qh];W[qi];B[rh];W[ri];B[sh];W[sg])
(;B[qh];W[mg];B[pi];W[hd])))))))))
(;W[qc]C[White 4 is not joseki, as Black 3 is right where White would like to extend.];B[rc]LB[pc:a][rb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b', giving Black superior thickness to White's small life in the corner, is sometimes seen in amateur games.]
(;W[pc];B[re]LB[of:a][mc:b]C[The pincer at 3 is blocking White's natural extension.

White continues with 'a' or 'b', neither particularly good.]
(;W[of];B[pg])
(;W[mc];B[lc]))
(;W[rb];B[pc];W[qb];B[pd];W[rd];B[re];W[sc];B[qf]))
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[pf]LB[qc:a][cq:b][of:c][pg:d][ne:e]C[White may try 'a' as a preliminary to jumping to the center. Var 2 ('b') covers White playing elsewhere again.

White cannot play c', provoking Black 'd', but White 'e' creates a cumbersome shape, so White lacks a good move into the center. This is the reason for not playing elsewhere.]
(;W[qc];B[rc]LB[pc:a][rd:b]C[White may play 'a' as a prelude to moving out in the center, or 'b' to settle himself lightly. White 'b' is preferable to 'a'.]
(;W[pc]C[Black gets nice shape on both sides and has no complaints.];B[rb];W[mc];B[lc];W[md];B[le];W[nf];B[ph])
(;W[rd];B[re];W[pd]LB[sd:a][qe:b]C[Black plays 'a' to prevent White settling in the corner, or 'b' to connect to Black 5.]
(;B[sd];W[qe];B[rd];W[of])
(;B[qe];W[rb];B[sd];W[pb])))
(;W[cq]C[White plays elsewhere again.];B[ne];W[qc]C[White can still make a small life in the corner.];B[rc];W[rb];B[pc];W[qb];B[pd];W[rd];B[re];W[sc]))
(;W[pf];B[oe];W[pe];B[pd]LB[ne:a][oc:b][nd:c]C[White 'a' is the best White can do. White 'b' is bad. White 'c' is not mentioned in the joseki books.]
(;W[ne];B[oc];W[of];B[nc]C[Black connects underneath and White cannot be proud of the result. White's shape is bad, as White 4 is not doing anything.])
(;W[oc]LB[ne:a][of:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ne]C[The upcoming fight favors Black.])
(;B[of];W[pg];B[og];W[ph];B[oh];W[pi];B[nd]LB[oi:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' doesn't work.]
(;W[oi];B[nc])
(;W[nc];B[mc];W[ne];B[md];W[qb];B[rb]LB[ra:a][pb:b]C[White sets up a losing ko with 'a', or dies with 'b'.]
(;W[ra];B[pb];W[pc];B[qc];W[pa])
(;W[pb];B[rc];W[re]LB[ra:a][nb:b]C[Black continues with 'a', the vital point. Black 'b' is bad.]
(;B[ra]C[Black 25 is the vital point.];W[mb];B[lb];W[na];B[la])
(;B[nb];W[ob];B[mb];W[ra])))))
(;W[nd]LB[nf:a][of:b]C[Black leaves options open with 'a'. Running White along the fourth line with 'b' seems unwise considering White 2 & 8 can escape.];B[nf])))
(;B[md]LB[of:a][qc:b][qe:c]C[White responds with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is unreasonable.]
(;W[of]LB[qf:a][oc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is vulgar and bad.]
(;B[qf];W[qc];B[rc];W[pc];B[rb];W[jd])
(;B[oc];W[pc];B[pd];W[nc];B[oe];W[ob];B[nd];W[oc]LB[pe:a][ne:b]C[Black may try 'a' or 'b'. White has good follow up moves to both.]
(;B[pe];W[ne])
(;B[ne];W[qf])))
(;W[qc];B[pd];W[pc];B[oe];W[oc];B[pf]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[mb:a][ne:b]
(;W[mb];B[ne])
(;W[ne];B[nd];W[nf];B[nb]))
(;W[qe];B[pd];W[pe];B[oe]C[With the pincer one space closer, this is even more threatening than the Magic Sword of Muramasa (see variation 2-4-6-3-3).];W[ne];B[of];W[nd];B[re];W[qf];B[qg];W[rf];B[rd]LB[rg:a]C[White now has to crawl along the second line to live (if he can), beginning with 'a'. The result is a disaster for White.]
))
(;B[kd]LB[pf:a][qe:b]C[ The purpose of the three-space high pincer is to maintain overall balance. This pincer is still experimental: definitive joseki have yet to emerge.

White responds with 'a' or 'b'. ]
(;W[pf]LB[qf:a][oc:b][oe:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended, as the pincer stone loses its effectiveness. 

Black 'c' was played by Kato Masao against Sakata Eio in the 30th Honinbo league playoff in 1975. A large scale fight ensues.]
(;B[qf]LB[pg:a][qg:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. ]
(;W[pg]C[If White does not have the ladder, he plays 6.];B[qg];W[ph])
(;W[qg]C[If White has the ladder, he can play 6 here.];B[pg];W[qe];B[rf];W[of];B[re];W[ph]))
(;B[oc];W[pd];B[pc];W[qc];B[rc];W[qb];B[rb];W[qe];B[rd];W[nc];B[pb];W[ob];B[qa]
;W[md])
(;B[oe];W[pe];B[pd];W[oc];B[ne];W[qb];B[rf];W[qg];B[rb];W[pb];B[rg];W[qi];B[rh]
;W[mc];B[qh];W[ph];B[pi];W[oh];B[pj];W[le];B[ng]))
(;W[qe];B[re];W[pe];B[qf];W[rf];B[rg];W[rd];B[sf];W[qc]))
(;B[pd]C[The thrust was an invention of Kitani Minoru and was one of his favorite moves. 'a' and 'b' are miai.]LB[oe:a][oc:b]
(;W[oe];B[oc];W[nc];B[ob];W[nb];B[pf];W[jc])
(;W[oc];B[oe];W[ne];B[of]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[md:a][kc:b]
(;W[md])
(;W[kc]LB[ld:a]C[White can play 8 here, but the possibility of Black 'a' is distasteful.])))
(;B[pc]C[Black 'j' was an innovation by Kitani Minoru. The idea is to take sente at slight disadvantage locally.];W[oc];B[pe]LB[kc:a][jc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.];W[kc]))
(;W[dp];B[oc]LB[cq:a][ql:b][qk:c][qj:d]C[White continues with 'a' to 'd'.]
(;W[cq];B[qj]LB[rd:a][br:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[rd]LB[qe:a][re:b][pd:c][rc:d][qc:e]C[Black continues with 'a'to 'e'. Black 'a' yields the corner for the outside.  The idea of Black 'b' is to settle the shape. The aim of Black 'c' is to avoid giving White any help in making shape. Black 'd' gives Black the corner.  Black 'e' to avoid helping White make shape.

e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;B[qe]LB[qc:a][re:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. With 'b', White is prepared to fight.]
(;W[qc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pc:a][re:b]
(;B[pc]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qb:a][re:b]
(;W[qb];B[re];W[sc])
(;W[re];B[rc]LB[qf:a][qb:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qf];B[pf];W[qg];B[pg];W[ri];B[qi];W[qh];B[ph];W[rj];B[qk])
(;W[qb];B[rb];W[qf];B[pf];W[pg];B[of];W[rg])))
(;B[re];W[pc];B[od];W[ob];B[nb];W[pb];B[mc];W[rc]))
(;W[re]LB[rc:a][qf:b]C[If Black 'a', White 'b'.]))
(;B[re];W[qe];B[rc];W[pd];B[qc];W[rf];B[sd];W[og]LB[pf:a][qf:b]C[Playing White 14 at 'a' or 'b' would be too heavy.];B[qf];W[qg];B[pe]
;W[oe];B[rg];W[pf];B[sf];W[qh])
(;B[pd];W[qe];B[rc];W[qh])
(;B[rc];W[pd];B[qc];W[pf];B[qe];W[nf])
(;B[qc];W[qe]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]LB[qg:a][rc:b][pe:c]
(;B[qg];W[rc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rb:a][pe:b]
(;B[rb]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qf:a][pe:b]
(;W[qf];B[pg];W[pd];B[pc];W[sb];B[qb];W[of])
(;W[oe]))
(;B[pe];W[qf];B[pf];W[rg];B[rh];W[rf];B[pg];W[rb]))
(;B[rc];W[qh])
(;B[pe];W[qf];B[pf];W[rc];B[rb];W[pd]LB[pc:a][qb:b]C[There may be a ladder associated with White 14. Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pc];W[sb];B[qb];W[qg];B[pg];W[ri])
(;B[qb];W[pg];B[qg];W[ph]LB[oe:a][rg:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai.]))))
(;W[br];B[jd];W[oe]C[White has to make a light invasion. Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pf:a][nd:b]
(;B[pf];W[nc]
(;B[nb];W[ob]LB[pb:a][mc:b][nd:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. In 'c', Black yields the corner in return for thickness.]
(;B[pb];W[od];B[pc];W[mb];B[oa];W[le]C[White must play lightly.];B[mc];W[lc];B[nd];W[ne];B[lb];W[kc])
(;B[mc];W[nd];B[pb];W[pi]C[White must play sabaki; the ladder to capture Black 13 doesn't work.];B[of]C[White continues with 'a'. Depending on circumstances, White can put pressure on Black 5 and build a wall next to Black 7 with 'b'.]LB[nf:a][qi:b]
(;W[nf];B[oh];W[mb];B[oa];W[lc];B[md];W[le])
(;W[qi];B[nf];W[mb];B[oa];W[lc];B[md];W[me];B[ld];W[kd];B[le];W[ke];B[lf];W[kc]
))
(;B[nd];W[mc];B[od]LB[pb:a][md:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pb];B[lc];W[mb]LB[md:a]C[Black 18 at 'a' is unreasonable; White loses his base.];B[md];W[lb];B[kc])
(;W[md];B[pb];W[me])))
(;B[nd];W[od]LB[mc:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Whether Black 'b' works depends on White having the ladder to catch  Black 11.]
(;B[mc];W[pc];B[nb];W[ob];B[nc];W[pd];B[qe];W[qc]C[After this, Black has to decide between taking away White's potential eye shape in the corner and blocking White out of the center.])
(;B[pc])))
(;B[nd]LB[qe:a][pd:b][rd:c]C[Black 9 starts a fight on the right. White continues with 'a' to 'c'. White 'c' can be tricky.]
(;W[qe];B[pd];W[pe];B[qg];W[pg];B[ph];W[oh]LB[pi:a][og:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Regardless, White makes good.]
(;B[pi];W[ng]C[White's invasion is a success.])
(;B[og];W[ng];B[pf];W[of];B[pg];W[mf]C[If anything, White's position is stronger than Black's on the right.]))
(;W[pd];B[pc];W[qe];B[rd];W[qh])
(;W[rd]LB[rc:a][re:b][pd:c][qe:d]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'd'. Black 'c' attempts to  give White a hard time in making shape. Black 'd' yields the corner for thickness.]
(;B[rc]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pd:a][qc:b]
(;W[pd];B[qe];W[pc];B[qc];W[ob];B[nb];W[qb];B[ne];W[of];B[pg])
(;W[qc];B[qb];W[qe];B[pd];W[sc];B[rb];W[rf]))
(;B[re];W[qe];B[rc];W[pd];B[qc];W[rf];B[sd];W[qg])
(;B[pd];W[qg];B[re];W[rf];B[qe];W[og])
(;B[qe]
(;W[qc];B[re];W[pc];B[pd];W[rb];B[od])
(;W[re];B[qf];W[qc];B[pc];W[qb];B[rf];W[sc]))))))
(;W[ql];B[qj];W[qh]LB[oj:a][pi:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oj];W[oh];B[ol];W[mh])
(;B[pi]LB[og:a][qe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[og];B[qf];W[ph];B[oi];W[mg];B[mi])
(;W[qe]LB[pd:a][pe:b][re:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[pd];W[rd];B[rc];W[og];B[ni];W[mg])
(;B[pe]LB[qf:a][pf:b][rd:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[qf];B[rd];W[og])
(;W[pf]LB[oe:a][qf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' does not work, as it gives White a large corner..]
(;B[oe];W[rd]LB[re:a][qf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' lets White live in the corner, a less satisfactory result for Black.]
(;B[re];W[qf];B[rc];W[of])
(;B[qf]C[White lives in the corner; a success for White.];W[re];B[pg];W[qc]))
(;B[qf];W[re];B[pg];W[of];B[qg];W[og];B[oh];W[nh];B[ph];W[pd];B[oe];W[od];B[ne]
;W[nd];B[me];W[qc];B[md];W[nc];B[mc];W[nb]))
(;W[rd]
(;B[pd];W[qf];B[rc];W[og])
(;B[re];W[qf]LB[rc:a][rf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rc];W[pd];B[qc];W[rf]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[sd:a][oe:b]
(;B[sd];W[oe];B[pf];W[og])
(;B[oe];W[og]))
(;B[rf]LB[pd:a][pf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pd];B[qc];W[oe]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pf:a][qg:b]
(;B[pf];W[qg];B[pc]LB[of:a][og:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[of];B[pg];W[ph];B[og];W[oh];B[ng];W[pk])
(;W[og];B[of];W[nf];B[od];W[oh]))
(;B[qg];W[pf];B[pg];W[og];B[ph];W[pc];B[qb];W[pb]))
(;W[pf];B[pd];W[ph];B[rc];W[oi];B[oj];W[nj];B[ok];W[nk];B[ol];W[qi];B[pj];W[ni]
)))))
(;B[re];W[rd]LB[rf:a][rc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rf];W[pd];B[qc];W[pc];B[qb];W[od];B[qf];W[md])
(;B[rc];W[pd];B[qc];W[rf];B[sd];W[og];B[qf];W[qg];B[pe];W[oe])))))
(;W[qk];B[qi];W[qg];B[ph];W[qe]LB[pd:a][pe:b][rd:c][re:d]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'd'.]
(;B[pd];W[of];B[nh];W[mf])
(;B[pe];W[rd]LB[re:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. 'b' may create a ko.]
(;B[re];W[qf];B[rc];W[pd];B[qc];W[oe]LB[pf:a][og:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. 'b' is better.]
(;B[pf];W[pg];B[of];W[og];B[nf])
(;B[og];W[of];B[mg];W[me]))
(;B[qc]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. 'a' creates a ko. With 'b', White sacrifices to get out to the center.]LB[pf:a][rc:b]
(;W[pf];B[re];W[rf])
(;W[rc];B[rb];W[qf];B[sc];W[og];B[re];W[of])))
(;B[rd];W[oe];B[nd];W[mf])
(;B[re];W[rd];B[rc];W[pd];B[qc];W[rf];B[sd];W[pg];B[oh];W[nf]))
(;W[qj];B[qh];W[qf];B[pg];W[pe]LB[pd:a][of:b][ne:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. White breaks through unfavorable to Black if Black plays 'c'.]
(;B[pd];W[oe];B[ng];W[me];B[mc];W[lf])
(;B[of];W[pd];B[pc];W[qc];B[rd];W[ne]LB[oe:a][od:b][nd:c][nc:d][qb:e]C[Black cannot cut at 'a' because of White 'b', Black 'c', White 'd'. White aims at 'e' later.])
(;B[ne];W[of];B[mg];W[od];B[nd];W[pc];B[pd];W[oe];B[pb];W[nc];B[qc];W[ob];B[pc]
;W[og];B[oh];W[mf];B[le];W[nh];B[ng];W[nf];B[lf];W[me];B[md];W[ld];B[mc];W[lg]
))))
(;B[pd]AB[nd][kc]AE[nd][kc]LB[qf:a][pf:b][pg:c][dp:d][qc:e][qi:f][qd:g]C[The star or hoshi (4-4) point, emphasizing influence at the potential expense of territory.

The first experiments with the star point were around 1840 in Japan; its first appearances in pro games date to the early 1900's. Its rise to preeminence came during the 'New Fuseki' movement in Japan in the mid-1930's.

White approaches with 'a' to 'c'.  White 'a' is the standard approach move. Others invite a local loss, but may make sense strategically.

'd' covers White playing elsewhere. These variations show White approaches when there are multiple Black stones locally.

'e' shows invasion (which is not joseki).

'f' shows a splitting move when Black has already played at top.

'g' is feasible if strategically sensible.

g7, f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[qf]LB[nd:a][mc:b][nc:c][pf:d][qh:e][ph:f][pi:g][qj:h][jd:i][of:j][pj:k][dp:l][re:m]C[White 2 is the standard approach move to the 4-4.

Black responses range from 'a' to 'i'. 

'j' and 'k' show a special strategy based upon fuseki.

'l' shows Black ignorning the approach move (White 2).

'm' shows the greedy play of using the star point immediately for territory.

m13, l12, k11, j10, i9, h8, g7, f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;B[nd]LB[rd:a][qj:b][pj:c][qc:d][qd:e][lc:f][dp:g]C[White responses range from 'a' to 'f'. White may also play elsewhere ('g').

g7, f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[rd]LB[qc:a][qh:b][qg:c][jc:d]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. For a good result, Black must have the ladder to play 'c'.

Black 'd' is hasty.]
(;B[qc]LB[qi:a][dp:b]C[White continues with 'a'. Playing elsewhere ('b') is a mistake.]
(;W[qi]LB[jc:a][dp:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. If Black plays elsewhere, White has a strong followup.]
(;B[jc])
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[lc];B[rc]C[Black plays 9 to establish a base.]))
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere, a mistake.];B[qh];W[of];B[oh];W[mf];B[ld]C[If White is going to play elsewhere, it is better not to have played White 4.]))
(;B[qh]LB[qc:a][qg:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qc];B[qe]LB[re:a][pe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. White must have the ladder to play 'b'.]
(;W[re];B[pf]LB[nb:a][pg:b][qg:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White must have the ladder to play 'b'. White 'c' is a mistake.]
(;W[nb];B[rf];W[oc])
(;W[pg]LB[qg:a][rf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b', regardless of the ladder.]
(;B[qg];W[rf]C[White must have the ladder. Black being able to catch White 10 in a ladder gives Black a significant advantage.];B[of]C[Black extends if the ladder is unfavorable. The presence of the cutting stone gives White a better result than the other variation.])
(;B[rf];W[qg];B[rg];W[og]LB[of:a]C[White 14 is correct. The atari at 'a' is vulgar, as it destroys aji.];B[pc];W[pb];B[ob];W[qb];B[pi]))
(;W[qg]C[White 10 is a mistake, as Black gets powerful thickness.];B[pg];W[rh];B[ri];W[rg];B[qi]))
(;W[pe]C[White must have the ladder to play 8 this way.];B[pf];W[oe];B[qd];W[od];B[pc];W[oc];B[pb];W[pg];B[rf];W[of];B[re]))
(;W[qg];B[ph];W[qc];B[og]))
(;B[qg]LB[pg:a][rg:b]C[Black 5 is a recent Korean innovation. Black must have the ladder to the lower left corner to play this way.

White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake. This choice should be obvious, as the second line is the proverbial "line of defeat", while the fourth line "the line of victory".]
(;W[pg];B[qh]LB[rf:a][qc:b][ph:c]C[After White 'a' Black gets the corner and White will aim at attacking the right side group. White 'b' grabs the corner in exchange for  black thickness. White 'c' also aims at the right side, but creates more eye shape.]
(;W[rf];B[qc];W[ph];B[qi];W[pi];B[qj];W[oc];B[od];W[of]LB[pe:a][nc:b]C[White 14 is the right timing. If White played it after 16, Black would respond by peeping at 'a' and blocking at 'b'.])
(;W[qc]LB[pf:a][rf:b]C[Black can play 'a' and build thickness, or 'b' if he is concerned about the top and wants to block in sente.]
(;B[pf];W[rf];B[of];W[ob]C[The white slide to 12 is a little painful, but avoids bad aji in the corner.])
(;B[rf];W[qe];B[pc];W[re];B[ph];W[of];B[ng];W[nf];B[kc];W[mg];B[ni]))
(;W[ph]LB[qi:a][rf:b]C[Black can play 'a', or 'b' if he wants to preserve the option of cutting between 2 and 6.]
(;B[qi];W[pe]LB[qc:a][qd:b]C[Black can play 'a', or 'b' if he wants to make it a bit more difficult for White to make eye shape.]
(;B[qc];W[od];B[oc];W[oe];B[nc];W[qd])
(;B[qd];W[od];B[oc];W[oe]LB[nc:a][pc:b]C[Black can play 'a' if he values the top, or 'b' when he wants to continue and deny White eye shape.]
(;B[nc];W[rc];B[qb];W[rf])
(;B[pc];W[re];B[rc]C[This is often seen in professional play and consistent with the original intention of Black 5: making life tough for White.])))
(;B[rf];W[qe];B[qj];W[pi];B[rk];W[qc];B[pc];W[re])))
(;W[rg]C[White 6 is a mistake. The only way White gets a good result is if the ladder to the lower left corner favors White. Black should not have have played Black 5 if this is the case. ];B[rf]LB[re:a][qh:b][pg:c]C[White 'a' is obvious, and yields White a disadvantageous low position, but is the best White can do. 

White 'b' also yields White a disadvantageous low position, but leaves a White stone in a ladder to the lower left, offering a ladder breaker at the cost of giving Black a strong ponnuki shape.

White 'c' is unreasonable, unless White has a favorable ladder to the lower left corner. If that is the case, Black has made a big mistake in playing Black 5.]
(;W[re];B[pf];W[sf];B[qh]LB[qc:a]C[Black is satisfied, as White has a low position, and Black's thickness is clearly superior.

'a' remains a big middle-game (chubansen) point.])
(;W[qh];B[pg];W[re];B[rh];W[sf];B[qi]C[This is good for Black: White is in a low position again. While White has a play for the ladder breaker to White 8, the resultant ponnuki shape gives Black incredible strength.
];W[hp]C[White plays the ladder breaker.];B[ph]C[Black must take with 15. Black's thickness is impressive.])
(;W[pg]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.];B[qh];W[rh];B[qe];W[pf];B[re];W[qi])))
(;B[jc]C[Black 5 is not recommended, as it is premature, letting White settle himself too easily.];W[qc];B[pc]LB[qi:a]C[White no longer needs to play at 'a' to secure a base, so may play elsewhere.]))
(;W[qj];B[jc]LB[qc:a][md:b][qd:c][rd:d][qh:e]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black meanwhile would like to defend the corner at 'c' or 'd' prior to invading at 'e'. If Black invades at 'e' without defending the corner, White will dodge that invasion by invading the corner with 'a'.]
(;W[qc];B[qd];W[rd]LB[re:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[ob];B[nb];W[oc];B[nc];W[od];B[oe];W[pc];B[ne])
(;B[pc];W[rb];B[qb];W[rc]))
(;W[md]LB[ne:a][mc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'a' works best with Black has the top-left corner. Black plays 'b' when the top-left corner is White's.]
(;B[ne]C[Black plays 2 only when he has support in the top-right corner.]AB[dd];W[kd];B[jd];W[ke];B[je];W[kf];B[ig];W[kh];B[df])
(;B[mc]C[With White in the top-right corner, Black 7 is correct.]AW[dd];W[lc];B[ld];W[me]LB[le:a][ne:b][nc:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake. Push on the side of the cut is the rule.

Black 'c' is cowardly.]
(;B[le];W[nc];B[mb]LB[mf:a][oc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[mf];B[nb];W[lf];B[je]C[Joseki ends.];W[jf]C[White 18 is a suggested local follow-up.])
(;W[oc]C[White 14 is not recommended.];B[od];W[lb];B[mf];W[ne];B[nf];W[oe];B[pf];W[nb];B[pe];W[ma];B[mc];W[mb]
;B[qg]))
(;B[ne]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[kd];B[le];W[mf];B[kc];W[lb]LB[nc:a][ke:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai. Black is in a losing situation.])
(;B[nc]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[kd];B[lb];W[le];B[kb]))))
(;W[pj];B[jc]C[Black hopes to strengthen the corner, White to invade the corner.])
(;W[qc]C[White invades. This is a special strategy, usually because of a pincer behind White 2.];B[qd];W[rd];B[re]LB[rc:a][rb:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[rc];B[qe];W[ob]LB[pf:a][nb:b][mc:c]C[Black continues with 'a', possibly 'b'. Black 'c is too mild.]
(;B[pf]C[Black 11 is a thick move.])
(;B[nb];W[pb]))
(;W[rb];B[sd];W[rc];B[qe];W[nb]LB[pf:a][ob:b]C[White can extend further because of the strength of the four White stones.

Joseki continues with Black 'a'. Black 'b' is a trick play.]
(;B[pf])
(;B[ob]LB[pb:a][oc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[pb];B[oc];W[oa];B[mb]LB[qa:a][dp:b]C[White must play 'a' to live in the corner. White cannot play elsewhere ('b').]
(;W[qa]C[White must play 18 to live.])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[qa];W[pa];B[ra]LB[sc:a][sa:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai. White is dead.]))
(;W[oc];B[pb];W[pc];B[mb];W[nc];B[mc]LB[od:a][oa:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. ]
(;W[od]LB[pf:a][oe:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;B[pf];W[ne];B[md];W[oe]LB[qg:a][na:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qg];W[oa])
(;B[na]C[Black 25 is a mistake.];W[pe];B[rf];W[qg];B[rg]C[Black must crawl along the second line, the line of defeat.];W[qh];B[rh];W[qi];B[ri];W[qj]))
(;B[oe]C[Black 21 is a mistake.];W[ne]LB[md:a][of:b]C[Neither Black 'a' nor 'b' are any good.]
(;B[md];W[of];B[pe];W[pf]C[Black cannot escape.])
(;B[of];W[md]C[The result is a disaster for Black.])))
(;W[oa]LB[od:a]C[White holds the push at 'a in reserve.])))))
(;W[qd]LB[qj:a]C[Black 4 may be played when Black has a pincer at 'a'.];B[qc]AB[qj]LB[rc:a][pe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[rc]LB[pc:a][rb:b][qe:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. Black 'a' is simple, 'b' severe, and 'c' the toughest.]
(;B[pc];W[re];B[jc])
(;B[rb]LB[re:a][rd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is weak.]
(;W[re];B[sc]LB[pe:a][sd:b][rd:c]C[White continues with 'a'; a favorable ladder to the lower left helps. White 'b' is unthinkable. White 'c' is a mistake.]
(;W[pe]LB[od:a][rd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[od];W[rd];B[pb])
(;B[rd];W[od];B[qe];W[pc];B[qd]LB[oe:a][oc:b]C[White continues with 'a' if the ladder to the lower right is favorable, 'b' if not. White 'b' is bad for White.]
(;W[oe];B[oc];W[nc];B[pb];W[ob];B[pc];W[md];B[pf];W[ne];B[pg]C[Black gets a large area, White gets sente.])
(;W[oc]C[White must play 16 with an unfavorable ladder to the lower left, but the result is awful.];B[oe];W[ne];B[pf];W[of];B[pe];W[md];B[nf];W[me];B[og])))
(;W[sd]C[White 10 is a mistake.];B[rd]LB[qe:a]C[White does not have a ko threat big enough to stop Black 'a'.])
(;W[rd]C[White 10 is a mistake.];B[pc]))
(;W[rd]C[White 8 is not recommended.];B[pc];W[qh];B[jc]))
(;B[qe];W[rd];B[re]LB[pc:a][pe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pc];B[pe];W[oc];B[nc])
(;W[pe];B[rf];W[pf];B[qg];W[pg];B[qh];W[od];B[pc];W[oc];B[ob];W[nc]LB[nb:a][rb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]

(;B[nb];W[mc];B[rb])
(;B[rb];W[nb]LB[pb:a][dp:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. If Black plays elsewhere, White gets a two-step ko.]
(;B[pb])
(;B[dp];W[qb];B[pb];W[ra]LB[qa:a][sb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' and White has a two-step ko. Black 'b' gives White a ko.]
(;B[qa];W[sb]C[White has a "flower-viewing" ko (that is, nothing to lose).])
(;B[sb];W[pa]))))))
(;W[pe]LB[od:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[od];W[rc];B[rd];W[re])
(;B[pc]C[Black 7 is not recommended.];W[ne];B[md])))
(;W[lc]LB[ic:a][qj:b][me:c][mc:d]C[Black plays a pincer at 'a' if there is Black support at top, 'b' if Black support at right, or the balanced 'c'. Black 'd' is a mistake.

d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;B[ic]AB[dd]LB[le:a][me:b][oc:c][oe:d][ie:e][nb:f]C[With a star-point stone at the top, Black 5 is a powerful pincer.

White continues with 'a' to 'c'.  White 'd' is a trick play. White 'e' is the vague sort of move found in handicap Go. White 'f' is a hopeless move.

f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[le];B[nf]LB[ie:a][fd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. Trying to split Black with 'b' is reckless.]
(;W[ie];B[gd];W[pg];B[qe]LB[oe:a]C[Black 11 defends against the peep at 'a'.];W[re]C[Black 12 is not recommended.];B[rd];W[pe];B[qd];W[oe];B[ne];W[od]
;B[oc];W[nc];B[mc];W[nb];B[mb]LB[pc:a][ob:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'. Neither work.]
(;W[pc];B[ob];W[pb];B[na];W[rc];B[rf];W[rg];B[se]LB[qc:a][pf:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai. Black 'b' starts a capture squeeze.])
(;W[ob];B[pc];W[md];B[lb];W[kb];B[kc];W[kd]C[White sets up a ko, but can't expect to win it.]))
(;W[fd]C[White 8 is a mistake.];B[ie];W[df];B[kd];W[ld];B[lf];W[kf];B[ke];W[mf];B[lg];W[me];B[mg];W[ne]
;B[oe]C[White cannot break through. In his struggle for life, White hands Black the game by giving overwhelming thickness.]))
(;W[me]LB[nf:a][pf:b][of:c][md:d]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. Black 'd' is mischief making, a fight Black does not need.]
(;B[nf];W[pg];B[ne];W[ke];B[ie])
(;B[pf];W[pg];B[of]LB[re:a][qd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[re]LB[qe:a][rd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[qd];B[pe];W[rg];B[qc];W[rd];B[og];W[ph];B[mg])
(;B[rd];W[qd];B[qc];W[qe];B[rc]LB[qj:a][oc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[qj];B[nc])
(;W[oc]C[White 16 looks tough, but is a mistake.];B[nc];W[nb];B[ob]C[Black 19 is a tesuji.];W[pb];B[pc];W[oa];B[od]LB[ld:a][pi:b]C[White has gained trouble. 'a' and 'b' are miai.])))
(;W[qd];B[qc];W[qe];B[pb]C[Black 13 is the way to make shape.];W[nb]C[If White tries 14....];B[nc]C[Black is unaffected.]))
(;B[of]C[The shape of the three Black stones is called a "sake bottle".];W[ph];B[ng];W[rd];B[qc];W[je];B[hd])
(;B[md]C[Black starts a fight.];W[ld];B[le];W[mf];B[ke];W[mb]LB[oc:a][jd:b]C[White 12 makes miai of 'a' and 'b'.]))
(;W[oc];B[od]LB[nc:a][pc:b][nb:c][pb:d]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' to 'd' are not as favorable.

d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[nc]LB[md:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[md]LB[pc:a][kb:b][ld:c][kc:d]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b', 'c' and 'd' are not recommended.]
(;W[pc];B[mc];W[mb];B[qc];W[kb];B[pb];W[ob];B[oa];W[nb];B[rb];W[le];B[ng])
(;W[kb]C[White 10 is not recommended.];B[kd];W[pc];B[mc];W[mb];B[qc];W[qb]LB[rd:a][rb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[rd]LB[rb:a][pi:b]C[Black is at the advantage. 'a' and 'b' are miai.])
(;B[rb]C[Black 17 is an overplay.];W[qd];B[rc];W[pe];B[pb];W[ob];B[qa];W[ld]LB[le:a]C[Black cannot now block at 'a'; White can break through to the right or left (Black can stop one, but not both).]))
(;W[ld]C[White 10 is not recommended.];B[mc];W[mb];B[nb]LB[lb:a][ob:b]C[White 'a' is better than 'b'.]
(;W[lb];B[ob])
(;W[ob];B[lb];W[na];B[kb]LB[le:a][qb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is worse.]
(;W[le];B[qb];W[pb];B[qd];W[pa];B[pg])
(;W[qb];B[le];W[kd];B[je])))
(;W[kc];B[pc];W[ke];B[ie];W[kg];B[qe];W[pf];B[nf]C[Black has a much better position.]))
(;B[pc]LB[md:a]C[The exchange of Black 9 for White 'a' is disadvantageous.];W[md];B[qe];W[pf];B[nf];W[pi]))
(;W[pc];B[nc];W[nb];B[mb];W[ob];B[mc];W[rd];B[ld])
(;W[nb]LB[mc:a][pc:b][qe:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' looks better than it is. After looking at Black 'b', Black 'c' seems logical, but is not recommended.]
(;B[mc];W[mb];B[ld];W[kc];B[kd];W[qc];B[qd];W[rc];B[jc])
(;B[pc];W[pb];B[nc];W[ob];B[qb];W[rd];B[rc];W[qd];B[qc];W[le]C[Black only has one eye in the corner.])
(;B[qe];W[pf];B[pc];W[pb];B[nc];W[ob];B[qb];W[le];B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[rb];B[qa];W[rd]C[Black has serious trouble.]
))
(;W[pb]LB[qc:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[qc]LB[mc:a][le:b][qb:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake. White 'c' gives Black great thickness.]
(;W[mc]C[White 10 is necessary.];B[pi])
(;W[le]C[White 10 is a mistake.];B[mc];W[mb];B[nb];W[nc];B[md]C[White is now separated.])
(;W[qb];B[mc];W[mb];B[ld];W[kc];B[kd];W[qi];B[jc]C[If Black plays at top again before White, White barely gets two eyes.]))
(;B[pc];W[nb];B[nc];W[ob];B[qb];W[rd];B[rc];W[qd];B[qc];W[le])))
(;W[oe]C[A trick play by White.];B[od];W[me]LB[ne:a][md:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[ne]C[Black foils the trick play.];W[nf];B[mf];W[le];B[pf]LB[ng:a][pg:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[ng];B[qe])
(;W[pg]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[og];W[ng];B[oh]C[White is in serious trouble.]))
(;B[md]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[ld];B[ne];W[nf];B[mf];W[le];B[of];W[ng];B[pe];W[og]))
(;W[ie];B[kd]C[Black attacks.];W[ld];B[le];W[ke];B[lf];W[jd];B[kc];W[jc];B[kb];W[jb]LB[lb:a][kf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or possibly 'b'.]

(;B[lb]C[Black captures the two White stones.];W[mc]AW[oc]AB[od]CR[oc]SQ[od]C[White 18 is unreasonable, even if White has peeped and Black  answered.];B[mb];W[nc];B[pc];W[pb]LB[nb:a][qb:b]C[Black continues at 'a'. Black 'b' is a costly mistake.]

(;B[nb];W[ob];B[qb])
(;B[qb]C[Black loses with 23.];W[nb]))
(;B[kf];W[lb];B[je];W[ka];B[id];W[ke];B[kd];W[he]))
(;W[nb]C[White 6 is weak.];B[qc]))
(;B[qj]AB[pp][pn]AW[nq][jq]C[Black 5 is ideal with Black support at right as shown, combining pincer attack with extension.];W[rd];B[qc];W[qh]C[White takes root locally.];B[oj]C[Possible continuation.];W[oh];B[me];W[ic]
;B[pg];W[ph];B[ri];W[rh];B[rc])
(;B[me]LB[ic:a][le:b]CR[kd]C[Black threatens the pressing move at the red dot. White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[ic];B[qe];W[pf];B[pi])
(;W[le];B[lf];W[ke]LB[qe:a][mf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qe];W[pf];B[pi]LB[mf:a][nf:b]C[If White cuts at 'a', Black plays 'b' and captures the two stones at right on a large scale.])
(;B[mf]C[Black 9 is weak.];W[rd]C[White can now establish himself.])))
(;B[mc]C[Black 5 is cowardice.];W[ld];B[qe];W[pf];B[re]LB[oc:a]C[White still has the peep at 'a'. Giving White extensions as shown is to White's favor.]))
(;W[dp]LB[qe:a][pf:b]C[White plays elsewhere. Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qe];W[pf];B[pi];W[nf];B[ld];W[ni];B[pk]LB[qc:a]C[As long as White is under attack, it is difficult to invade at 'a'.])
(;B[pf]C[Black 5 is a mistake, as it strengthens White.];W[pg];B[of];W[re];B[rd];W[qd];B[qc];W[qe];B[rc];W[qj])))
(;B[mc]LB[qc:a][qd:b][kc:c][lc:d]C[White continues with 'a' to 'd'. White 'd', the nose contact play, is a trick play.

d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[qc]LB[qd:a][pc:b]C[Black 3 attempts to take the corner area. White attempts to prevent that with 4.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[qd]LB[pc:a][rd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pc]LB[od:a][oc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[od]LB[rd:a][nb:b][ob:c][oc:d]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. 
White 'c' is not recommended.
White 'd' is a mistake.]
(;W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe]LB[oc:a][nb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a fake move.]
(;W[oc];B[nc]LB[of:a][ne:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' only looks right; it is a mistake.]
(;W[of];B[nf];W[og];B[ne];W[dp]LB[ob:a][nb:b][mb:c][na:d][ma:e]C[White plays elsewhere.

Black moves 'a' through 'e' are sente.]
(;B[ob];W[pb]LB[nb:a][na:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[nb];W[ra])
(;B[na]C[Black 21 is not recommended.];W[rf];B[sf];W[sd];B[se];W[rh]LB[pa:a]C[White's corner is almost safe.

Black 'a' starts a ko for the corner, which Black should not start unless he can win it.];B[pa]C[Black 27 starts a ko fight for the corner.];W[qa];B[ra];W[rb];B[qb]
))
(;B[nb];W[ob])
(;B[mb];W[ob])
(;B[na])
(;B[ma]LB[ob:a][cq:b]C[White must reply, such as 'a'. White cannot afford to play elsewhere ('b').]
(;W[ob])
(;W[cq]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[oa];W[pa];B[ra];W[ob];B[na];W[qb];B[qa]C[White must fight a ko for life.])))
(;W[ne]LB[pf:a][nd:b]C[White 14 is a mistake.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is submissive.]
(;B[pf];W[nd];B[kd];W[ng];B[ph]LB[ob:a]C[Black can look forward to attacking White's floating stones.

Black also has an advantage in playing 'a' and connecting in sente.])
(;B[nd]C[Black 15 is weak.];W[of]C[Good for White.])))
(;W[nb]LB[pf:a][nc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pf];W[nc];B[nd]LB[md:a][lc:b]C[White 'a' is tough, but Black has the advantage in the fight ahead. White 'b' gives White a bit of territory while giving Black imposing thickness.]
(;W[md];B[lc])
(;W[lc];B[ld];W[mb];B[kd];W[md];B[me]))
(;B[nc];W[mb];B[lb];W[oc];B[lc])))
(;W[nb]LB[nc:a][mb:b]C[An artful move by White. Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[nc];W[mb];B[lb]LB[oc:a][lc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a trick play.]
(;W[oc];B[lc];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[of];B[nf]LB[nd:a][ne:b]C[Black attaches at 19 not because of the cut at 'a', but to prevent the peep at 'b'.])
(;W[lc]LB[ld:a][ob:b]C[White 12 is a trick play. Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[ld];W[kc];B[ob];W[kb]LB[rc:a][oc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[rc]LB[md:a]C[The result favors Black.

If White later plays 'a'....];W[md];B[nd]C[Black must play 19.])
(;B[oc]C[Black 17 is a mistake.];W[rd];B[re];W[rb];B[sd];W[rc];B[qe];W[pb];B[na];W[la]LB[pa:a]))
(;B[ob]C[Black 13 is a mistake.];W[kb];B[ld];W[la];B[rc];W[kd]C[White gets nice shape, and a powerful ponnuki. The two corner stones are inadequate compensation.])))
(;B[mb];W[nc];B[nd];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[md];B[kc]C[The result is not unfavorable to Black, but in a handicap game, White has scope for further trickery.]))
(;W[ob]LB[rd:a][nb:b]C[White hopes for a Black mistake with this move. Black replies with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[rd]LB[mb:a][rc:b]C[Black 9 is correct.

White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[mb];B[lc];W[lb];B[kc];W[qi]LB[kb:a][rb:b]C[White is low. Black can press with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[kb];W[rc])
(;B[oc];W[nb];B[rb];W[qb];B[qa];W[pa];B[ra];W[rc];B[sc];W[pb];B[sb];W[kb];B[jc]
))
(;W[rc]C[White 10 is a mistake.];B[nb];W[oc];B[nc];W[of];B[ne]C[White's corner is not completely alive.];W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[rb];W[sb];B[qb];W[ra];B[qa]
;W[oa]C[Black can leave the position as it is.];B[sa];W[sc]LB[na:a][sd:b][pb:c]C[Called a ten-thousand-year ko, White is powerless.
Black can connect the ko for a seki.]))
(;B[nb];W[oc];B[nd];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[of];B[nf]C[Black is dissatisfied with the result because White's corner is secure.]))
(;W[oc]LB[rd:a][rc:b]C[White 8 is a mistake. Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rd]C[Black 9 shows why White 8 is a mistake.];W[nc]LB[md:a][nd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[md];W[nd];B[ne]LB[rc:a][oe:b]
(;W[rc]LB[of:a][me:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black sacrifices four stones with 'b'. Black 'b' is suitable for a handicap game, where Black tries to avoid complications.]
(;B[of];W[me];B[kd];W[mf];B[pg];W[qh];B[pi]LB[mb:a]C[Black 'a' is sente.])
(;B[me];W[oe];B[of];W[pe];B[pf];W[qe];B[qg];W[re];B[rf];W[sd];B[ph]))
(;W[oe];B[rc];W[rb];B[of];W[pe];B[qb];W[pb];B[pf];W[qe];B[qg];W[nf];B[me];W[pg]
;B[og];W[rg];B[ph]LB[rf:a][qh:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[rf];B[rh];W[se]C[White wins the fight, but Black has sente and strong thickness.])
(;W[qh]C[White 30 loses the game.];B[rf]C[Black challenges White to a ko];W[pg];B[sb]C[Black makes a ko threat.];W[qg]C[White has no ko threats, so must connect.];B[ra]C[Black captures the corner, giving Black the game.];W[oh];B[ng];W[pi];B[mg])))
(;B[nd];W[mb];B[lc];W[lb];B[kc]C[White settles himself in sente.];W[qi]C[The result is not unfavorable for Black so much as a wasted opportunity.]))
(;B[rc];W[rb];B[rd];W[nc];B[nd];W[mb];B[lb];W[lc];B[md];W[kb];B[ld];W[kc];B[qj]LB[nb:a]C[End of sequence. Black has great thickness, superior to White territory.

Black can get a two-step "flower-viewing" ko with 'a'.]
;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[nb];W[la];B[qb];W[pb];B[ra];W[qa];B[sb]C[White has five stones at risk.];W[na]C[White submits.];B[qb];W[pa])))
(;B[oc]LB[rc:a][rd:b][ob:c]C[Black 7 is asking for trouble. White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' is not recommended, and certainly lacks fighting spirit.]
(;W[rc];B[rd];W[od];B[oe];W[nd];B[ne]LB[nc:a][md:b]C[White continues with 'a' to take the corner, or 'b' if the ladder is favorable];W[nc]LB[pe:a]C[White has life in the corner, and Black must still defend against the cut at 'a'.])
(;W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[od])
(;W[ob];B[nc];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[pf];B[oe])))
(;W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[ob];B[pf]))
(;B[pc]C[Black 3 is too close to Black 5 to be effective.];W[qd];B[pe]C[Black 7 is necessary. A White hane at 7 is great for White.];W[qe];B[jc]))
(;W[qd];B[qc];W[pc]LB[od:a][oc:b][rc:c][qb:d]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'c' and 'd' are not recommended.]
(;B[od]LB[rc:a][oc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[rc];B[qb];W[re];B[rb];W[sb];B[oc])
(;W[oc];B[qe];W[rd]LB[re:a][rc:b]C[For outside influence, Black plays 'a'; for corner profit, Black 'b'.]
(;B[re];W[rc];B[pf]LB[nd:a][qb:b]C[White cannot aim at 'a' because of the threat of Black 'b'.])
(;B[rc];W[re];B[nc]C[Black has the corner.];W[qb]C[White 14 is futile.];B[rb];W[nb];B[mb];W[pb]LB[ra:a][qa:b]C[Black must play 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake that loses the corner for Black.]
(;B[ra]C[Black 19 is the tesuji that settles the corner for Black.])
(;B[qa];W[pa];B[ra];W[sc];B[na];W[sb]))))
(;B[oc];W[pb];B[qe]LB[rd:a][pe:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[rd];B[pe]LB[re:a][ob:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[re];B[qb]LB[pf:a][ob:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended.]
(;W[pf];B[ob]LB[of:a][qj:b]C[If White 'a' or 'b' next, Black plays elsewhere.])
(;W[ob];B[nb];W[od]LB[pa:a][oe:b][nc:c]C[Black plays 'a' if the ladder is favorable, 'b' if not. 

Black 'c' is a mistake.]
(;B[pa]C[Black plays this way if the ladder to the lower left is favorable.];W[nc];B[oa];W[oc];B[oe]C[Black 21 starts the ladder to catch the clump of White stones.])
(;B[oe]C[Black plays this way if the ladder to the lower left is unfavorable.];W[nc];B[nd];W[rb];B[oc];W[rc]C[The result is considered equal, but Black has tremendous thickness.])
(;B[nc]C[Black 17 is a mistake.];W[of];B[oe];W[ne];B[nd];W[pf];B[od];W[me])))
(;W[ob];B[re]LB[rc:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[rc];B[nd])
(;W[nc]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[qb])))
(;W[pe]C[White 10 is a mistake.];B[rd];W[od];B[qd]C[There is no good continuation for White.];W[nc];B[nd];W[ob];B[oe];W[md];B[oc];W[nb];B[pf]
;W[ld]))
(;B[rc]C[Black 7 follows the proverb, "extend from a crosscut", but this time the move is defective.];W[nc]LB[pe:a][oc:b]C[White 8 is a tesuji.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is tempting, but less favorable.]
(;B[pe];W[ob];B[qe];W[md])
(;B[oc]LB[nd:a][od:b]C[White plays 'a' if the ladder to the lower left is favorable, 'b' if not.]
(;W[nd]C[White must have the ladder to play this way.];B[nb];W[mb];B[pb];W[na];B[ob];W[lc])
(;W[od];B[pb];W[pe];B[pc]LB[nd:a][oe:b]C[White plays 'a' if the cut at 'b' can be taken care of.];W[nd])))
(;B[qb]C[Black 7 is not recommended.];W[od];B[pe];W[qe]
(;B[oc];W[pf];B[oe];W[qk])
(;B[oe];W[pb];B[oc];W[ob];B[nb];W[nc];B[nd];W[rb]LB[oc:a][rc:b]C[ White 18 is tesuji. The two Black stones are captured.]
(;B[oc];W[rc])
(;B[rc];W[qa]))))
(;W[kc]C[White 4 is typically used in handicap games. ];B[qd]LB[qi:a][of:b][nf:c]C[Black attempts to take the corner.

White continues with 'a'to 'c'.]
(;W[qi]LB[dp:a][me:b]C[Black may be pressured by playing elsewhere ('a'), or play 'b'.]
(;B[dp]LB[oc:a][nc:b][rc:c][mb:d]C[Black plays elsewhere.

White continues locally with 'a' or 'b'. White 'a' is the most frightening. 

White 'c' and 'd' are not recommended.]
(;W[oc];B[od]LB[nc:a][ob:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is also possible, but gives Black incredible thickness.]
(;W[nc]LB[nd:a][md:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd];W[mb];B[md];W[ob];B[pb])
(;B[md]LB[nd:a][rc:b][qb:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[nd];B[ne];W[mb];B[lb];W[nb];B[lc]LB[qb:a][me:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'b' may lead to a sacrifice of the five White stones.]
(;W[qb];B[me];W[rc];B[rd];W[of];B[oe];W[cq]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[sc]LB[pb:a][sb:b]C[Black goes for a ko. White continues with 'a'. White 'b' gives Black the ko.]
(;W[pb];B[rb];W[oa];B[qa];W[ma]LB[qc:a]C[White is reduced to two points. ])
(;W[sb]C[White faces a ko.];B[pb];W[pc];B[qc];W[rb];B[oa];W[ob];B[qa]C[Since Black can win by connecting at 'a' (White suffers a lack of liberties), the ko is direct.]))
(;W[me]LB[kd:a][le:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[kd]C[Black continues with 'a', or more boldly with 'b'.]LB[qb:a][le:b]
(;W[qb];B[nf];W[rc];B[rd];W[pf];B[of];W[le];B[jc];W[lg];B[nh]LB[sc:a]C[Black 'a' is a serious threat.  See variation 3-1-2-3-1-1-2-1-1 (the other variation (above this), where White does not cut at 18, instead playing at White 20 first).])
(;W[le];B[jc];W[oe];B[nf];W[of];B[ng];W[qb];B[rb];W[pb];B[rf];W[rg];B[re];W[og]
;B[rc]LB[oa:a][nh:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' sacrifices the two middle White stones.]
(;W[oa];B[nh])
(;W[nh]C[White 34 is not recommended.];B[mg];W[oa];B[kg])))
(;B[le]C[Black 19 is a mistake.];W[mf]LB[of:a][pc:b][pb:c]C[Black continues with 'a', or 'b' or (even worse) 'c' to capture the five White stones. Neither are recommended.]
(;B[of];W[qb];B[lf];W[mg];B[oh];W[rc];B[rd];W[lg]C[White 28 is an excellent move. Black has an unfavorable position.])
(;B[pc]C[Black captures the five White stones.];W[kb];B[ma];W[nf];B[oe];W[kd];B[ld];W[kf]C[White's thickness is superior.])
(;B[pb]C[Black 21 gives White sente in the sequence that follows.];W[kb];B[ma];W[nf];B[oe];W[kd];B[ld];W[kf]LB[ob:a][pc:b]C[Black must play 'a' or 'b'.]))))
(;W[rc]LB[rd:a][mb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rd];W[mb];B[lb];W[nb];B[lc];W[nd];B[ne];W[rb]C[White 20 is a nice move.];B[me];W[of];B[oe]C[This ends the joseki.];W[cq]LB[sd:a][la:b][sc:c][pb:d]C[White plays elsewhere.

Black 'a' through 'c' are sente, but White cannot be killed by playing, for example, 'd'.]

(;B[sd])
(;B[la])
(;B[sc];W[pb])
(;B[pb]C[Black attempts to kill White.];W[pc];B[sc];W[qb]))
(;B[mb]LB[rd:a][qb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b', trying to live in the corner, is a mistake.]
(;W[rd];B[qb])
(;W[qb]C[White 14 is a mistake.];B[rd]LB[oa:a][nd:b]C[White must play 'a'. White dies if 'b'.]
(;W[oa];B[nd]C[Black 17 is sente.];W[pc]C[Black has perfect thickness; very bad for White.])
(;W[nd]C[White 16 is suicidal.];B[ne];W[oa];B[pc];W[pb];B[na];W[ob];B[ra];W[qa];B[sc];W[sb];B[rb];W[sa]
;B[rb]))))
(;W[qb];B[mb];W[rc];B[pb];W[rd];B[qc];W[rb];B[nd])))
(;W[ob];B[nc];W[rc];B[rd];W[qb];B[oa]C[Black 15 is an ancient and famous tesuji.];W[pa];B[pc];W[pb];B[ra];W[nb];B[mb];W[na]
;B[rb]C[Black 23 is a sacrifice to squeeze White.];W[qc];B[sc];W[sb];B[sd];W[qa];B[ma];W[sa];B[me]))
(;W[nc];B[oc];W[nb];B[nd];W[mb];B[md])
(;W[rc];B[rd];W[oc];B[od];W[nc];B[nd]C[Black blocks. letting White connect underneath.];W[mb];B[md];W[ob];B[qb]C[Black has a favorable result.])
(;W[mb]LB[nc:a][nb:b][lb:c]C[White 8 is an endgame move. Black replies with 'a'. Black 'b' and 'c' are mistakes.]
(;B[nc];W[nb];B[ob];W[lc])
(;B[nb]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[oc];B[od];W[nc])
(;B[lb]C[Black 9 is a mistake.];W[lc];B[nb];W[md];B[nc];W[kb])))
(;B[me];W[oc]C[White 8 does not work.];B[nc];W[ob];B[pc]))
(;W[of];B[ne]C[Black secures the corner.])
(;W[nf]LB[nd:a][me:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is an overplay.]
(;B[nd]C[Black 7 is correct.])
(;B[me]C[Black 7 is a mistake.];W[nc]LB[oe:a][nd:b]C[White 8 is the tesuji.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' makes matters worse.]
(;B[oe];W[mb];B[pg];W[qh])
(;B[nd];W[oc]LB[od:a][mb:b]C[Now 'a' and 'b' are miai. Black is on the spot.]))))
(;W[lc]LB[ld:a][md:b][lb:c]C[White 4 is not an orthodox move - usually it is an attempt to confuse Black in a handicap game. 

The nose contact play dates back to at least 1682, when it was used successfully  by the 4th Honinbo Dosaku (1645-1702) (a Go "saint") against the top Okinawan player of the day, Peichin Hamahika.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' and 'c' are submissive. ]
(;B[ld]LB[mb:a][kc:b][md:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. The crosscut of White 'c' is not recommended.]
(;W[mb];B[md]LB[lb:a][nb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[lb];B[oc];W[ic];B[qe])
(;W[nb]C[White 8 should be a mistake.];B[kc];W[pc];B[qc];W[qd];B[oc];W[pb];B[od]LB[ob:a][qe:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai for Black.]))
(;W[kc]LB[mb:a][md:b]C[Black continues at 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[mb];W[kd];B[le]LB[ke:a][qd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[ke];B[qe];W[pf];B[ne]C[Black has secured a large corner.];W[qc]C[White's invasion should fail.];B[re];W[pc]LB[rb:a][ob:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'.];B[od]LB[rb:a][ob:b]C[White may fruitlessly try 'a' or 'b'.]

(;W[rb];B[ob];W[pb];B[sc])
(;W[ob];B[sb]))
(;W[qd];B[qc];W[pc];B[pb];W[oc];B[od]LB[rc:a][qb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;W[rc];B[qb];W[rb];B[qe];W[rd];B[ob];W[pe];B[oe];W[pf];B[hd]C[Black attacks the three White stones with the pincer of Black 25.])
(;W[qb];B[rc];W[ob];B[qe];W[nd]LB[nc:a][oe:b]C[Black must cut at 'a', even though it means being squeezed. Black 'b', to avoid the squeeze, lets White out to the center.]
(;B[nc];W[pe];B[rd];W[oe];B[qd];W[ne];B[md]LB[rb:a][rf:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai for Black.])
(;B[oe]C[Black 21 is a mistake.];W[nc];B[md];W[ne]C[White is out.]))))
(;B[md];W[ob]LB[oc:a][mb:b]C[White's trick play. Black may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oc];W[qc];B[qd];W[pc]LB[od:a][nc:b]C[Black 'a' is better than Black 'b'.]
(;B[od];W[rd];B[nb];W[re])
(;B[nc];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[pf]LB[oe:a][rf:b]C[White 'a' and 'b' are possible continuations.]))
(;B[mb]LB[od:a][pc:b][qd:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[od]LB[oe:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.  Black 'a' may be a complicated, but ultimately leads to a loss for White. 
Black 'b' starts a fight.]
(;B[oe];W[pe];B[oc];W[pc]LB[qd:a][nd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake. ]
(;B[qd]LB[nc:a][qc:b]C[White 'a' leads to a total loss. White may try 'b' to make small life in the corner, but that too is problematic.]
(;W[nc];B[nd];W[oc];B[qc];W[qb];B[rb];W[ra];B[rc];W[re];B[pa];W[oa];B[na];W[pb]
;B[nb];W[qa];B[sb])
(;W[qc];B[qe];W[pf];B[nd]))
(;B[nd];W[qd];B[od];W[qc]))
(;B[pc];W[oc];B[pe];W[ne];B[oe];W[nd];B[pg];W[kd];B[lf];W[ng];B[qg]))
(;W[pc]LB[qd:a][od:b][qe:c]C[Black 'a' is correct. 

Black 'b' is weak, allowing White to connect his stones. 

Black 'c' gives Black part of the corner (but overconcentrated) or a start on the right side (at the expense of giving White the corner).]
(;B[qd];W[od]LB[oe:a][pf:b]C[The hane of Black 'a' is correct. Black 'b is a mistake.]
(;B[oe]LB[qc:a][pe:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'. The cut of White 'b' leads to a ko fight favorable to Black.]
(;W[qc];B[qe];W[pf];B[nd];W[oc];B[pe];W[rf];B[rc];W[rb];B[rd];W[sb];B[ng])
(;W[pe];B[nd];W[oc];B[qc];W[qb];B[rb];W[ra];B[rc];W[re];B[pa];W[qa];B[nb];W[oa]
;B[na];W[qe];B[nc];W[pb];B[sa];W[sb];B[sc];W[of];B[ne]))
(;B[pf];W[pe];B[qe];W[oe];B[qg];W[rf];B[rg];W[of];B[pg];W[rc];B[re];W[id]))
(;B[od];W[rd];B[qd];W[rc];B[id])
(;B[qe];W[pe];B[od];W[qd]LB[qc:a][re:b]C[Black takes part of the corner with 'a'.

Black 'a' gives Black part of the corner, but his stones are overconcentrated.

Black 'b' gives Black a start on the right side at the expense of giving White the corner.]
(;B[qc];W[re];B[rd];W[qe];B[qb];W[rc];B[rb];W[sd];B[oc])
(;B[re];W[rd];B[rf];W[qg];B[pf];W[oe];B[pg];W[nd];B[qh])))
(;W[qd]LB[qc:a][pc:b]C[Black 'a' resists. Black 'b' submits.]
(;B[qc];W[pc];B[od];W[qb];B[qe];W[rc]LB[rd:a][re:b]C[Black 'a' starts a ko. Black 'b' leaves a cutting point.]
(;B[rd])
(;B[re]CR[pe]C[White can aim at the red dot cutting point.]))
(;B[pc];W[qc];B[pb])))))
(;W[md];B[nc]C[Black follows the proverb: extend from a cross cut.];W[kc];B[kd];W[jd];B[me];W[ic];B[qe]LB[pf:a][pi:b]C[If White 'a', Black attacks with 'b'.];W[pf]C[White 14 is heavy.];B[pi]
))
(;B[md]C[White 4 now looks like a forcing move. Black 5 therefore is submissive.];W[ob]LB[oc:a][mb:b]C[If Black has the ladder to catch White 4, Black should play 'a'. Black 'b', keeping White from connecting, is tempting, and troublesome.]
(;B[oc]C[Black plays 7 when the ladder is favorable.];W[qc];B[qd];W[pc];B[od];W[rd]LB[re:a][nb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' if the ladder is favorable. If not, Black must play 'b'.]
(;B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[mb];B[lb];W[nb];B[kc])
(;B[nb]C[Black 13 is bad, but necessary if Black does not have the ladder to catch White 4.];W[re];B[jc]))
(;B[mb]LB[pc:a][od:b]C[Black 7 is not recommended. 

White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is tempting, and dangerous.]
(;W[pc]LB[od:a][qd:b][qe:c]C[Black can let White cross under with 'a', or struggle with 'b'.]
(;B[od];W[rd]LB[qc:a][qd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. White can still connect his stones.]
(;B[qc];W[qb])
(;B[qd];W[rc]))
(;B[qd];W[od];B[pf];W[pe];B[qe];W[oe];B[qg];W[rf];B[rg];W[of];B[pg];W[rc];B[re]
;W[jc]C[White has the corner, and the three Black stones under attack.])
(;B[qe]LB[pe:a][pf:b]C[White continues with the tricky tesuji of 'a'. White 'b' looks standard, but is a mistake.]
(;W[pe];B[qd];W[od])
(;W[pf]C[White 10 is a mistake.];B[od]C[The two White stones have aji.];W[rd];B[re];W[rc]
(;B[qb];W[rb]C[Black has nowhere to go.])
(;B[rb];W[qb]))))
(;W[od];B[oe];W[pe];B[oc];W[pc]LB[qd:a][nd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is obvious, and a mistake.]
(;B[qd];W[nc];B[nd]LB[qc:a][oc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[qc])
(;W[oc]C[White 16 is a mistake, though not obviously so.];B[qc];W[qb];B[rb];W[ra];B[rc];W[qe];B[re];W[rf];B[sd];W[sb];B[pa]C[Black 27 seals White's fate.]
))
(;B[nd];W[qd]LB[od:a]C[Black could connect ('a') or play a ko.];B[od];W[pb]C[White steals the corner.]))))
(;B[lb];W[mb]LB[nb:a][kb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not recommended.]
(;B[nb];W[md];B[nc];W[kb];B[ma]LB[kd:a]C[White plays 'a' to consolidate, or plays elsewhere, taking the moves as forcing moves. Regardless, Black has played submissively.];W[kd])
(;B[kb]LB[pc:a][nc:b][md:c]C[White plays 'a' to keep the situation fluid (and more difficult for Black). White 'b' and 'c' follow the proverb of 'extend from a cross-cut', but do not work as well.];W[pc]))))
(;B[nc]LB[rd:a][qc:b][qd:c][lc:d]C[Black 3 is solid and defensive. White continues with 'a' to 'd'.

d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[rd]LB[qc:a][qh:b][qg:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[qc]LB[qi:a][pe:b][lc:c][rc:d]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' and 'd' are given to illustrate Black responses.]
(;W[qi];B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[lc];B[rc]C[Black 9 is necessary.])
(;W[pe]LB[od:a][qd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'a' is submissive.]
(;B[od];W[rc];B[rb];W[qd];B[pb];W[qi])
(;B[qd];W[rc];B[rb];W[od];B[oc];W[qe];B[pb];W[qj]C[The extension of White 14 is necessary.]))
(;W[lc]LB[rc:a][dp:b]C[White 6 is not joseki, but may make strategic sense. Black continues with 'a'; Black cannot afford to play elsewhere ('b').]
(;B[rc]C[Black 7 may seem submissive, but is necessary to live in the corner.])
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere, a mistake.];W[rc]LB[rb:a][mc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rb];W[pb]LB[qb:a][ob:b]C[The obvious move is Black 'a'. Black 'b' looks like a tesuji, but the result is not good for Black.]
(;B[qb];W[oc];B[od];W[nb]C[Black has had his corner hollowed out, and must flee to the center.])
(;B[ob];W[qb];B[ra];W[pc];B[qd];W[od];B[pe]LB[oc:a][oe:b]C[White continues with 'a', or, having a favorable ladder to the lower left corner (forget Black 7), White may play 'b'.]
(;W[oc];B[re];W[of])
(;W[oe]C[White must have the ladder to the lower left corner to play this way.];B[pf];W[qe]LB[oc:a][pg:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[oc];W[pg])
(;B[pg]C[Black 21 is untenable.];W[oc]C[Black's position is terrible.]))))
(;B[mc];W[ld];B[rb]LB[lb:a]C[White 'a' is still sente.])))
(;W[rc]C[White 6 is not joseki.];B[kc]C[Black must extend to ensure life.]))
(;B[qh]C[Black 5 is a powerful move, and works well with Black 3.];W[qc]LB[qe:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is weak.]
(;B[qe]LB[re:a][pe:b]C[White continues with 'a', possibly 'b'. 

White 'a' is tough-minded, giving White an equal result (a White corner and access to the outside). 

White 'b' gives Black a slightly favorable result (Black thickness versus a small White corner). ]
(;W[pe];B[pf];W[oe]LB[rf:a][qd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rf];W[qd];B[qg]LB[oc:a][od:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[oc];B[nd];W[od];B[ob]C[The joseki ends.]LB[ne:a][nf:b];W[ne]C[Continued local play.];B[ld])
(;W[od];B[oc]C[White loses his eye shape.]))
(;B[qd]LB[re:a][od:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[re]LB[pc:a][rf:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[pc];W[qg]LB[pg:a][rc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pg];W[ph];B[nf];W[pi];B[ng];W[rh])
(;B[rc];W[ph]LB[of:a]C[Black later aims to play 'a'.]))
(;B[rf]C[Black 13 is a mistake, an act of impatience.];W[oc];B[od];W[nd];B[qg];W[pc];B[qf];W[mc];B[ne];W[md]C[White gets considerable profit, while Black position is somewhat unresolved, as White's two stones still have aji.]))
(;W[od]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[pc];W[oc];B[pb];W[pg];B[rf];W[of];B[re]LB[ob:a]C[Black can play 'a' to connect to Black 3 because 3 was the knight's move, not the one-space jump. White having to add a stone at 'a' to complete his thickness is painful. The result is a Black success.])))
(;W[re];B[pf];W[rf];B[pg]))
(;B[pc]LB[pf:a][of:b]C[Black 7 is a mistake.

White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is an overplay, leaving White subject to being cut in two.]
(;W[pf]C[White 8 is the best way to avoid being sealed in. White 8 may seem slow, but other moves leave weaknesses for Black to exploit.])
(;W[of];B[qd];W[rc];B[pf];W[pg];B[rf])))
(;B[qg]LB[pg:a][rg:b]C[Black 5 is a Korean innovation. 

White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.
]
(;W[pg]C[White 6 is the only feasible continuation.];B[qh]LB[pf:a][rf:b][pe:c][ph:d]C[White can now connect at 'a', descend to 'b', play at 'c' or further force at 'd'. 

White 'd' is not recommended as favorable to White.]
(;W[pf];B[qc]LB[pj:a]C[White can continue with 'a' as an attack on the two Black side stones. White 'a' works well with a White presence at the bottom right.];W[pj]LB[rf:a]C[Black is satisfied to have played in the corner and on the side. 

Black 'a' is sente, though it solidifies White's thickness.

If later he can play at 'a', 1 is ideally placed. White can attack with 10, which works particularly well if he has thickness at the bottom, but Black doesn't necessarily need to fear that fight, since 'a' is sente.];B[rf];W[re];B[sg];W[pe]LB[pi:a][rj:b][qj:c]C[Black may continue with 'a' to 'c'.]
;B[pi];W[oi];B[qj];W[pk];B[rl])
(;W[rf]LB[ph:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' to emphasize the right side, or 'b' to take the corner.]
(;B[ph]LB[of:a][qc:b]C[White can now defend the cutting point with 'a' or take the corner with 'b'. White 'a' gives Black a chance to build thickness toward the bottom right.]
(;W[of];B[qc];W[oh];B[oi];W[nh];B[ni]C[Because he’s already safe in the corner, Black can continue to build influence.])
(;W[qc];B[nh]LB[og:a][pf:b]C[Black keeps 'a' and 'b' in reserve.]))
(;B[qc]C[Black can also immediately take the corner.];W[ph];B[qi];W[pe]C[Black ends in sente.
]LB[dp:a][qd:b];B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[od]C[White forces. This play should be made fairly early.];B[oc];W[qd];B[pc]
))
(;W[pe]LB[qc:a][qd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qc];W[od];B[oc];W[qd];B[pc]LB[rf:a]C[The difference of this sequence and White playing at 'a' and Black at 9, is that White can immediately play the forcing sequence from 10 to 13.])
(;B[qd];W[rc]LB[oe:a][rf:b]C[White 10 is feasible. 

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[oe];W[qe];B[of];W[pc];B[od];W[ob]C[The result is a roughly equal trade-off of Black thickness for White territory.])
(;B[rf];W[re];B[qe];W[pf];B[rg];W[od]LB[qb:a][pb:b]C[White captures the three Black stones. If Black 'a', White 'b'.];B[qb];W[pb])))
(;W[ph]LB[qi:a][rf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qi];W[qc]C[White opts for the corner, leaving the two White stones in peril.];B[pf];W[rf];B[of]LB[og:a]C[The thinking behind this variation, first exchanging White 6 for Black 7 before switching to the corner, is that Black cannot immediately catch the White stones in a ladder at 'a'.  Nonetheless, White cannot immediately pull out the two stones.])
(;B[rf];W[qe];B[qj];W[pi];B[rk];W[qc];B[re];W[qd];B[pc]LB[rb:a][pb:b][ne:c]CR[pf]C[The sequence ends.

Black currently has one eye in the corner. Playing White 'a' gives White two eyes in the corner, but the move is desparately small. If White is trying to make two eyes in the corner, White 'b' leads to a ko. 

Locally, White 'c' covers the cut at the red dot, but may not be the best strategic play.]

(;W[rb]C[White to live in the corner. This should not be played immediately: White should be able to make eyes in the center];B[pb];W[sc])
(;W[pb];B[ob];W[rb];B[pa];W[qa])
(;W[ne]))))
(;W[rg]C[Black 6 is a mistake.];B[rf]LB[pg:a][qh:b]C[White 'a' yields a large corner to Black. White must have the ladder to play 'a'.

White 'b' leaves White in a low position.]
(;W[pg];B[qh];W[rh];B[qe];W[pf];B[re];W[qi]LB[qc:a]C[White cannot live in the corner by playing 'a'.];B[pp]C[Black plays elsewhere (not breaking the ladder).];W[qc]C[This shows that White cannot live in the corner.];B[ob]C[Black 17 kills White.]
;W[rb];B[sc];W[pb];B[sd];W[sb];B[qa];W[pa];B[ra])
(;W[qh];B[pg];W[re];B[pf];W[sf]C[This sente sequence is good enough for Black.]))))
(;W[qc]LB[qj:a]C[White may play this way when Black has a pincer at 'a'. Otherwise, White would not prefer to crawl into such a small space.];B[qd];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[ob]LB[nb:a][oc:b]C[Black continues with 'a', possibly 'b' if White has support at top.]
(;B[nb];W[oc];B[od]LB[pc:a][dp:b][nd:c]C[White continues with 'a', or dies ('b', playing elsewhere). White can only cut at 'c' with support at top to quickly capture the two black stones.]
(;W[pc];B[me])
(;W[dp]LB[oa:a][pb:b][pc:c]C[White plays elsewhere, a fatal mistake. Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' and 'c' are mistakes.]
(;B[oa]LB[qa:a][pb:b]C[Neither White 'a' nor 'b' work.]
(;W[qa];B[sd];W[sb];B[ra];W[rb];B[pb])
(;W[pb];B[sd]))
(;B[pb]C[Black 15 is a mistake.];W[pc];B[oa];W[qb];B[pa];W[qa];B[na];W[sb]LB[ra:a][sd:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai.])
(;B[pc];W[pb]LB[ra:a][sb:b]C[Black may try 'a' or 'b'. Neither work.]
(;B[ra];W[qa];B[rb];W[sb]LB[oa:a][sd:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai.])
(;B[sb];W[rb]))))
(;B[oc]AW[jc]C[Black 11 makes sense if White has a stone as shown.];W[nb]LB[mc:a][pf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mc])
(;B[pf]AB[qj]C[Black 13 works well with support at right as shown.];W[mc];B[md];W[lc];B[oj]C[Black has a great position.])))
(;W[qd];B[qc];W[rc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[rb:a][qe:b]
(;B[rb];W[re];B[sc];W[pe];B[od]LB[rd:a][sd:b]C[White continues with 'a' to solidify, or 'b' to fight the ko.]
(;W[rd];B[pb])
(;W[sd]))
(;B[qe];W[rd];B[re];W[pe];B[rf];W[pf];B[rg];W[pc];B[od];W[pb];B[og];W[qh];B[qg]
;W[pg];B[ph];W[oh];B[pi];W[of];B[ng];W[nf];B[mf];W[mg];B[nh];W[me];B[lf];W[ne]
;B[le];W[md];B[lc];W[ld];B[kd];W[mc];B[lb];W[nb]))
(;W[lc]
(;B[rd];W[qi])
(;B[qe]AW[qi]C[Black 5 is effective if White has an extension as shown.];W[pf];B[ne];W[re];B[rd];W[rf]C[The joseki concludes.];B[dp]LB[sd:a][rc:b]C[Black plays elsewhere. White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is mischief-making of high order.]
(;W[sd]C[In yose (toward the endgame).]LB[rc:a][sc:b]
(;B[rc];W[sc];B[sb];W[se]LB[qb:a][rb:b]C[Black plays at 'a' or 'b'.];B[qb])
(;B[sc]C[Black 13 is a mistake.];W[rc];B[se];W[qc];B[qd]C[White has considerable opportunity.]))
(;W[rc]C[White 12 is risky business. White should not be able to succeed.];B[sd];W[qc];B[qd];W[ob];B[nb];W[oc];B[od]LB[ra:a][pc:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'. Neither should work.]
(;W[ra];B[sb];W[sc];B[oa]C[White cannot live.])
(;W[pc];B[pa];W[oa];B[sc];W[sb];B[rb];W[ra];B[qb])))))
(;B[pf]C[The aim of this joseki is to make shape quickly. The approach is defensive.];W[pg]LB[of:a][qe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[of]LB[qe:a][qd:b][re:c][qc:d]C[White continues with 'a' to 'd'. 'd' is a special case when Black has support at top.]
(;W[qe];B[qd]LB[qj:a][qh:b][og:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[qj];B[jc]
(;W[pe]C[White 10 illustrates the cut; it is not part of the joseki.];B[oe];W[od];B[nd];W[oc];B[rd]C[Black 15 is the vital point.]
(;W[qg];B[nc];W[pb];B[nb];W[rb];B[pc];W[ob];B[qb];W[qa];B[qc];W[pa];B[ra];W[sa]
;B[na])
(;W[re];B[qg];W[rg];B[qh];W[rh];B[nc];W[pb];B[nb];W[rb];B[qb];W[qc];B[pc];W[ob]
;B[rc];W[qa];B[oa];W[qc];B[se]))
(;W[nc]C[White 10 is the vital point for invasion.];B[oc]
(;W[nd];B[pe];W[kd];B[jd];W[ke];B[je];W[kf];B[ig])
(;W[md];B[nd];W[nb];B[je];W[ob];B[pb];W[mf];B[rd])))
(;W[qh];B[nd];W[lc];B[jc]LB[oc:a][le:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[oc];B[nc];W[nb]LB[od:a][mb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[od];W[pb];B[mc];W[mb];B[ld];W[kc];B[kd];W[jb];B[ib];W[kb];B[ic])
(;B[mb];W[ob];B[mc];W[od];B[pe];W[ne];B[me];W[nf];B[og]))
(;W[le];B[je];W[oc];B[od];W[nb]LB[pb:a][nc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pb];W[lg];B[nh])
(;B[nc];W[pb];B[pc];W[ob];B[mc];W[mb];B[lb];W[kb];B[ld];W[kc];B[kd];W[jb];B[ic]
)))
(;W[og];B[ng];W[qi];B[nd]))
(;W[qd]LB[qe:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[re];B[pe];W[rg];B[qc];W[rd];B[og];W[ph];B[jc];W[pc]C[White 16 illustrates why Black 15 should be so wide. White must play 16 before supporting stones ruin the opportunity (where Black pushes White out toward the top where White cannot make life).];B[oc];W[pb];B[ob]
;W[qb];B[je])
(;B[qc]LB[qe:a][re:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe];B[pc];W[qi];B[jc])
(;W[re];B[rd];W[qe];B[rc];W[qj];B[nd])))
(;W[re]LB[rd:a][qc:b][qd:c]C[White 6 should not be ignored by Black.

Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[rd];W[qd];B[qc];W[qe];B[rc];W[qj];B[nd])
(;B[qc];W[qj];B[jc])
(;B[qd]AB[jd]C[Black may play this way with support at top.]))
(;W[qc]AB[jd]LB[qe:a][pc:b]C[White may play 6 when Black has a stone at top to prevent Black from solidifying his territory.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[ob];B[qg];W[mc])
(;B[pc];W[qd];B[qe];W[re];B[pe];W[rg];B[og];W[ph])))
(;B[qe];W[of];B[pe]LB[og:a][qg:b][rf:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[og];B[qg];W[qh];B[rf];W[rg];B[nd])
(;W[qg]LB[nd:a][og:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd];W[qk];B[jc])
(;B[og];W[nf];B[oh];W[qj];B[nd]))
(;W[rf];B[og];W[ph];B[nf];W[oh];B[ng]LB[re:a][qc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[re];B[qc])
(;W[qc];B[pc];W[rd];B[jc]))))
(;B[qh]LB[qc:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not recommended, but covered in variation 2. There are of course positions in which White is reluctant to invade at the 3-3 point, and so has no choice but to jump to 'b'.]
(;W[qc]LB[qd:a][pc:b]C[White enters at the 3-3 point in the overwhelming majority of cases. The one-space jump common with amatuers is not recommended.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black needs support at the top to play 'b'.]
(;B[qd];W[pc]LB[od:a][rc:b][oc:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'c' leaves a cutting point in Black's shape.]
(;B[od];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[nc];B[me];W[mc])
(;B[rc];W[rb];B[rd]LB[oc:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[oc];B[pf];W[lc])
(;W[nc];B[od];W[mb];B[pg]))
(;B[oc];W[ob];B[nb];W[od];B[nc];W[rd];B[re];W[pe]))
(;B[pc]AB[jd]C[Black 5 when a supporting stone at top exists.];W[qd];B[pe]LB[rf:a][qb:b][pf:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[rf];B[og])
(;W[qb];B[pf];W[rf]LB[oh:a][pb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oh];W[pb];B[nc];W[nb];B[mb];W[oc];B[od];W[ob];B[mc])
(;B[pb]))
(;W[pf];B[qe];W[re];B[rd];W[rc];B[rf];W[sd]LB[of:a][rg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[of];W[rg];B[pg];W[sf];B[qg];W[rf];B[ng])
(;B[rg];W[of];B[pb];W[qb];B[md];W[oh];B[pj]))))
(;W[of]C[In principle, jumping out at 4 is not recommended. ];B[nd]LB[oh:a][pi:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[oh];B[qe];W[rf];B[qj];W[mf])
(;W[pi]C[The sequence from White 6 on is the same as with the one-space pincer in conjunction with the 3-4 stone.];B[qe];W[rf];B[qi];W[pj];B[ph];W[oh];B[qj];W[pk];B[ql]C[Black' s result is adequate.];W[pg])))
(;B[ph]C[White plays 'a' or 'b'.]LB[of:a][qc:b]
(;W[of];B[nd];W[rd]LB[qc:a][qg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qc];W[rh];B[jc])
(;B[qg];W[rf];B[qc]LB[mf:a][pk:b][oh:c]C[White continues with 'a', 'b' or 'c'.]))
(;W[qc];B[pc];W[qd];B[pe]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe];B[pf];W[qg];B[pg])
(;W[qb];B[pf];W[qg];B[pg])))
(;B[pi]LB[qc:a][of:b][nc:c]C[Black 3 is used most often when Black has an extension at top. White plays 'a' or 'b'. If White does not have an extension at the top, White 'c' is also possible.]
(;W[qc]LB[qd:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. 'b' is played when Black has support at top.]
(;B[qd]C[When Black has no extension at top.];W[pc];B[od];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[nc];B[pf])
(;B[pc]AB[jd]C[When Black has an extension at top.];W[qd];B[pe]
(;W[qb]
(;B[pf];W[qg];B[pg])
(;B[pb];W[pf];B[of];W[og];B[pg];W[nf];B[oe];W[rg];B[qg];W[rf];B[qi];W[ng];B[md]
;W[ni]))
(;W[qe];B[pf];W[pg];B[og];W[oh];B[ph];W[qg];B[ng])
(;W[pf];B[qe];W[re];B[rd];W[rc];B[rf];W[sd];B[of]
(;W[rg];B[og])
(;W[og];B[pg];W[qg];B[rg];W[qh];B[ph];W[ri]))
(;W[qg];B[qe];W[re];B[rf];W[rd]
(;B[pf];W[pg];B[og];W[rg];B[oh])
(;B[pg]
(;W[pf];B[of];W[rg];B[og])
(;W[pb];B[pf];W[ob];B[rg])))
(;W[rg];B[pf];W[pg];B[og];W[oh];B[ph];W[qg];B[ng])))
(;W[of];B[nd]C[When Black has no extension at top.];W[rd];B[qc];W[ri];B[jc])
(;W[nc];B[pf]LB[pg:a][qc:b]C[White 'a' is conventional. White 'b' is a recent Korean innovation.]
(;W[pg];B[of];W[qc];B[qe];W[pc];B[rf]LB[lc:a][ob:b]C[Black can later play 'a' in sente, aiming at an attack at 'b'.])
(;W[qc]LB[qe:a][pc:b]C[Black can block at 'a' or at 'b'.]
(;B[qe];W[pc];B[qg]C[Black's shape looks a bit overconcentrated.])
(;B[pc];W[qd]LB[pe:a][qe:b]C[Black can simply connect at 'a', which gives White the chance to play a fast-paced fuseki. If Black wants to forestall that, he can also wedge at 'b'.]
(;B[pe];W[qe];B[qg]LB[jd:a][rg:b]C[White can now choose a fast-paced strategy at 'a'. The hane at 'b' emphasises territory, but is a little slack.]
(;W[jd];B[rg];W[pb];B[ob];W[qb];B[oc]C[White now has sente again and can continue his fast-paced strategy.])
(;W[rg]C[White 12 is not recommended.];B[rh];W[qh];B[pg];W[ri];B[qi];W[sh];B[kc]C[Black is happy with this result.]))
(;B[qe];W[re];B[pe]LB[rf:a][qg:b][rg:c]C[White 'a', the connection, is the only choice. White 'b' gives away the corner, while White 'c' leads to a painfully low position.]
(;W[rf]LB[pb:a][kc:b]C[Black 'a' is the best tactic to secure territory. Black 'b' leads to an exchange of black influence for white territory.]
(;B[pb]LB[jd:a][qb:b]C[Jumping to 'a' is correct for White. If he blocks at 'b', Black will confine him to the corner.]
(;W[jd]LB[rb:a][qg:b]C[Black 'a' takes away White's base. Black 'b' is not so good: Black can't seal White in.]
(;B[rb]LB[rh:a][pg:b][ri:c]C[The jump to 'a' is White's best option. White 'b' or 'c' leaves him with an inferior position.]
(;W[rh]LB[qg:a][ri:b]C[Black 'a' keeps White out of the center, although White develops good shape. Black 'b' lets White get into the center.]
(;B[qg];W[qh];B[pg];W[qj];B[rg];W[sg];B[ph];W[pj];B[qi];W[rj];B[ri];W[si];B[oj]
;W[ok]C[White can make good shape after 30.])
(;B[ri];W[ph];B[qi];W[pg]))
(;W[pg];B[og];W[ph];B[oh];W[qi];B[qj];W[rh];B[ri];W[qh];B[pj]C[White is sealed in.])
(;W[ri];B[qh];W[rh];B[qg];W[rg];B[qj]C[White's position on the second line is painfully low.]))
(;B[qg];W[rg];B[qh];W[qb]))
(;W[qb];B[qg];W[jd];B[rg]))
(;B[kc];W[pg];B[og];W[oh];B[ph];W[qg]LB[ng:a][nh:b]C[Black 'a' is a calm play leading to an even exchange. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[ng];W[nh];B[mg];W[mh];B[lg];W[nj]LB[lh:a][pl:b]C[Black builds considerable thickness in exhange for White territory with 'a'. Black 'b' is a tactic to complicate the situation and start a fight in the center of the board.]
(;B[lh];W[pk])
(;B[pl]))
(;B[nh];W[ng];B[oi];W[of]C[Black has no defense against this powerful countertactic.])))
(;W[qg]C[White 12 is not recommended.];B[rf];W[rg];B[rd];W[sf];B[rc]C[Black is satisfied to take the corner.])
(;W[rg]C[White 12 is not recommended, as White is too low.];B[qg];W[rf];B[kc]C[White is forced to play on the second line three times, after which Black can play the ideal point of 15.]))))))
(;B[qj]LB[qc:a][qd:b][nc:c][nd:d][md:e]C[White continues with 'a' to 'e'.

e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;W[qc];B[qd];W[pc];B[od];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qe];W[nc];B[pf])
(;W[qd];B[qc];W[pc];B[oc];W[pb];B[qe];W[rd];B[od];W[ob];B[re];W[rc];B[pf])
(;W[nc]LB[nd:a][oe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd];W[md]LB[ne:a][oc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ne]LB[oc:a][qc:b][me:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[oc];B[pc]LB[jc:a][pg:b][re:c][pi:d]C[White continues with 'a'to 'd'.]
(;W[jc];B[qe])
(;W[pg];B[qe];W[re];B[pf];W[rf];B[rd];W[ng];B[pb])
(;W[re];B[pe];W[me];B[mf];W[le];B[rd];W[qh];B[ng])
(;W[pi]LB[pj:a][qe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pj];W[qi];B[oj];W[re];B[pe];W[kc];B[oi];W[rc])
(;B[qe];W[pj];B[kd];W[me];B[mf];W[le];B[pf])))
(;W[qc]LB[oc:a][qd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oc]LB[qd:a][mc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qd];B[mc])
(;W[mc];B[qd];W[rd];B[nb];W[rb];B[mb];W[kc];B[kd];W[jd];B[lc];W[ld];B[ke];W[lb]
;B[me];W[hc]))
(;B[qd];W[pc];B[oc];W[ob];B[od]LB[mb:a][mc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[mb];B[me];W[ld];B[oj])
(;W[mc];B[nb];W[pb];B[me];W[kd];B[le];W[jc];B[oj])))
(;W[me];B[oc];W[mc];B[nf];W[qc];B[qd];W[rd]LB[nb:a][rb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nb];W[rb];B[mb];W[kc];B[mf];W[ke])
(;B[rb];W[rc];B[qb];W[qh])))
(;B[oc];W[ne];B[od]LB[mc:a][nb:b][of:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[mc]C[White 10 is suitable for a handicap game, as this leaves White in a difficult position.];B[pf];W[pg];B[of]LB[re:a][pi:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[re];B[rd];W[qd];B[qc];W[qe];B[rc];W[pi];B[pj];W[oi];B[rh];W[qg];B[oj])
(;W[pi];B[pj];W[oj];B[qi];W[qh];B[ok];W[oi];B[re]))
(;W[nb];B[me];W[ld];B[nf];W[le];B[oe]LB[rd:a][mg:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[rd];B[lf];W[kf];B[lg])
(;W[mg];B[re];W[ng];B[og];W[oh];B[ph];W[oi];B[pi];W[oj];B[pk]))
(;W[of];B[mc];W[ld];B[nb])))
(;B[oe];W[qc];B[qd];W[pc];B[me];W[ld];B[oj]))
(;W[nd]LB[pf:a][ne:b][qe:c]C[Black continues with 'a'to 'c'.]
(;B[pf];W[pg];B[of];W[qe];B[od];W[rc]
(;B[nc])
(;B[jd];W[og];B[me];W[ng];B[mf]))
(;B[ne]LB[me:a][qc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[me];B[oe];W[qc];B[qd];W[pc]LB[rc:a][md:b][oc:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[rc];W[od];B[pf];W[rb];B[rd];W[md];B[oj])
(;B[md];W[nc])
(;B[oc];W[od];B[ob]LB[nc:a][md:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nc];B[rc];W[pe];B[qe];W[pf];B[og];W[rd];B[re];W[rb];B[sd];W[pb];B[rf];W[ld]
;B[ng])
(;W[md];B[rc];W[pe];B[qe];W[pf];B[nf];W[pi])))
(;W[qc];B[qd];W[pc];B[od];W[oc]LB[of:a][md:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[of];W[md];B[oj])
(;B[md];W[nc];B[of];W[me];B[ld];W[mf];B[pg];W[ke];B[jc])))
(;B[qe];W[pf];B[oe];W[pe];B[od];W[qd];B[qc];W[re];B[rd];W[pi];B[pj];W[oi];B[nc]
))
(;W[md]LB[nd:a][oe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd]LB[nc:a][ne:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nc];B[ne])
(;W[ne];B[nc]LB[oe:a][qd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[oe];B[qd]LB[lf:a][mc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[lf];B[mc];W[ld])
(;W[mc];B[me];W[og];B[le];W[kc];B[mb];W[lb];B[nb];W[kd];B[lg]))
(;W[qd];B[me];W[qc];B[nf])))
(;B[oe]LB[rd:a][qc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[rd];B[pg];W[qg];B[ph];W[qc];B[pc])
(;W[qc];B[qd];W[rd];B[re];W[rb];B[sd];W[rc];B[qe];W[nc];B[nf]))))
(;B[jd]LB[nc:a][md:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nc];B[pf];W[pg];B[of])
(;W[md];B[pf];W[pg];B[of];W[qe];B[qd];W[pe];B[oe];W[od];B[nd];W[oc];B[rd];W[qh]
;B[nc];W[ob];B[nb];W[ne];B[nf];W[me];B[pb];W[mg];B[lc]))
(;B[of]AB[jc]LB[qc:a][ph:b]C[Black 3 is played with an extension at top, such as shown.

White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qc];B[pc];W[qd];B[pe];W[rg];B[je])
(;W[ph];B[qe];W[pf];B[oe]))
(;B[pj]AB[jd][dd]C[Black may play this way with a san-ren-sei.];W[qc];B[pc];W[qd];B[pe];W[rg])
(;B[dp];W[nc]LB[oe:a][cq:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. 'b' shows Black playing elsewhere.]
(;B[oe])
(;B[cq];W[oe]LB[oc:a][qc:b]C[A go proverb states: "in a symmetrical position, play in the center", but that is not the case here.

Go Seigen insists Black 'a' is the best move. Black 'b' also gives life.]
(;B[oc]LB[nb:a][od:b]C[White 'a' seals Black in. White 'b' results in an exchange, with Black getting out on the right.]
(;W[nb];B[re];W[rf];B[od];W[nd];B[ob])
(;W[od];B[qe];W[pc];B[qc];W[ob];B[rf];W[rg];B[qg];W[pf];B[rh];W[re];B[sg];W[rd]
))
(;B[qc];W[pb]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is less favorable.]
(;B[qe];W[re];B[pe];W[pf];B[rd];W[rf];B[pc];W[ob];B[qb])
(;B[qb];W[pc];B[re];W[qe];B[qd];W[rf];B[od];W[nd];B[pa];W[mb];B[oc];W[ob];B[oa]
;W[nb];B[sd];W[qa];B[rb];W[sb];B[sc];W[na];B[ra]))))
(;B[re]LB[pj:a][nc:b][pc:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'. White should be prepared for a fight with 'b' and 'c'.]
(;W[pj];B[qh]LB[qj:a][rf:b]C[White can emphasize the bottom right with 'a', or fight with 'b'.]
(;W[qj];B[of])
(;W[rf]))
(;W[nc];B[oc];W[nd];B[of]C[Fighting erupts. Continuation depends on overall board position.];W[pe]C[White 8 shows toughness.];B[oe];W[od];B[pc]LB[qd:a][og:b]C[White 'a' and 'b' are possibilities.]
(;W[qd];B[qe];W[pf];B[og]LB[rf:a][rd:b]C[White 'a' and 'b' are possibilities.]
(;W[rf];B[rd];W[qi];B[oi])
(;W[rd];B[rf];W[qb];B[qg];W[ob]))
(;W[og];B[ng];W[qd];B[qe];W[pf];B[pg];W[rf];B[rd];W[oh];B[nf];W[nh];B[mg];W[qh]
))
(;W[pc]LB[qc:a][oc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qc];W[oc]LB[od:a][qb:b]C[Black 'a' is preferable to 'b'.]
(;B[od];W[nc];B[qb];W[nd];B[of];W[jd])
(;B[qb];W[od];B[pe];W[kd]))
(;B[oc];W[qd];B[qe];W[od]LB[pe:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pe];W[nc];B[qc];W[pb]LB[oe:a][qb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is not as favorable.]
(;B[oe];W[nd])
(;B[qb];W[ob]LB[oe:a][ne:b]C[Now Black 'a', White 'b', not as favorable for Black as the other variation.]))
(;B[qc];W[pe];B[rd];W[pd];B[qb];W[nc];B[pf])))))
(;W[pf]LB[nd:a][pj:b][ph:c][qh:d]C[Black typically responds at 'a'; 'b' is played when Black finds play on the right side advantageous. 'c' or 'd' may be played when Black has support at top.]
(;B[nd];W[qd];B[qc];W[qe];B[rc];W[qj];B[jc])
(;B[pj];W[nd]LB[oe:a][pc:b][qc:c]C[Black responds with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[oe];W[qc];B[qd];W[pc];B[of];W[od];B[pg])
(;B[pc]C[The 3-3 point is also possible.
];W[nf];B[nb]))
(;B[ph]AB[lc]C[This situation arises when White has support at top.];W[qd];B[qc];W[pc]C[White must have the ladder to play this way (especially for d4). Black has various continuations.]LB[od:a][pe:b][qb:c][rc:d]
(;B[od];W[qb];B[rc];W[rb];B[qe];W[rd];B[re];W[sc])
(;B[pe];W[rc];B[qb];W[rb]LB[pb:a][oc:b]C[Black continues at 'a' or 'b'. 'b' is more sensible.]
(;B[pb];W[oc];B[ob];W[nc];B[nb];W[qe])
(;B[oc];W[pb];B[qe];W[rd];B[ob];W[qa]))
(;B[qb];W[od];B[pb];W[oc];B[rd];W[qe];B[ob])
(;B[rc];W[od]LB[pb:a]C[White 8 at 'a' does not work.]))
(;B[qh]C[Black 3 was played by Kitani Minoru against Iwamoto Kaoru in game 3 of the 4th Honinbo title in November, 1947.];W[nd];B[pc];W[ph];B[qg];W[qf];B[pg];W[of];B[og];W[nf];B[nc];W[ld];B[mc]
;W[kf]))
(;W[pg]LB[nd:a][qj:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd]LB[qk:a][qd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qk];B[jc])
(;W[qd]LB[qc:a][qe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'a' gives a clear-cut division of territory: Black at top, White at right. Black 'b' ]
(;B[qc]LB[qe:a][pe:b][rc:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[qe];B[rc];W[pe];B[od];W[qk];B[jc])
(;W[pe];B[od];W[re];B[rc];W[qk];B[jc])
(;W[rc];B[pc];W[qe];B[rb];W[qk];B[jc]))
(;B[qe];W[pe]LB[re:a][pf:b][qf:c]C[White 6 is a trick play.

Black 'a' offers Black an advantage. Black 'b' makes White fight a ko for life in the corner. Black 'c' is a mistake, with Black taking the corner and White getting superior thickness.]
(;B[re]LB[rd:a][qc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'a' results in an ongoing fight. White takes the corner with 'b', yielding superior thickness to Black.]
(;W[rd];B[rg];W[od];B[pc];W[oe];B[oc];W[nc];B[mc];W[nb];B[qc])
(;W[qc];B[pc];W[pb];B[pf];W[oe];B[of];W[ne];B[ob];W[qb];B[nc];W[rd];B[qg];W[sb]
))
(;B[pf];W[oe];B[od];W[of];B[qc];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[rb];W[qb];B[pc];W[sb];B[ra]
;W[qa];B[sd];W[sa];B[rb];W[ra];B[se];W[pb];B[ob];W[oa];B[nb];W[sc])
(;B[qf];W[pf];B[qc];W[rd];B[rc];W[od];B[pc];W[qg];B[re];W[rf];B[sd];W[oc]))))
(;B[qj]LB[nc:a][nd:b][md:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[nc];B[nd];W[md];B[ne];W[oc];B[pc])
(;W[nd];B[oe];W[ng];B[ne];W[ld];B[me];W[md];B[le];W[kd];B[oh];W[og];B[lg])
(;W[md];B[ne];W[me];B[nf];W[nd];B[od];W[pi];B[pj];W[oi];B[mf])))
(;W[dp]LB[jc:a][mc:b][nc:c][jd:d][nd:e][pp:f]C[White plays elsewhere. Black continuations shown are 'a' to 'f'. 

'e' is possible, but not joseki. 'e' is shown to illustrate White invasions.

'f' is used to demonstrate san-ren-sei joseki.

f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;B[jc]LB[cq:a][qf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[cq]LB[nd:a][pf:b][qg:c][qf:d]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'd'.]
(;B[nd]LB[qc:a][qd:b]C[Black 5 is usually played when Black already has an extension at the top such as Black 3.

White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qc];B[qd];W[pb];B[nb];W[rd];B[re];W[rb];B[sd];W[rc])
(;W[qd];B[qc]LB[qe:a][pe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe];B[rc];W[pe];B[od];W[qh])
(;W[pe];B[qe];W[rd];B[re];W[od];B[pc];W[pf]LB[qg:a][oc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qg];W[pg];B[qh];W[oc];B[ob];W[nc];B[nb];W[mc])
(;B[oc];W[rf];B[rc];W[qf];B[sd];W[qj]))))
(;B[pf];W[pc];B[oc];W[qd]LB[pe:a][qe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pe];W[qb];B[ob];W[rf])
(;B[qe];W[od];B[pe];W[ob];B[nc];W[nb];B[qc];W[pb];B[mc];W[rd];B[rc];W[rb];B[re]
;W[qb];B[sd];W[mb];B[lc]))
(;B[qg]LB[qc:a][pc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qc];B[pc];W[qd];B[qb];W[qf];B[pf];W[qe];B[pg];W[rb];B[pb];W[rg];B[rh];W[sg]
)
(;W[pc];B[oc];W[ob];B[od];W[pb];B[nb];W[qd];B[qe];W[rd]))
(;B[qf];W[ob]LB[pc:a][pb:b][oc:c]C[White 6 is a standard tactic in this situation.

Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[pc];W[lc];B[je];W[le])
(;B[pb];W[pc];B[qc];W[oc];B[qb];W[od];B[pe];W[lc])
(;B[oc];W[qc];B[nb];W[qd];B[qe];W[pb];B[mc];W[rb])))
(;W[qf];B[nd]LB[qc:a][lc:b][md:c]C[White invades at 'a' to 'c'. 'a' is simplest and most effective.]
(;W[qc];B[qd];W[rd]LB[re:a][pc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'a' is typical. Black plays 'b' to get sente (and pays a bit for it).]
(;B[re]LB[rc:a][rb:b]C[White continues at 'a' or 'b'. 'b' leaves White a little thin.]
(;W[rc];B[qe];W[ob];B[nb];W[oc];B[nc];W[od];B[oe];W[pc];B[ne])
(;W[rb];B[sd];W[rc];B[qe];W[nb]C[White's shape is a little thin.]))
(;B[pc];W[rb];B[qb];W[rc]))
(;W[lc]LB[kd:a][ld:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[kd]LB[oc:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[oc]LB[od:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' lets White into the center.]
(;B[od]LB[pc:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pc];B[qc];W[qb]LB[rb:a][rd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'b' captures White 6.]
(;B[rb];W[ld];B[le];W[jb];B[ib];W[kb];B[ic];W[pb];B[rd])
(;B[rd];W[rb];B[mb];W[nb];B[mc]LB[re:a]C[Later, White 'a' is sente.]))
(;W[nc];B[pc];W[ld];B[le];W[jb];B[ib];W[kb];B[ic];W[mb];B[me]))
(;B[pc];W[od];B[oe];W[nc];B[pe];W[le]C[White 14 is the only way to play.]))
(;W[nc];B[oc];W[md];B[ne];W[ob];B[nb];W[mb]C[White intends to fight the ko.]))
(;B[ld];W[mc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[md:a][kd:b]
(;B[md];W[kc]LB[kd:a][jd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[kd];W[jb]LB[nc:a][ic:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nc];W[ic];B[jd];W[lb])
(;B[ic];W[ib];B[hc];W[ob];B[qc]))
(;B[jd];W[pb];B[qb]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. With 'b', White gives up the three stones, takes the corner and can connect to White 4.]
(;W[ob];B[qc];W[jb];B[ib];W[ka];B[kd])
(;W[qc];B[pc];W[rb];B[ob];W[qa])))
(;B[kd]LB[pc:a][qc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pc]LB[oc:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oc]C[Black 11 captures the two stones, and is a good result for Black.];W[qc];B[ob];W[qd];B[pe];W[qe];B[og])
(;B[qc];W[qb];B[rd];W[oc];B[od];W[nc];B[rb];W[pa];B[md]))
(;W[qc];B[pc];W[qd];B[pe];W[qb];B[pb];W[pf]C[Black gets a good result.]))))
(;W[md]LB[ne:a][me:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ne];W[kd];B[jd]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[ke:a][kf:b]
(;W[ke];B[je];W[kf];B[ig])
(;W[kf];B[je];W[mf];B[qe];W[pf];B[nf];W[mg];B[ng]))
(;B[me];W[ld];B[ne]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[le:a][jd:b]
(;W[le];B[je];W[lg])
(;W[jd];B[id];W[je];B[kc];W[le];B[mb])))))
(;B[mc]LB[qc:a][qd:b][qf:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[qc];B[qd];W[pc];B[oc];W[ob];B[nb];W[od];B[nc];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qf]
(;W[pb];B[oe]LB[nd:a][me:b]C[If White 'a', Black 'b' to capture.])
(;W[oe];B[pf];W[pb];B[nf]))
(;W[qd];B[qc]LB[qe:a][pc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe];B[rc];W[of];B[od];W[qh])
(;W[pc];B[od];W[rc];B[qb];W[qe];B[rb];W[qh]))
(;W[qf];B[qd];W[qi]))
(;B[nc]LB[qc:a][qf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'a' gives life in a small space, with considerable black thickness. White 'b' is the standard approach move.]
(;W[qc]C[White 4 leaves White with a small corner.];B[qd];W[pc];B[oc];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qf];W[ob];B[nb];W[pb])
(;W[qf]C[White 4 is the standard approach move.];B[rd];W[qi]))
(;B[jd];W[cq];B[pj]LB[qc:a][nc:b]C[White approaches with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qc];B[qd];W[pc];B[oc];W[ob]LB[nc:a][nb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nc];W[nb];B[mc];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qf])
(;B[nb]LB[nc:a][rd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nc];B[od];W[mb]LB[nd:a][pb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd];W[na];B[mc];W[nb]LB[lc:a]C[Black extending at 'a' is good, but most often Black plays elsewhere.])
(;B[pb];W[na];B[qb];W[nd];B[ne];W[me];B[nf];W[mf];B[ng]))
(;W[rd];B[re];W[qe];B[od];W[rf];B[rc];W[se];B[rb];W[qh])))
(;W[nc];B[oc];W[nd];B[pf];W[ld];B[kc]))
(;B[nd]C[A White single-handed 3-3 invasion is unusual, but possible.];W[qc]LB[qd:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qd];W[pb];B[pc];W[rb]LB[ob:a][rc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. ]
(;B[ob];W[rd];B[re];W[qa];B[sd];W[rc])
(;B[rc];W[qb]LB[ob:a][rd:b]C[Black should continue with 'b' to perfect thickness.  Black 'a' gives White a stone with no compensation for Black.]
(;B[ob]C[Black 11 gives White a stone with no compensation for Black.];W[rd];B[re];W[sc])
(;B[rd];W[nb];B[mb];W[sb];B[nc];W[ob])))
(;B[pc];W[qd];B[qe];W[re];B[qf];W[rf];B[qg];W[pb];B[ob];W[qb]))
(;B[pp]C[This is used to demonstrate san-ren-sei joseki.];W[dd];B[pj]LB[qf:a][nc:b][qc:c]C[White approaches at 'b'.  Approaching at 'a', where Black is strong, is not recommended. Invading at 'c' immediately is not recommended.

For 'c', see variation 3-5.]
(;W[qf]LB[qe:a][nd:b]C[The inside approach move is not recommended, as White is starting a fight where Black is strongest.

This does demonstrate a high handicap joseki, however.

Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qe];W[pf];B[nd]LB[ph:a][rj:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[ph];B[qi]C[Possbililites include 'a' to 'c'.]LB[mg:a][oj:b][ni:c]
(;W[mg];B[nj]C[The joseki ends here.

The continuation show a White invasion in the corner. This should not be attempted as long as the White outside group is weak.];W[qc];B[re];W[oc];B[od];W[nc];B[mc];W[mb];B[pc];W[pb];B[qb];W[ob]
;B[rc];W[qa];B[rb])
(;W[oj];B[ok];W[nj];B[pi];W[oi];B[qh])
(;W[ni];B[nj];W[mj];B[nk];W[mi];B[mk]))
(;W[rj]LB[qj:a][qi:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qj]LB[ri:a][rk:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' doesn't work.]
(;W[ri];B[rk])
(;W[rk];B[ri];W[qi];B[rh]C[Black must extend with 15.];W[rg];B[qh];W[pi];B[oi];W[ph];B[pg];W[oh];B[og];W[nh]
;B[qg]))
(;B[qi];W[ri];B[rh];W[qh]LB[qg:a][rg:b]C[Black possibilities are 'a' and 'b'.]
(;B[qg];W[rg];B[ph];W[sh];B[qh];W[re];B[rd])
(;B[rg];W[pk];B[ph];W[qj];B[pi];W[qn]))))
(;B[nd];W[rd];B[qc];W[qh]))
(;W[nc]LB[nd:a][pf:b][lc:c][kd:d][jd:e][ne:f]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'e'. 'a' is not recommended for Black.

For 'c', see c3 and variation 3-1-e5.
For 'd', see variation 3-1-g7.
For 'e', see variation 3-1-k11.]
(;B[nd]C[This is not recommended for Black.];W[md];B[ne]LB[oc:a][pc:b][ob:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[oc];B[pc];W[jc])
(;W[pc]LB[oc:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oc];W[ob];B[od];W[mb];B[qc];W[pb];B[me];W[ld])
(;B[qc];W[ob];B[pb];W[oc];B[qb];W[jc];B[pf]))
(;W[ob];B[pc];W[jc]))
(;B[pf]LB[pb:a][jd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pb];B[qc];W[kc])
(;W[jd]))
(;B[lc]LB[ne:a][ld:b][qc:c]C[White should not play 'a'; 'b' and 'c' are possibilities.]
(;W[ld];B[kd];W[md]LB[jc:a][pf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[jc]LB[ke:a][pf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or tries 'b'.]
(;W[lf];B[pf];W[ke];B[je];W[jf])
(;W[pf];B[oe];W[lf];B[of];W[ke];B[je];W[jf];B[ie];W[ph]))
(;B[pf];W[kc];B[jc];W[kb];B[jd];W[lb];B[oc]))
(;W[qc];B[qd];W[pc];B[od]LB[nb:a][rc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nb];B[me])
(;W[rc];B[nd];W[nb];B[rd]))))))
(;W[qc]C[White 2 is not joseki, but illustrates the possbilities without considering surrounding stones.];B[qd];W[pc];B[oc];W[ob]LB[nc:a][nb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Both end with Black gote.]
(;B[nc];W[nb];B[mc];W[rd];B[re];W[rc];B[qf])
(;B[nb]LB[nc:a][rd:b][od:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[nc];B[od];W[mb]LB[nd:a][pb:b]C[Black continues with 'a', possibly 'b'. Black 'a' gives thickness, Black 'b' the corner. ]
(;B[nd]C[Black 11 plays for thickness.];W[na];B[mc];W[nb];B[lc])
(;B[pb]C[Black 11 to take the two White corner stones.];W[na];B[qb]LB[rc:a]C[Unlikely to realize, but the White stones have some aji at 'a'.]))
(;W[rd];B[re];W[qe]LB[od:a][pe:b]C[Black 'a' next keeps things simple for Black and gives him a good result. Black 'b' is sometimes possible, but Black needs to be careful.]
(;B[od];W[rf];B[rc];W[se];B[rb])
(;B[pe]LB[rc:a][nc:b]C[White can now defend at 'a'. Cutting at 'b' does not produce a good result for White. ]
(;W[rc];B[qf];W[pb];B[nd]C[Black gets a thick position and White a living L+2 group.])
(;W[nc]C[White 12 is a mistake.];B[od];W[mb];B[pb];W[na];B[qb]C[Compared to the usual variation with Black taking the corner, White 8 and 10 don't serve any purpose.])))
(;W[od]C[White 8 was played by Kato Masao against Cho Chikun in game 1 of the 21st Judan Title, March 3, 1983.];B[nc];W[rd];B[re];W[rb];B[sd];W[rc]LB[qf:a][pb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[qf];W[pb];B[oe])
(;B[pb]C[Black 15 is unreasonable.];W[qe];B[pe];W[qf];B[rf];W[pf];B[oe];W[rg]))))
(;W[qi]AB[jc]C[White may try 2 when Black has already played at top as shown.];B[qk];W[qf];B[qe];W[pf];B[nd];W[qc]LB[pc:a][re:b][qd:c]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'c' is weak.]
(;B[pc];W[re]LB[rd:a][qd:b]C[Black 'a' is fine. Black 'b' is stronger.]
(;B[rd];W[qd];B[rc];W[pe];B[qb])
(;B[qd]LB[rd:a][dp:b]C[White continues locally with 'a' or plays elsewhere ('b').]
(;W[rd];B[rc]LB[rb:a][rg:b]C[White has the move at 'a', while Black has the peep at 'b'.])
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[rg]C[The peep at 13 is not recommended.];W[rf];B[ri];W[rc]C[White can easily settle himself if he gets an eye in the corner.])))
(;B[re]C[Black 9 shows an uncompromising attitude. Black accepts a reduction at top for an attack on the three White stones at right.];W[oc];B[od];W[nc];B[pc];W[pb];B[mc]LB[rb:a][mb:b]C[White continues with 'a' to live in the corner, 'b' to live on the top.]
(;W[rb]C[White 16 to live in the corner.];B[mb];W[oa];B[nf];W[oi];B[ok])
(;W[mb]C[White 16 to live at top (and give Black the corner).];B[qb];W[ob];B[rc];W[kc];B[jd];W[md];B[me];W[lc];B[ke]C[Black gets good outside strength with 25.];W[oi]))
(;B[qd]C[Black 9 is bad shape. White may play elsewhere.];W[pb]C[White 10 is the right move when the time comes.]))
(;W[qd]LB[qc:a][qe:b]C[White 2 is exceptional, used only when 'a' and 'b' are miai.]
(;B[qc];W[qe]LB[rc:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rc]LB[qh:a][pe:b][od:c]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is recommended only if a Black play at 'c' is not disadvantageous (forcing Black along the fourth line is generally bad news).];W[qh])
(;B[pc];W[qh];B[pe]))
(;B[qe];W[qc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b', depending upon the side of interest.]LB[pc:a][re:b]
(;B[pc];W[re]LB[qf:a][rf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' for thickness, or 'b' for the corner.]
(;B[qf];W[rf];B[qg];W[pb];B[ob];W[qb];B[nc])
(;B[rf];W[qf];B[pe];W[rg];B[rd];W[sf];B[rc]))
(;B[re];W[pc];B[od];W[nc]))))
(;B[oc]LB[qd:a][pe:b][qc:c]C[The mokuhazushi (5-3) point was popular in the Edo period in Japan (1600 - 1867). It emphasizes influence; territorially, it is inferior to the 3-4 point. 

The 5-3 point can lead to complicated joseki.

Approach moves for White range from 'a' to 'c'.  White 'a' is typical.

White 'b' forfeits the corner, and emphasizes the right side, so locally this is disadvantageous for White. 

White 'c' leads to a division of profit for White and influence for Black. A ladder helps when playing White 'c'.]
(;W[qd]LB[pe:a][kc:b][jc:c][ic:d][qf:e][qg:f][qh:g][pg:h][pf:i]C[White 2 is the standard approach because of its solidity and stability.

Black replies with 'a' to 'i'.

 i9, h8, g7, f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1

outcomes:
a1, b2, c3, d4 - Black top, White right
e5 - Black right, White top, with some White choice 
f6, g7 - Black top & right, White corner & out
h8 - Black top, White corner & out
i9 - taisha (Black ladder); Black top, White right generally
]
(;B[pe]LB[qe:a][pd:b][dp:c]C[A direct attempt to make the most of Black's superior influence.  Joseki continues with White 'a'. White 'b' may be reasonable given support at top. White suffers a terrible loss locally to play elsewhere ('c').]
(;W[qe]LB[pf:a][pg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pf];W[qg]LB[jc:a][qf:b][pg:c][qc:d]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'd'.

d4, c 3, b2, a1]
(;B[jc];W[pg];B[og];W[oh];B[ng];W[nh];B[mg];W[qf]LB[od:a]C['a' is a key point for both players.];B[je]C[A post-joseki extension.];W[od];B[pd]
;W[pc];B[pb];W[qc];B[nd];W[ob];B[nc];W[nb];B[mb];W[qb];B[na];W[pa];B[lc])
(;B[qf];W[rf];B[rg];W[rh];B[pg];W[qh];B[re];W[sg];B[qc];W[rd];B[jc])
(;B[pg];W[qh];B[ph];W[pi]LB[oi:a][qf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oi];W[oj];B[qf];W[rf];B[re];W[rg];B[qc];W[rd];B[pj];W[qi];B[ni])
(;B[qf];W[rf];B[qi]LB[oi:a][pc:b][qj:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[oi];B[ri];W[rh];B[sh];W[rg];B[qk];W[qc];B[ne])
(;W[pc];B[pb];W[qb];B[pd];W[qc];B[ri]LB[rg:a][rh:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[rg];B[pj];W[oi];B[oj];W[ni];B[nd])
(;W[rh];B[si];W[rg];B[pj];W[oi];B[oj];W[ni];B[nd]))
(;W[qj];B[ri];W[rh];B[sh];W[rg];B[rj];W[qk];B[rk];W[ql];B[rl];W[qm]LB[rm:a][rc:b]C[At this point Black's choices are 'a' and 'b'.]

(;B[rm];W[pc];B[pb];W[qb];B[pd];W[qc];B[oi];W[pj];B[qn];W[pn];B[po];W[qo];B[rn]
;W[oo];B[pp];W[op];B[on];W[pm];B[pq];W[nn])
(;B[rc];W[qc];B[qb];W[pb];B[rb];W[pc];B[ob];W[pa];B[rd];W[re];B[qa]
(;W[sb]C[This variation becomes favorable to Black.];B[sa];W[ra];B[pd];W[sd];B[sa];W[oa];B[mb];W[ra];B[oi];W[pj];B[sa];W[nb]
;B[nc];W[ra];B[rm];W[sc];B[qn];W[pn];B[po]C[The result is better for Black, as White 48, Black 49 is terrible for White.])
(;W[od];B[pd];W[nc];B[nb];W[mb];B[mc];W[na];B[nd];W[oa];B[oe];W[lb]LB[rm:a][sd:b]C[The captures at 'a' and 'b' are miai.]
)))))
(;B[qc];W[pg];B[pd];W[ng];B[qf];W[rf];B[rc]))
(;B[pg];W[pf];B[of];W[qf]LB[og:a][ng:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[og];W[pc];B[ob];W[qh];B[jc]LB[pi:a]C['a' is now a good point for both players.])
(;B[ng];W[oh];B[og];W[pc];B[ob];W[qh];B[jc])))
(;W[pd]C[White 4 only makes sense with surrounding support.];B[od];W[oe];B[pf];W[ne]LB[qb:a][re:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'b' if White does not have a pincer at top (giving Black room to make life).]
(;B[qb];W[rf];B[qg];W[rb];B[pb];W[rc]LB[lc:a][rg:b]C[Black plays 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[lc])
(;B[rg];W[re]))
(;B[re];W[rd];B[og];W[qe]C[If White tries pushing through.];B[rf];W[qf];B[qg]))
(;W[dp];B[qe];W[qi]LB[qg:a][cq:b]C[Black must play 'a' to capture White 2. White can live in the corner if Black plays elsewhere ('b').]
(;B[qg])
(;B[cq];W[pd];B[od];W[re];B[rf];W[rd];B[qg];W[pb];B[ob];W[rb])))
(;B[kc]LB[pe:a][pf:b][mc:c][dp:d]C[Three spaces is the minimum extension. Two spaces is too mild, as White attaches against the 5-3 stone.

White can play at 'a' through 'c', or play elsewhere.]
(;W[pe];B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[mc]LB[mb:a][oe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mb];AE[lc][lb]W[lb];B[lc];W[nb];B[md];W[nc];B[nd];W[od];B[ob];W[ma];B[oa];W[na]
;B[kb];W[pc];B[oe];W[pd];B[of])
(;B[oe];W[of];B[ne];W[pc];B[ob];W[pg];B[ld]))
(;W[pf]C[Black may play elsewhere after this.];B[qc];W[rc];B[pd]LB[qe:a][qb:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe])
(;W[qb];B[qe];W[pc];B[rd];W[od];B[qc];W[pb];B[oe];W[nd];B[pe]))
(;W[mc]LB[oe:a][pe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oe];W[pf];B[ld];W[pc];B[ob];W[qj]C[Depending on the position, White may extend further than 10.])
(;B[pe]LB[qe:a][pd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe];B[pf];W[qg];B[ld])
(;W[pd];B[od];W[oe];B[ne];W[of];B[md];W[pf])))
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[qg];W[pe];B[qj];W[of]))
(;B[jc]LB[pe:a][pf:b][qg:c][md:d][ld:e]C[The choice between the three and four-space extension is mainly influenced by the position in the top-left corner. White has no particularly severe attack against the wider extension.

White can answer at 'a' through 'e' or play elsewhere.]
(;W[pe]LB[md:a][nd:b][dp:c]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b', or plays elsewhere.]
(;B[md])
(;B[nd])
(;B[dp]LB[nd:a][lc:b]C[Black plays elsewhere. White attacks with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nd];B[nc];W[ld];B[mc];W[ne];B[lc];W[qj])
(;W[lc]C[White 6 is a sacrifice to fix up his shape in the corner.];B[oe];W[of];B[ne];W[pc];B[pb];W[qb];B[le])))
(;W[pf];B[qc];W[rc];B[pd];W[qe];B[qb];W[qj])
(;W[qg]C[White 4 provides stability. It is played whenn White cannot expect to develop down the right side from the high diagonal or knight move. With this move the right side is played out. Black is in no hurry to respond.];B[pf];W[qf];B[qc];W[rc];B[pd];W[qe];B[qb])
(;W[md];B[oe];W[pf]LB[kd:a][ph:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[kd];W[mf];B[mc];W[nd];B[nc];W[od];B[pc];W[qc];B[pd];W[pe])
(;B[ph]LB[of:a][pg:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[of];B[ne];W[pc];B[ob];W[ng];B[me];W[pk])
(;W[pg]LB[oh:a][qh:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oh];W[nf]LB[mb:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mb];W[pc];B[ob];W[ng])
(;B[qc];W[rc];B[ne];W[ng];B[me];W[pc];B[ob]))
(;B[qh];W[nf];B[mb];W[pc];B[ob];W[nh]))))
(;W[ld]LB[of:a][nd:b][pe:c]C[Black continues with 'a'to 'c'.]
(;B[of];W[qg])
(;B[nd];W[pf];B[lc];W[qj])
(;B[pe]LB[pd:a][qe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pd];B[od];W[oe];B[ne];W[of];B[md];W[pf];B[lc])
(;W[qe];B[pf];W[qg];B[je];W[lf];B[pg];W[qh];B[ph])))
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere. Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qf:a][qg:b]
(;B[qf];W[pe];B[pf];W[ne];B[of];W[oe];B[md]LB[pc:a][pj:b]C[White plays 'a' or 'b'.])
(;B[qg];W[pe];B[md];W[of];B[qj];W[pc];B[ob];W[pb]C[White 12 is necessary to secure his base in the corner, the price for paying elsewhere earlier.])))
(;B[ic]LB[pe:a][pf:b][ld:c]C[The maximum extension for Black. Black's choice of this extension is influenced by the position in the top-left corner.

White can answer 'a' through 'c'. Playing elsewhere is ot favorable, as Black can make effective use of this five-space extension. This is a relaxed extension so there are no fierce variations.]
(;W[pe];B[md])
(;W[pf];B[ld])
(;W[ld];B[of];W[qg]))
(;B[qf]LB[pe:a][pf:b][od:c][qe:d]C[The aim of playing the close pincer of Black 3 is mainly to build influence on the right. Therefore a Black position in the lower right corner is desirable when making this pincer.

White replies range from 'a' to 'd'. White 'a' is most popular. The other moves indicate a special strategy.

White cannot play elsewhere, as Black 'a' gives him a very unfavorable result.
]
(;W[pe];B[pf]LB[ne:a][nd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[ne]LB[of:a][md:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[of]LB[oe:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[oe];B[lc]LB[md:a][ob:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[md];B[mc];W[pc];B[rc];W[ob];B[nb];W[od];B[nc];W[rd];B[pb];W[qb];B[oa];W[rb]
)
(;W[ob]LB[pb:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pb];W[nc];B[nb];W[mb];B[oa];W[mc];B[rb];W[ld])
(;B[pc];W[nc];B[nb];W[mb];B[nd];W[mc];B[md];W[lb];B[od];W[kc];B[ld];W[nf])))
(;W[nc];B[nb];W[mc];B[pc];W[oe];B[mb];W[kc];B[lc];W[ld];B[lb];W[kd];B[qc];W[rd]
;B[pj];W[mg]))
(;B[md]C[Black 7 is a pattern developed by Kitani disciples. It is still experimental, so there is no definitive continuation.]))
(;W[nd]LB[mc:a][nc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mc]LB[pc:a][qj:b]C[Black 7 is a light move. White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pc];B[qj];W[nc]C[Black has sente but this is an adequate result for White.])
(;W[qj];B[of];W[oe];B[nf];W[md];B[lc];W[ld];B[kc];W[lf]))
(;B[nc];W[md];B[mc];W[ld];B[kc];W[qj];B[nf];W[oe];B[of];W[lf])))
(;W[pf]LB[pg:a][qg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pg]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]LB[pe:a][of:b][od:c]
(;W[pe];B[qh]LB[lc:a][nd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[lc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ng];W[nd];B[rc]C[This is Black's continuation from the joseki.];W[qc];B[qb];W[pb];B[rb];W[pc];B[rd])
(;B[nd];W[nf];B[ld];W[kd];B[le];W[mc];B[ne];W[og]))
(;W[nd]C[If White wants to play a good point elsewhere, he can take sente with White 8. The idea is to switch elsewhere, answering Black lightly if he plays locally.];B[mc];AE[md][me]W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[md]C[Black's continuation when White plays elsewhere.];W[pc];B[od];W[rf];B[nf];W[rg];B[qg]
;W[qe]LB[nh:a]C[Black 'a' rounds off Black's shape, but may not be necessary.]))
(;W[of]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]LB[qg:a][og:b][qe:c]
(;B[qg];W[od];B[pc];W[pd];B[mc];W[qk];B[pj];W[pk];B[oj];W[ok];B[nj];W[mf];B[jc]
)
(;B[og];W[od];B[pc];W[pd];B[mc];W[ng];B[qi];W[ld];B[lc];W[kd];B[jc];W[nh]LB[nf:a][mf:b]C[If Black 'a', White 'b'.]
)
(;B[qe];W[pd];B[od];W[pe];B[ph];W[pc];B[kc]))
(;W[od]
(;B[pc];W[of];B[pd];W[qe];B[qg];W[pe];B[nd];W[qc];B[og];W[nf];B[ld])
(;B[nd];W[of]
(;B[pc];W[pd];B[qc];W[qg];B[qh];W[rg];B[ph];W[rf])
(;B[pd];W[pc];B[oe];W[pe];B[od];W[qg];B[qh];W[rg];B[qc];W[rc];B[pb];W[rh];B[rd]
;W[qe];B[rb]))))
(;B[qg]C[The idea behind Black 5 is not to give White any momentum, but it does not do much for Black either.];W[pe];B[lc];W[pi]))
(;W[od]C[White 4 is a simple move but for this very reason gives a slightly less satisfactory result.];B[nd]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[oe:a][pf:b]
(;W[oe];B[pc];W[qe]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[qc:a][pg:b]
(;B[qc];W[qh])
(;B[pg];W[qc];B[ng];W[nf];B[lc];W[mg];B[nh];W[lf];B[qk]))
(;W[pf];B[pd];W[qe];B[pe];W[qg];B[rf];W[rg];B[of];W[pg];B[qc];W[re];B[rd];W[sf]
))
(;W[qe]LB[pg:a][pf:b]C[Joseki continues with Black 'a'. Black 'b' has been played professionally.]
(;B[pg]
(;W[od];B[nd]
(;W[oe];B[pb];W[qb];B[qc];W[rc];B[pc];W[rb];B[re];W[rd];B[ng])
(;W[ne];B[md];W[of];B[pc];W[me];B[ld];W[og]))
(;W[oe]
(;B[lc];W[pc];B[ob];W[pb])
(;B[md];W[nf]LB[pc:a]C[Black will probably extend down the right next, so White gets a base with 'a'.])))
(;B[pf]C[Black 5 was played by Handa Dogen against Kitani Minoru in round 2 of the 18th (1963) Honinbo League.];W[od];B[pc];W[qc];B[qj];W[nd];B[mc];W[nc];B[nb];W[ob]C[The two Black stones are captured. In the game, Black played elsewhere.])))
(;B[qg]C[White may respond at 'a' or 'b'. He must not permit Black 'a' by playing elsewhere.]LB[pe:a][od:b]
(;W[pe]LB[qj:a][og:b][md:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[qj]LB[pc:a][of:b][lc:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[pc];B[od];W[pb])
(;W[of];B[lc];W[pc])
(;W[lc];B[nd];W[of];B[me];W[pc];B[kd];W[jc]))
(;B[og]LB[nd:a][pc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nd];B[nc];W[pc];B[od];W[oe];B[kc])
(;W[pc];B[ne]))
(;B[md]C[Black 5 is a bit inconsistent. In this case, Black 3 would be better placed one space higher (4th line).];W[pc];B[od]LB[pb:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pb];B[ic])
(;W[of])))
(;W[od];B[nd];W[oe];B[pc];W[qc]LB[kc:a][qj:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[kc];W[qf];B[rf];W[re];B[pf];W[qe])
(;B[qj];W[kc];B[ne];W[pg];B[qh];W[og];B[le];W[id])))
(;B[qh]LB[pc:a][pe:b]C[Black 1 is mainly influenced by the position in the bottom right corner. It indicates a special strategy and is not seen often. In the local context it is a slack move.

White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pc];B[od];W[qf];B[og])
(;W[pe];B[lc];W[pc];B[od]))
(;B[pg]LB[pe:a][od:b]C[The aim of Black 3 is to take advantage of White's response to play at the top.

White 'a' is more common. White 'b' is the same as the one-space pincer variations.]
(;W[pe]LB[md:a][oe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[md];W[pc];B[od];W[pb];B[ic])
(;B[oe];W[of];B[pf];W[od];B[ne];W[nd];B[me];W[nc];B[lc];W[lb]C[White 14 helps strengthen Black, but secures White's position in sente.];B[kb];W[mb];B[kd]
))
(;W[od];B[nd];W[oe];B[pc];W[qc];B[qf];W[qe];B[ng];W[nf]))
(;B[pf]LB[qe:a][qf:b][pe:c][od:d]C[Black 3 initiates the taisha (large slant) joseki, regarded as one of the most complex and noted for its multitude of variations. For the complex variations (variation 'd'), Black must have the ladder.

White may play at 'a' through 'c', or play elsewhere, to avoid complications. These are compromise moves, so slight disadvantages cannot be avoided. There are compromise moves even after attaching at 'd'.]
(;W[qe]LB[oe:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oe];W[qg];B[jc])
(;B[qc];W[rc];B[pc];W[qg];B[rb];W[pg]))
(;W[qf]LB[pe:a][qg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pe];W[qe];B[pg];W[qh])
(;B[qg]LB[pe:a][pg:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pe];B[rf];W[qe];B[pg];W[nd];B[mc];W[pc])
(;W[pg]C[White 6 introduces complications. The ladder is important.];B[qe];W[rf]LB[of:a][pe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[of];W[re];B[ph];W[pc];B[nd])
(;B[pe];W[re];B[qh];W[og];B[ne];W[qc];B[pj]))))
(;W[pe];B[oe]LB[qf:a][od:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qf]LB[pg:a][pd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pg];W[qg];B[ph];W[qh];B[pi];W[qj];B[ic];W[od]C[White 14 is post joseki. The corner is at stake, but playing this early makes Black thick.];B[nd];W[pd];B[ne];W[nc];B[mc]
;W[nb];B[mb];W[ob])
(;B[pd];W[qe];B[qc];W[rc];B[qb];W[pg];B[of];W[qj]))
(;W[od]C[The hanekomi of White 6 was invented by Kitani Minoru.];B[nd];W[pd]LB[ne:a][of:b][nc:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[ne];W[nc]LB[mc:a][ob:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mc];W[nb]LB[mb:a][ld:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mb];W[ob];B[og])
(;B[ld];W[ob];B[qf]))
(;B[ob];W[nb];B[lc];W[pb];B[mc];W[pc];B[og]))
(;B[of];W[nc];B[mc];W[nb];B[md];W[ob])
(;B[nc];W[of];B[ne];W[pg];B[qf];W[qg];B[rf];W[rg];B[rc];W[rd];B[qc])))
(;W[od];B[pd];W[pe];B[pc]LB[oe:a][qe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'a' requires a favorable ladder.]
(;W[oe]C[White 8 requires a favorable ladder.];B[qe];W[qf];B[re];W[pg];B[mc];W[of];B[rd])
(;W[qe];B[oe]LB[of:a][nd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[of]LB[nd:a][ne:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd];W[ne]LB[me:a][md:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[me];W[od];B[qc];W[oe];B[md];W[qi]C[From the standpoint of tewari, this result is slightly favorable to Black.])
(;B[md];W[od];B[qc];W[pg]))
(;B[ne];W[pg];B[nf];W[og]))
(;W[nd]C[White 10 leads to the difficult variations. 

Black must have the ladders.];B[qc]C[Black 11 is the only move.];W[qf]LB[of:a][pg:b][ne:c]C[White 12 is the only continuation.

Black may choose 'a' through 'c'.]
(;B[of];W[qh]LB[mb:a][mc:b][ld:c][md:d][me:e][le:f]C[Black has six continuations: 'a' through 'f'.

f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1]
(;B[mb];W[ld]LB[oh:a][mh:b][nh:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[oh];W[pj];B[lg]LB[kg:a]C[Black 19 at 'a' is also possible.];W[jd])
(;B[mh];W[pg];AE[og][oh]B[mf];W[jd];B[pi];W[rj];B[og])
(;B[nh];W[pj];B[kg];W[jd]))
(;B[mc];W[md];B[ld]LB[nc:a][le:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[nc];B[nb];W[mb];B[lc];W[ob]LB[na:a][me:b]C[Black must sacrifice another stone by playing 'a'. Black 'b' results in a ko unfavorable to Black.]
(;B[na]LB[me:a][ma:b]C[White must play 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[me]LB[lb:a][pb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. If White plays properly, he may secure a favorable result.]
(;B[lb];W[rc];B[pb];W[mg];B[oh];W[mi];B[oj];W[rb]C[White 32 is big. This result favors White.])
(;B[pb];W[le];B[ke];W[kf];B[je];W[lg]LB[oh:a][pj:b]C[Black gets a good position at the top, but his three center stones are deserted: Black 'a' prompts White 'b'. ]))
(;W[ma];B[me];W[oa];B[nb];W[na];B[ne];W[nb];B[lb];W[rc];B[qb]LB[rb:a][qa:b]C[White plays 'a' and is captured outright. White plays 'b' and gets an unfavorable ko.]
(;W[rb]LB[pa:a][ra:b]C[Black can play 'a' or 'b' to capture.])
(;W[qa];B[rb];W[sb];B[rd];W[ra];B[sc];W[pb])))
(;B[me];W[na];B[ne];W[nb];B[pb];W[rc];B[rb];W[pa];B[qb];W[rd];B[sb];W[lb];B[kb]
;W[ra];B[qa];W[kc];B[jb];W[sc];B[oa]LB[le:a]C[A ko fight, but unfavorable to Black, as White has ko threats, beginning with 'a'.]))
(;W[le]C[White 18 is a mistake.];B[nc];W[kd];B[lc];W[me];B[ke]))
(;B[ld];W[nc];B[nb];W[mb];B[mc];W[ob];B[na];W[me]LB[pb:a][lb:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pb];W[le];B[kd];W[ke];B[jd]LB[je:a]C[The result favors White. 'a' is sente.])
(;B[lb];W[rc];B[pb];W[le]C[With Black's three center stones weak, this also favors White.]))
(;B[md];W[nc]LB[mc:a][ne:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mc];W[ne]LB[nb:a]C[White 18 at 'a' is a mistake.];B[nb];W[me];B[oh];W[ke];B[lb];W[pj])
(;B[ne];W[mc]LB[lc:a][ld:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[lc];W[lb];B[ld];W[ob];B[pb]LB[kb:a][nb:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[kb];B[nb];W[mb];B[oa];W[jd])
(;W[nb];B[kb];W[rc];B[pa];W[qa];B[rb];W[oa];B[qb];W[sb];B[ra];W[ma];B[rd]))
(;B[ld];W[ob];B[pb];W[kb];B[kc];W[nb];B[rb];W[jc])))
(;B[me];W[nc];B[lc]LB[ob:a][rc:b]C[White continues at 'a' or 'b'. White 'a' starts a fight. White 'b' gives up the three White stones.]
(;W[ob];B[pb];W[nb];B[rb];W[rd];B[qa];W[lb]LB[kc:a][kb:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is unreasonable, but White must counter well or lose the game.]
(;B[kc];W[kb];B[jc];W[jb];B[ic];W[ib];B[mg];W[qk];B[gc])
(;B[kb]LB[ld:a][kc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' fails.];W[ld]LB[md:a][le:b][ph:c]C[Black may try 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[md];W[mc];B[kc];W[ne];B[nf];W[mf];B[le];W[ng]LB[lf:a]C[Note that White plays 38, not at 'a'.])
(;B[le]LB[kc:a][kd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[kc];B[kd];W[jc];B[md];W[mc]LB[jb:a][ic:b]C[Black cannot win the ko. If Black 'a', White 'b' is a ko threat in itself.])
(;W[kd]C[White 28 is a mistake. White loses.];B[md];W[kc];B[mc];W[mb];B[jb]))
(;B[ph]LB[qi:a][kc:b]C[White continues with 'a', giving up the White stones at top (and 30 points of territory) for thickness. White 'b' saves the top stones, but the stones at right are hemmed in (in White gote).]
(;W[qi];B[md];W[ne];B[nf];W[kc];B[mc];W[mb];B[jb];W[mf];B[le];W[lf];B[ke];W[ng]
;B[oh];W[ni];B[pg];W[kf];B[je];W[jf];B[ie];W[nh];B[oa];W[oi];B[la])
(;W[kc];B[qi];W[rh];B[ri];W[si];B[pi];W[sc];B[sb];W[se]))))
(;W[rc];B[nb];W[qb];B[pb];W[pa];B[ob];W[rb];B[ne]))
(;B[le];W[nc];B[lc];W[ob];B[pb];W[nb];B[rb];W[rd];B[qa]
(;W[ld];B[kd];W[md];B[mf];W[kc];B[jc];W[kb];B[jd];W[lb])
(;W[kd];B[ld];W[kb];B[lb];W[la];B[kc];W[jb];B[id];W[hc])))
(;B[pg]LB[ne:a][rh:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[ne];B[of];W[qg]LB[ph:a][nf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ph];W[qh];B[pi];W[nc];B[qi];W[rc];B[rb];W[rd];B[nb];W[mb];B[ob];W[lc];B[sb]
;W[ri];B[rj];W[sh];B[lg]LB[qk:a][mg:b]C[Black must not connect at 'a', as letting White play 'b' is bad.])
(;B[nf]LB[nc:a][ph:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nc];B[qh];W[rh];B[ri];W[rc];B[rb];W[rd];B[nb];W[mb];B[ob];W[qi];B[ph];W[rj]
;B[me])
(;W[ph]LB[me:a][mf:b]C[White must have the ladder. The continuation is based upon this.

Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[me];W[md];B[le];W[ld];B[ke];W[kd];B[jd];W[jc];B[id];W[ic];B[hd];W[nb];B[ob]
;W[hc];B[gd];W[fc])
(;B[mf];W[nc];B[nb];W[mb];B[ob];W[ld]LB[id:a][qj:b]C[After this, 'a' and 'b' are miai for Black.]))))
(;W[rh]C[White must have the ladder to play White 14 here.];B[nc]LB[ne:a][md:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[ne];B[of];W[nf];B[ph];W[qi];B[rg];W[rf];B[ng]LB[le:a][mg:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[le]LB[lg:a][kc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[lg];W[mc];B[mb];W[lc];B[lb];W[jc];B[qg];W[sg];B[pk];W[rk];B[pi];W[ql])
(;B[kc];W[mg];B[mh]LB[nh:a][lg:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nh];B[ni];W[og];B[oh];W[ng];B[mi];W[pk];B[oj])
(;W[lg];B[qg];W[sg];B[ni];W[ql])))
(;W[mg]LB[mh:a][nh:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mh];W[nh];B[ni];W[og];B[oh];W[ng];B[oj];W[ql];B[lh];W[ld];B[mc];W[kf];B[kc]
)
(;B[nh];W[lf];B[mh];W[lh];B[li];W[kh];B[ki];W[jh])))
(;W[md];B[nf]LB[rc:a][mc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[rc];B[rb];W[sd];B[lc];W[ld];B[kc];W[lf])
(;W[mc]LB[rd:a][qh:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rd];W[re];B[qg];W[rg];B[se];W[rf];B[rb];W[pi];B[lg]LB[jd:a][qk:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai.])
(;B[qh];W[rg];B[qj];W[ri];B[qi];W[rc];B[rb];W[rd];B[mb];W[lb];B[ma];W[kd])))))
(;B[ne]C[White must have the ladder.];W[md]LB[me:a][pg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[me];W[ld];B[le];W[nb];B[ob];W[kd];B[qh];W[pg];B[ph];W[rh];B[ri];W[og];B[qg]
;W[of];B[nh];W[oh];B[oi];W[rg];B[pi];W[ng];B[mg];W[mh];B[ni];W[lg]C[White 38 forces Black into bad shape with 39.];B[mf];W[rc]
;B[rb];W[sc];B[sb];W[re])
(;B[pg];W[rh]LB[qh:a][ng:b][ph:c][me:d]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'd'.]
(;B[qh];W[ri];B[me];W[ld];B[rg];W[qg];B[rf];W[ph];B[qi];W[of];B[og];W[qj])
(;B[ng]LB[kd:a][nb:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[kd];B[mb]LB[nb:a]C[The difference between Black 19 and a White forcing move at 'a' is big.];W[qi];B[kg];W[id])
(;W[nb];B[qg];W[rg];B[rd];W[se];B[ob];W[me];B[mf];W[lf];B[lg];W[kf];B[qi];W[ri]
;B[qj];W[rc];B[rb];W[sc];B[sb];W[sd];B[kg];W[jf]))
(;B[ph];W[qi];B[mb];W[me];B[ng])
(;B[me];W[ld];B[le];W[kd];B[ke];W[jd];B[qi];W[rc];B[rb];W[sd];B[sb];W[ri];B[if]
;W[he];B[qj];W[nb];B[ob];W[rj];B[qk]))))))
(;W[dp]C[If simplicity is the only object, switching elsewhere is feasible.];B[pd];W[qe];B[qf];W[pe];B[oe];W[pb];B[ob];W[rf];B[rg];W[re];B[of];W[qh]
;B[qg];W[pc];B[od];W[oa])))
(;W[pe]LB[qd:a][pd:b][qg:c][oe:d][qc:e]C[White prevents Black from gaining influence, but in the local context, abandoning profit in the corner entails a loss.

Black replies with 'a' to 'e'.

e5, d4, c 3, b2, a1]
(;B[qd]C[Black 3 secures the corner. In the local context Black is satisfied.];W[qe]LB[rd:a][pd:b]C[White 4 is absolutely necessary.

Black may continue with 'a' or 'b'. 'b' sometimes leads to complications.]
(;B[rd]LB[qh:a][qj:b][ne:c][me:d]C[White continues with 'a'to 'd'.]
(;W[qi]LB[nd:a]C[Black plays at 'a' or elsewhere.]
(;B[nd])
(;B[dp]LB[nd:a][md:b]C[Black plays elsewhere.  White presses with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nd];B[od];W[oe];B[re];W[qg];B[mb])
(;W[md];B[nc];W[ne];B[lc])))
(;W[qj];B[nd];W[ph])
(;W[ne];B[od];W[oe];B[re];W[qg];B[lc])
(;W[me]LB[mc:a][ne:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mc])
(;B[ne];W[nf];B[nd];W[mf];B[ld];W[md];B[mc];W[oe];B[pd])))
(;B[pd];W[oe]LB[nd:a][pi:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd];W[qi])
(;B[pi]LB[nc:a][md:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nc];B[od];W[nd];B[ne];W[rd];B[rc];W[re];B[qb];W[nb];B[ob];W[ld];B[nf];W[og]
)
(;W[md]
(;B[mb])
(;B[ne]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way.];W[nd];B[od];W[re];B[rd];W[og];B[nf];W[ng];B[le];W[ld];B[ke];W[jc])))))
(;B[pd]LB[oe:a][qe:b]C[Black 3 looks a little strange but can be quite practical.
White can answer at 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[oe];B[qe];W[qf];B[qd]LB[pg:a][rf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pg])
(;W[rf];B[nd];W[og]LB[pg:a]C[White 10 is proper as Black 'a' would spoil White's shape.]))
(;W[qe];B[oe]LB[qd:a][of:b]C[White can now choose between 'a' and 'b'.]
(;W[qd]
(;B[qc];W[rc];B[qb];W[of];B[ne];W[nf];B[me])
(;B[of];W[qc]))
(;W[of];B[qd];W[ne];B[od];W[nf];B[pf]
(;W[pg];B[qf];W[re];B[rg];W[qg];B[rf];W[rh];B[rd];W[qi])
(;W[re];B[pg];W[qh]C[The fighting prospects from here are equal.]))))
(;B[qg]LB[qd:a][qc:b]C[Black 3 is somewhat an exception. White continues with 'a' to revert to joseki. White 'b' is also possible, but there is trick play potential.]
(;W[qd]C[This gives the same result as when Black makes a two-space pincer against a White 3-4 stone (variation 2-1-5-5).])
(;W[qc];B[pd]LB[qe:a][qd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[qe]LB[oe:a][qd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'; White takes the corner, Black outside. Black 'b' is not as favorable.]
(;B[oe]LB[of:a][pf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[of];B[pf];W[ne];B[od];W[qd];B[md];W[og];B[qi]C[The fight continues on equal footing.])
(;W[pf];B[qd];W[rd]LB[re:a][rc:b]C[Black 'a' is better than 'b'.]
(;B[re];W[rf];B[rc];W[se];B[qb])
(;B[rc];W[rb];B[re];W[sc];B[rf];W[of];B[ne];W[nf];B[me];W[mf];B[le];W[pi]LB[pc:a][pb:b]C[White can aim for 'a' and 'b' in the endgame, in which case the corner is worth 7 points.]
)))
(;B[qd];W[rd];B[oe];W[of]LB[pf:a][rc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' for center orientation or 'b' to take the corner.]
(;B[pf];W[ne];B[od];W[rf]C[White is not bad off. Whatever happens next depends on fighting strength.])
(;B[rc];W[re];B[qb];W[ne];B[od];W[pg])))
(;W[qd]C[White 6 is a mistake.];B[qe]LB[oe:a][re:b]C[White 'a' is bad enough. White 'b' is worse.]
(;W[oe];B[re]LB[nc:a][ob:b]C[White 'a' and the White corner stones die. White 'b' and the two White stones on the outside are left weak.]
(;W[nc];B[pc];W[qb];B[nb];W[mc];B[mb];W[lc];B[lb];W[od];B[pb];W[pa];B[ob];W[kb]
;B[rd];W[rc];B[ra])
(;W[ob];B[od];W[nb];B[ne];W[og];B[mc];W[rb];B[mb]))
(;W[re];B[qf];W[ob];B[nb];W[pb];B[nc]))))
(;B[oe]LB[od:a][of:b]C[Black 3 is an aggressive move. Commonsense decrees that securing territory by playing in the corner is good enough. From this point of view, Black 3 is a mischief-making move.

White may respond with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[od]LB[nd:a][pd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[nd];W[pd];B[pc];W[qc];B[mc];W[of];B[ne];W[rd])
(;B[pd];W[nd];B[pc]LB[of:a][qe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White must have the ladder to play at 'a'.]
(;W[of];B[qe];W[ne];B[qf];W[nc])
(;W[qe];B[of];W[nc]LB[rc:a][qg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rc];W[qh];B[kd];W[le])
(;B[qg];W[rc];B[rb];W[rg];B[qh];W[rd];B[nb];W[mb];B[oa];W[ld];B[sb];W[rh];B[ri]
;W[qf];B[qi];W[sf];B[oh];W[ic]))))
(;W[of]LB[ne:a][pf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ne];W[pd];B[pf];W[qf];B[pg];W[qg];B[ph];W[qh];B[pi];W[pc];B[qi];W[nb]LB[ob:a][od:b][qj:c]C[White 16 is a tesuji - if Black 'a', White 'b' is good. Black 15 at 'a' is too mild, as White jumps out to 'c'.]
)
(;B[pf]LB[qe:a][od:b]C[Black must have the ladder to play at 5. White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe]LB[ne:a][qf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[ne];W[pg];B[nf];W[og];B[qc];W[qj])
(;B[qf];W[rf];B[og];W[nf];B[ne];W[ng];B[rg];W[re];B[qg]LB[pb:a][oh:b]
(;W[pb]LB[pc:a][nh:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pc];W[qc];B[ob];W[oh];B[qj];W[qb];B[le])
(;B[nh];W[lf];B[pc];W[qc];B[ob];W[qb];B[ld];W[lh];B[oi]))
(;W[oh];B[qc];W[qi];B[ri];W[rj];B[rh];W[qk];B[rd];W[me])))
(;W[od];B[ne];W[pd];B[nd];W[nc];B[pc];W[qc];B[qb];W[rd];B[nb];W[mc];B[rb];W[qf]
;B[pg];W[qg];B[ph];W[qh];B[pi];W[mb];B[ob]))))
(;B[qc]C[Black 3 is too low.];W[qd];B[rc]LB[qi:a][ne:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qi];B[oe];W[of];B[ne];W[pc];B[pb];W[pd];B[nb])
(;W[ne];B[md])))
(;W[qc]LB[pe:a][qd:b][pd:c][qe:d][qf:e]C[White goes for profit at the expense of influence. A ladder helps White when playing 2.

Black replies with 'a' to 'e'.

e5, d4, c 3, b2, a1]
(;B[pe]LB[qe:a][re:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe]LB[qf:a][pf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qf]LB[pf:a][ob:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pf];B[qd];W[re]LB[oe:a][pd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[oe];W[rd];B[pg])
(;B[pd];W[rd];B[qg];W[pc];B[od];W[of];B[pi];W[mf];B[ob];W[rb];B[ld]))
(;W[ob];B[nb];W[nc];B[od];W[mb];B[pb];W[na];B[pc];W[nd];B[ne];W[me];B[nf]C[The two White stones in the corner are not captured yet.];W[qb]C[White can get a ko.]
;B[pa];W[re];B[rf];W[qd];B[qa];W[ra];B[rb];W[sb]))
(;B[pf]LB[qf:a][ob:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qf];B[pg];W[qg];B[ph];W[jc])
(;W[ob];B[nc];W[qf];B[pg];W[nb];B[mc];W[pd];B[od];W[pc])))
(;W[re]
(;B[qb];W[pb];B[pc];W[rb];B[qd];W[rc];B[ob];W[qa];B[kd])
(;B[qf];W[rf];B[qg];W[ob];B[nb];W[pb];B[nc])))
(;B[qd]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way.];W[rd]LB[pd:a][qe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pd]LB[qe:a][re:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe];B[rc];W[rb];B[re];W[sc];B[qf])
(;W[re];B[qb];W[rc];B[pb];W[qh];B[kc]))
(;B[qe];W[pc];B[od];W[re];B[qg];W[rf];B[og]))
(;B[pd]C[Black 3 is playable only in this pattern. This shape is a little vulgar and so is not seen in other joseki. The ladder for Black is desirable.];W[qe]C[Black 4 is the only good move.];B[qd];W[rd])
(;B[qe]C[There must be reasons in the neighboring positions for Black to attack the 3-3 stone with a pincer. On its own the pincer is a little unreasonable.];W[pd];B[pf]LB[od:a][pe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[od];B[mc]LB[nd:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[nd];B[nc];W[nf])
(;W[nc];B[nd];W[nb];B[md];W[ob];B[nf]))
(;W[pe];B[qf];W[ne];B[md];W[of];B[ph]))
(;B[qf]LB[qe:a][pd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qe];B[pe]LB[pf:a][ob:b]C[From here White cuts at 'a' or attaches underneath at 'b'.])
(;W[pd];B[of];W[od];B[mc];W[nd];B[md];W[nf]))))
(;B[od]LB[qd:a][qc:b]C[The takamoku (high) point (5-4). With its emphasis on influence, the 5-4 point complements the 4-4 (hoshi) point in creating an influence-oriented fuseki.

White approaches with 'a' or 'b'. White 'b' is played when Black has support at the top.

There are several 5-4 trick plays, often involving unfathomable reading, with pitfalls at any point. Some simple variations of trick plays are covered here.]
(;W[qd]LB[qc:a][qe:b][pf:c][pg:d][qf:e][qg:f][re:g]C[Black responds with 'a' to 'f'. 

Black 'c' is the most appropriate response given the influence orientation of the 5-4.

Black 'f' & 'g' are trick plays.  

Black 'g' gives equal outcomes if both sides play correctly: Black gets thickness, and White corner territory.

g7, f6, e5, d4, c3, b2, a1
]
(;B[qc]LB[rc:a][kc:b]C[White reponses are 'a' and 'b'.]
(;W[rc];B[pc]LB[re:a][pf:b][qf:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;W[re];B[kc]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b', or plays elsewhere ('c').]LB[pf:a][oe:b][dp:c]
(;W[pf]LB[pg:a][oe:b]C[White 'a' and 'b' are also possible, as well as playing elsewhere.];B[dp]LB[ne:a][nd:b][ic:c][ld:d]C[Black plays elsewhere.  White can press with 'a', 'b' or 'd'. White 'a' emphasizes the right side, while 'b' and 'd' are pure reduction moves.

White 'c' can be played if White values the top.]
(;W[ne]LB[mc:a][nd:b]C[Black can protect at 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[mc])
(;B[nd]))
(;W[nd];B[me];W[ld])
(;W[ic]CR[hc]LB[ke:a][cq:b]C[A Black extension to the red dot before White 10 is a first-rate fuseki point.

Black continues with 'a'. Black should not ignore White 10 ('b').]
(;B[ke]C[White 20 can be considered a forcing move.])
(;B[cq]C[Black ignores White's checking extension. White invades.];W[mc]LB[md:a][ld:b]C[Black continues with 'a', and lets White connect underneath. Black 'b' is unreasonable.]
(;B[md])
(;B[ld];W[md];B[me];W[kb];B[jb];W[lb];B[jc];W[ib];B[ja];W[ne])))
(;W[ld]))
(;W[oe];B[ne];W[of];B[qf]C[Black 11 is a tesuji at the vital point of White's shape.];W[pd];B[nd];W[pi])
(;W[dp]LB[pg:a][qf:b]C[White plays elsewhere. Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black aims for influence, while 'b' aims to build a presence on the right.]
(;B[pg]LB[qf:a][oe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qf];B[pf]LB[qh:a][cq:b]C[White continues locally with 'a', or switches elsewhere again ('b').]
(;W[qh])
(;W[cq]C[White plays elsewhere again.];B[qg];W[rg];B[rh];W[br]C[Amazingly, White plays elsewhere again.];B[sg];W[rf];B[rb];W[sb];B[qb];W[pe]LB[oe:a][pd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b', making a false eye, is not recommended.]

(;B[oe];W[pd]C[There is still a cutting point in Black's outside wall. This outcome should not favor Black (with three White moves elsewhere).])
(;B[pd]C[Black should not play 23 here unless White can be killed.];W[oe])))
(;W[oe];B[pe];W[pd];B[oc];W[ne];B[qe];W[rd];B[qg];W[qb];B[pb];W[qa];B[ng]C[Black 21 is a possible continuation.];W[mc]
;B[mb]LB[le:a][nb:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' does not work.]
(;W[le])
(;W[nb]LB[md:a][nc:b]C[White 24 is a mistake. Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[md]C[Black's double contact play is a tesuji.];W[lc];B[lb];W[nc];B[nd];W[ld];B[pa];W[sb];B[me];W[kd])
(;B[nc];W[lb];B[md];W[lc];B[nd]))))
(;B[qf];W[pe];B[pg]LB[oe:a][pf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[oe]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[ng:a][nd:b]
(;B[ng];W[mg]LB[nd:a][nf:b][ne:c]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b and 'c' are unreasonable.]
(;B[nd];W[nf];B[nh];W[lf])
(;B[nf]C[Black 15 is a mistake.];W[ne];B[mc];W[nc];B[nd];W[me];B[md];W[mf];B[nh];W[li])
(;B[ne]C[Black 15 is a mistake.];W[nd];B[nc];W[md];B[mc];W[nf];B[me];W[og]C[Black may be better off at top, but the original aim of building the right side is ruined.]))
(;B[nd];W[og];B[oh];W[ng];B[ph];W[ne]))
(;W[pf];B[og];W[qg];B[qh];W[rg];B[rh];W[rf]))))
(;W[pf]C[White 6 is a strategy when Black has the lower right corner and White wants to make a significant extension to the lower side.];B[rb];W[qj])
(;W[qf]AB[jc]C[White plays 6 when Black already has an extension as shown.];B[rb];W[qi]))
(;W[kc]LB[pd:a][rd:b][qe:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[pd];W[qe]LB[pb:a][rc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' and ends in sente. Black 'b' is not recommended, as Black gets a narrow extension and ends in gote.]
(;B[pb];W[qh])
(;B[rc];W[qh];B[mc]C[Black 9 nine is one space too close.]))
(;B[rd];W[pc];B[pd];W[qe]LB[rc:a][re:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rc];W[oc]C[White 10 is a continuation.];B[nc];W[nb];B[nd];W[mb];B[pf])
(;B[re];W[qf];B[qb];W[of];B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere. White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nd:a][ob:b]
(;W[nd];B[nc];W[md])
(;W[ob];B[nb];W[nc];B[oc];W[mb];B[pb];W[na])))
(;B[qe];W[pd];B[pc];W[pe];B[rd];W[re];B[qf];W[oe];B[rc];W[nd];B[oc];W[pg];B[rf]
;W[ng])))
(;B[qe]C[Black 3 aims to build influence, but this could alter. A favorable ladder for Black is desirable, but not necessary.];W[re]LB[pe:a][qf:b]C[Joseki continues with Black 'a'. Black 'b' is not joseki.]
(;B[pe]LB[qf:a][rf:b][pc:c]C[White continues with 'a' (joseki). 

White 'b' is not advantageous, as White is low. 

White 'c' is not joseki.]
(;W[qf]LB[rd:a][rf:b][pf:c][pg:d]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'd'.

outcomes:

a1 - Black outside (Black must have the ladder)
b2 - Black inside
c3 - Fighting
d4 - Black avoids basic patterns, and may trick White]
(;B[rd]C[Black plays 7 to take the outside. Black must have the ladder to catch White 6 to play this way.];W[rc];B[rf];W[sd];B[qg]LB[ob:a]C[Black must have the ladder.

White continues  at 'a' with joseki. To play elsewhere ('b') invites a loss.]
(;W[ob];B[pf];W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[nb]LB[nc:a][oc:b][pb:c]C[This is Black's continuation to try to seal White in, but White trades the corner for the side with 'a'. 

White 'b' is vulgar.

White 'c' preserves the corner if the side is not worth the corner sacrifice.]
(;W[nc];B[oc];W[mb];B[pb];W[na];B[pc];W[nd];B[pa]LB[qb:a]C[If Black omits 23, White 'a' brings the corner back to life. The result is equal.])
(;W[oc];B[nc];W[pd];B[qb]C[Black 19 is effectively timed.];W[pb];B[nd]C[Black gets good outside influence while retaining some ominous corner potential.])
(;W[pb]))
(;W[dp]C[White playing elsewhere is a mistake.];B[pc]LB[qc:a]C[White plays 'a' to save the corner, or elsewhere ('b') and loses the corner.]
(;W[qc];B[pf]C[Black forces with 13.])
(;W[cq];B[qb]C[Black can capture the corner, but has taken many stones to do so.])))
(;B[rf]C[Black plays 7 to take the inside.];W[rg]LB[pf:a][rd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rd];W[sf];B[qc];W[pf]LB[of:a][ne:b]C[Black continues with 'a', 'b' or elsewhere.]
(;B[of]C[Continuation.];W[og];B[nf])
(;B[ne]C[Continuation.];W[nf];B[mf];W[of];B[me])
(;B[dp]C[Black plays elsewhere.];W[ne];B[mc]))
(;B[pf];W[sf]C[Out of self-respect, White 10 is the only move.];B[qg];W[qh]LB[rf:a][pg:b]C[White must not play 12 at 'a', letting Black extend to 12.

Black continues at 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rf];W[rc];B[pg];W[ri];B[oi])
(;B[pg];W[ph];B[rf];W[rc];B[rh];W[qf];B[oh];W[oi];B[rf];W[sg];B[nh];W[ni];B[mi]
;W[pj];B[mh])))
(;B[pf]C[Black 7 is for strong fighters.];W[qg];B[rf];W[rd]LB[qh:a][pg:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' builds thickness, but gives up too much territory.]
(;B[qh]LB[rg:a][pg:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'a' can give a settled shape or start a fight at White's choice. White 'b produces a fight.]
(;W[rg];B[pg]LB[ph:a][rh:b]C[White 'a' starts a fight. Alternately, to avoid a fight, White may play 'b', which settles the shape without loss to White.]
(;W[ph];B[rh];W[sf];B[qj];W[oh];B[oj];W[mh];B[ld])
(;W[rh];B[qi]))
(;W[pg];B[rg];W[ph];B[qi]LB[pi:a][oc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pi];B[qj];W[oc];B[nc];W[ob];B[pd];W[pc];B[md];W[nb];B[lc];W[ne];B[nd];W[ng]
)
(;W[oc];B[nc];W[pc];B[pi];W[nh];B[oi];W[ng];B[nd])))
(;B[pg];W[qh];B[ph];W[qi]))
(;B[pg]LB[qc:a][pf:b][qh:c][qg:d]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'c' and 'd' are mistakes.]
(;W[qc];B[pf];W[rf])
(;W[pf];B[of];W[rg];B[og];W[qi])
(;W[qh];B[rd];W[rc];B[rf];W[sd];B[qg])
(;W[qg];B[qh]C[White is likely to be captured.];W[ph];B[pf];W[qi];B[rh];W[rg];B[sg];W[rf];B[ri];W[qj];B[rj];W[qk]
;B[rk];W[ql];B[rc];W[rd];B[qc])))
(;W[rf]C[White plays 6 to avoid the result in which his outside stone is captured, but in the local context this move is disadvantageous.];B[qc]LB[rc:a][rd:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is not joseki.]
(;W[rc];B[pd];W[rd];B[qb];W[qh];B[kc])
(;W[rd];B[pc];W[qh];B[kc]LB[qk:a]C[White does not have as good an eye shape as joseki, and needs to add a play at 'a' to get a satisfactory position.]))
(;W[pc]LB[rf:a][oc:b]C[Black continues as 'a'. Black 'b' is not as good.]
(;B[rf];W[oc];B[nc];W[nb];B[mc];W[mb];B[lc];W[rd];B[qg])
(;B[oc];W[rf];B[kc]LB[qc:a]C[Black cannot attach at 'a' successfully when White plays elsewhere.];W[dp];B[qc]C[Black cannot play 11 successfully, though White must play correctly.];W[qb];B[rc];W[pb];B[rd];W[pd];B[rb]
;W[ob]LB[nb:a][oe:b]C[Black cannot block at 'a' because of the cutting point at 'b'.];B[nb];W[oe])))
(;B[qf]C[Black 5 is slightly vulgar & not joseki.];W[pd];B[oe]LB[ob:a][rf:b]C[White 'a' is correct. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[ob]C[Black may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[rf];W[mc]C[White moves out.];B[rd];W[rc];B[se];W[me]LB[oc:a][pb:b]C[White need not worry about connection. Black 'a', White 'b'; Black 'b', White 'a'.])
(;B[nb];W[pb];B[mc];W[rf];B[qh]))
(;W[rf];B[rc];W[rd]C[White must play this way or else he loses stones.];B[oc];W[pb];B[ob];W[qb];B[jc]LB[pe:a][of:b]C[Black's two stones are expendable. Black plays 'b' to White 'a'.])))
(;B[pf]LB[oc:a][qf:b]C[Black 3 can be regarded as the most appropriate continuation from the 5-4 stone.

White continues with 'a' or 'b' or plays elsewhere ('c').]
(;W[oc]LB[nc:a][pd:b][pc:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'. 

Black 'a' and 'b' aim to build influence along the top. 

Black 'c' starts a fight. Black must have the ladder off Black 3 to play this way.]
(;B[nc];W[pc]LB[nd:a][md:b][nb:c]C[Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[nd];W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[re];W[rd])
(;B[md])
(;B[nb]LB[rf:a][nd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. ]
(;W[rf];B[ng];W[ic];B[rg];W[re];B[qg])
(;W[nd]LB[pd:a][nf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.

Black 'a' results in split groups and fighting.

Black 'b' gives up the corner for the right side.]
(;B[pd];W[qc]LB[nf:a][md:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Both result in split groups and continued fighting.]
(;B[nf];W[md];B[lc])
(;B[md];W[ne];B[of];W[nf];B[re];W[ng];B[ph];W[ob];B[kc];W[qe];B[qf];W[ni];B[pk]
))
(;B[nf];W[md];B[pd];W[mc];B[qc];W[qb];B[rc];W[ob];B[rb];W[mb]))))
(;B[pd];W[pc]LB[qc:a][qe:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qc]LB[rc:a][qe:b]C[White 'a' is joseki. White 'b' is a trick play.]
(;W[rc];B[qb];W[rb];B[qe];W[rd];B[nc];W[pb];B[ob];W[qa];B[md];W[ne];B[nd])
(;W[qe]LB[rc:a][qf:b]C[White 8 is a trick play.

Black continues with 'a'. Played correctly, Black gets a "flower-viewing" ko.

Black is tricked if he plays at 'b'.]
(;B[rc]LB[qf:a][rd:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'. Neither work if Black plays correctly.]
(;W[qf];B[nc];W[nb];B[mb];W[qb];B[rb];W[ob];B[mc];W[ra];B[pa]LB[qa:a][rd:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b'. Both result in ko.]
(;W[qa];B[na];W[pb];B[ma];W[oa];B[sa];W[sb];B[sc])
(;W[rd];B[qa];W[sb];B[sa]))
(;W[rd];B[qb]LB[nc:a][qf:b]C['a' and 'b' are miai. Black's reply (at 'b') to White 'a' is less obvious (than White 'b', Black 'a').];W[nc];B[qf];W[rf];B[rg];W[qg];B[sf];W[re];B[pg]))
(;B[qf]CR[rc]C[Black 9 is a mistake. Black should have played at the red dot.];W[rc]LB[qb:a][nc:b]C[Black 'a' is better than 'b'.]
(;B[qb];W[rb];B[nc];W[pb];B[ob];W[qa];B[nf])
(;B[nc];W[qb];B[nd]))))
(;B[qe]
(;W[rd];B[qc];W[qb];B[re];W[rc];B[md])
(;W[qc];B[nd];W[mc];B[le];W[lc])))
(;B[pc]C[Black must have a ladder off 3 to play this way.];W[pd]LB[qc:a][nc:b]C[Black may continue at 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[qc];W[rc];B[rb]LB[rd:a][nc:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'a' is fighting. White 'b' is peaceful, but a loss in the local context.]
(;W[rd];B[ob];W[nc];B[nb]LB[mc:a][oe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[mc];B[oe];W[sb];B[qb];W[qg];B[ph];W[kc];B[mb];W[lb];B[ld];W[lc];B[ma]
(;W[qf];B[qh];W[rh];B[ri];W[pg];B[og];W[oh]C[The ladder must be favorable for Black because of White 32.];B[ng];W[sg];B[oi];W[hc];B[nh])
(;W[rh]
(;B[pg];W[qj];B[hc])
(;B[qh];W[rf];B[qj];W[ri];B[oj];W[hc])))
(;W[oe];B[nd];W[mc];B[md];W[lc];B[ld];W[kc];B[kd];W[jc]
(;B[sb]
(;W[pe];B[jd];W[id];B[ie];W[hd];B[qf];W[of];B[og];W[ng];B[oh];W[mf])
(;W[qg];B[jd];W[id];B[ie];W[hd];B[qf];W[rf];B[re];W[rg];B[qe];W[of];B[pg];W[pe]
;B[se];W[mf];B[kf];W[mh];B[pi]))
(;B[qf];W[sb];B[qa];W[ra];B[sa];W[pe]
(;B[sc];W[of])
(;B[ng];W[ra];B[qb];W[pa];B[sa];W[of];B[og];W[ra];B[pb];W[mb];B[sa];W[sc];B[re]
;W[jd];B[nf];W[na]C[White captures, Black builds thickness. The result is considered equal.]))))
(;W[nc];B[rd];W[re];B[sc];W[oe];B[qe];W[nd]))
(;B[nc];W[ob];B[pb];W[nb];B[rc];W[qc];B[qb];W[rb];B[ra];W[sb];B[sc];W[pa];B[sa]
;W[rb];B[sb];W[oa];B[rd];W[qa];B[re];W[rb]LB[oe:a][nd:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'a' emphasizes the right at the expense of the top. Black 'b' ]
(;B[oe];W[mc];B[qb];W[jc])
(;B[nd];W[qf];B[qe];W[pe];B[qg];W[oe];B[ld]))))
(;W[qf]C[White must have ladder to play this way.

Black continues at 'a' to 'c'.]LB[pg:a][qg:b][qc:c]
(;B[pg];W[oc]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[nc:a][pd:b]
(;B[nc];W[pc];B[md];W[qg];B[ph])
(;B[pd];W[pc];B[qc];W[rd];B[nc];W[qb];B[md]))
(;B[qg];W[pg]LB[qe:a][of:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.

Black 'a' gives White the corner while Black takes thickness while persuing a White center group.

Black 'b' is a powerful fighting method, and works whether the ladder is favorable or not.]
(;B[qe];W[rf]LB[pe:a][of:b]C[Black plays 'a' if the ladder is unfavorable, or 'b' if the ladder is favorable. White should not have played this variation if the ladder was unfavorable for White.]
(;B[pe];W[re];B[qh];W[oc];B[nc];W[pc];B[md];W[og];B[pj];W[mg])
(;B[of]C[Black must have the ladder to play this way.];W[re];B[ph]))
(;B[of]LB[pe:a][qh:b]C[Black starts a fight. This can be considered a trick play, though an equal result is possible..

White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake if Black plays properly.]
(;W[pe];B[rf];W[qe];B[oe];W[rg];B[qh];W[rh];B[qi];W[pc]CR[oc]C[The red dot point is large for either player, depending on the importance of the top.])
(;W[qh]LB[rg:a][qe:b]C[White 8 is a mistake only if Black plays well. Black continues with 'a' or 'b'. Black 'a' is complicated, 'b' simple.]
(;B[rg]LB[rh:a][rf:b]C[White continues with 'b'. White 'a' does not lead to a favorable result for White.
]
(;W[rh]LB[og:a][rf:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b', neither favorable.]
(;B[og];W[ph];B[qe];W[rf];B[re];W[sg];B[pd])
(;B[rf];W[qe];B[ph];W[og];B[ng];W[oh];B[pi]LB[re:a][nf:b]C[White may try 'a' or 'b', neither favorable.]
(;W[re];B[ni];W[sf];B[nh];W[sg];B[oi])
(;W[nf];B[ne];W[nh];B[qi];W[mg];B[me];W[re];B[ri];W[pd];B[oe];W[ob])))
(;W[rf];B[rh];W[qi]LB[ph:a][ri:b]C[Black continues with 'a' if the ladder is favorable, 'b' if not.]
(;B[ph];W[og];B[pi];W[ri];B[ng])
(;B[ri];W[qj];B[rj];W[qk]LB[rk:a][qc:b]C[Black must continue at 'a'. Black loses with White 'b'. ]
(;B[rk];W[ql];B[qc];W[rc];B[rb]LB[rd:a][pc:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[rd]LB[rl:a][qb:b]C[Black must continue with 'a'. Black cannot afford to play 'b'; he will be one move short.]
(;B[rl];W[pc];B[oc];W[qb];B[qm];W[og];B[ng]C[This is an equal result.])
(;B[qb];W[rl];B[pd];W[sk]))
(;W[pc]C[White 22 is a mistake.];B[qb];W[pd];B[oc];W[pb];B[rd];W[re];B[sd];W[ob];B[mc];W[mb];B[lc];W[nb]
;B[rl]))
(;B[qc];W[rk];B[rd];W[qe];B[pd];W[rc];B[rb];W[sg];B[pe];W[sj]))))
(;B[qe]LB[rg:a][rf:b]C[White 'a' is better than 'b'.]
(;W[rg];B[rf]LB[qg:a][pd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'. White 'b is tough, but White gets the corner through ko fights with 'b'.]
(;W[qg];B[pe];W[re];B[rd];W[sf];B[qc])
(;W[pd];B[oc];W[pe];B[qg];W[oe];B[ne];W[qf];B[re];W[rd];B[qg];W[nd];B[qf];W[nc]
;B[pb];W[nb];B[rb];W[qb];B[qc];W[pc];B[ob];W[rc];B[qa];W[oa];B[qc];W[me];B[nf]
;W[qb]))
(;W[rf];B[re];W[rg];B[pd])))))
(;B[qc];W[re];B[pc];W[pg]))
(;W[dp]C[White plays elsewhere.];B[re];W[ob];B[pc];W[lc]))
(;B[pg]LB[dp:a][qf:b][oc:c]C[Black presses on a large scale with 3, like a samurai brandishing a sword. Black aims at an immediate lead, so White must be cautious.

White best response is to play elsewhere ('a'), but may locally continue with 'b'. White 'c' is not recommended.]
(;W[dp]LB[qc:a][qf:b]C[White's best response is to play elsewhere. Black follows up with 'a' to emphasize the top or 'b' to emphasize the right side.]
(;B[qc]LB[rc:a][re:b][qf:c]C[White continues with 'a' to 'c'. White is confined to the corner with 'a', and escapes to the side with 'b' or 'c'.  White 'b' leaves some thinness for White.]
(;W[rc];B[pc];W[re];B[qf];W[rf];B[rg];W[qh];B[qg];W[qb];B[pb];W[rb])
(;W[re];B[rc];W[qh])
(;W[qf]LB[pd:a][pf:b]
(;B[pd];W[re];B[rc];W[qh])
(;B[pf];W[rc];B[pc];W[re])))
(;B[qf]LB[pc:a][ob:b][oc:c]C[White continues with 'a' to live in the corner, or 'b' or 'c' to sacrifice the corner for a postion at top.]
(;W[pc];B[oc];W[ob];B[nb];W[pb])
(;W[ob];B[pc];W[pb];B[qc];W[lc])
(;W[oc];B[pc];W[pd];B[qc];W[rc];B[rb];W[ob];B[rd];W[qb];B[sc];W[pb];B[rc];W[nd]
;B[oe];W[kc])))
(;W[qf]LB[pf:a][qg:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pf];W[oc];B[nc];W[pc];B[md];W[qg];B[ph])
(;B[qg];W[oe];B[pe];W[pd];B[ne]LB[oc:a][of:b]C[White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[oc]LB[of:a][nd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[of];W[nc]LB[qe:a][rf:b]C[Black 'a' and White 'b' are large points that remain.])
(;B[nd]C[Black 11 is a mistake.];W[nc];B[ld];W[mc];B[lf]))
(;W[of]C[White 10 is a mistake.];B[pf];W[oc];B[nd];W[nc];B[ld];W[mc];B[lf]C[Black's thickness is superior to White's territory. The two White stones are forfeit.])))
(;W[oc]C[White 4 is risky.];B[pc];W[pd];B[qc];W[rc];B[rb];W[rd];B[ob];W[nc];B[nb]LB[mc:a][oe:b]C[White 'a' is bad, White 'b' worse.]

(;W[mc];B[oe];W[sb];B[qb];W[rg];B[rh];W[qg];B[qh];W[pf];B[of];W[pe];B[og];W[rf]C[Having to make life in gote is painful. White's three stones at top will suffer.]
)
(;W[oe];B[nd];W[mc];B[md];W[lc];B[ld];W[kc];B[kd];W[jc]LB[sb:a][jd:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[sb];W[nf];B[jd];W[id];B[ie];W[hd];B[of];W[pf];B[og];W[ne];B[ng];W[lf];B[kg]LB[mg:a]C[Keeping 'a' in reserve is a tesuji.]
;W[qg];B[qh];W[rg];B[rh];W[rf];B[lg];W[sg]LB[qe:a]C[White must play 42 or Black 'a' kills him.])
(;B[jd]LB[sb:a][id:b]C[Black 23 is a mistake. White continues with 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake.];W[sb];B[qa];W[ic]))))
(;B[qf]C[Black 3 is a special approach when Black is strong in the surrounding area.];W[pe];B[qc];W[rc];B[pc];W[re]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[pg:a][kc:b]
(;B[pg]LB[oe:a][pf:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[oe];B[md];W[ne];B[lc];W[ng])
(;W[pf];B[og];W[qg];B[qh];W[rg];B[rh];W[rf]))
(;B[kc]C[Black 9 renders the pincer meaningless, but the local result is equal.];W[oe];B[nd];W[qh]))
(;B[qg]LB[pe:a][pf:b][qf:c]C[Black 3 is a trick play.  White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pe]LB[og:a][qc:b]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[og];W[oe];B[md];W[ne])
(;B[qc];W[rc];B[pc];W[re];B[og];W[oe];B[md];W[me];B[ld];W[pj]))
(;W[pf]LB[pg:a][qc:b]C[Black may try 'a' or 'b'.]
(;B[pg];W[oc]LB[nc:a][pc:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' is a mistake.]
(;B[nc];W[pc];B[nd];W[qf];B[of]LB[og:a]C[There is later the cutting point at 'a'. Black may play 11 at 'a'.])
(;B[pc];W[pd];B[qc]LB[nc:a][rc:b]C[White may continue with 'a' or 'b'. ]
(;W[nc];B[rd];W[oe];B[re];W[nd])
(;W[rc];B[rb];W[rd];B[ob];W[nc];B[nb];W[mc])))
(;B[qc];W[rc];B[pc];W[qf];B[rb];W[qi]))
(;W[qf];B[pf];W[pg]C[See variation 5-1-3-2-2 for this joseki.]))
(;B[re]LB[qe:a][pe:b]C[White 'a' is correct. White 'b' is a mistake.]
(;W[qe];B[qf]LB[pf:a][pe:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[pf];B[pe]LB[rf:a][qg:b]C[White 'a' yields an equal result. White 'b' results in a big ko, the outcome uncertain.]
(;W[rf];B[qg];W[rg];B[qh];W[rh];B[of]LB[qi:a][pd:b]C[White continues with 'a' or 'b'.]
(;W[qi];B[qc];W[rd];B[pg];W[pc];B[oc];W[qb];B[pb];W[rc])
(;W[pd];B[pg];W[oc];B[nd];W[nc];B[mc];W[pc];B[ld]))
(;W[qg];B[rf];W[rg];B[rd];W[qc];B[rc];W[rb];B[qb];W[pb];B[qa]LB[pc:a][pa:b]C[White continues at 'a'. White 'b' is a mistake, as White ends in a big loss.]
(;W[pc];B[sb];W[oe];B[of];W[pd];B[pg];W[ne];B[pe])
(;W[pa];B[pc];W[ra];B[qb];W[qa];B[of];W[pg];B[ob])))
(;W[pe]C[This normally bad shape is a calm play here.];B[rd];W[qc];B[ne];W[pf];B[qg];W[nf];B[mf];W[ng]LB[me:a][qj:b]C[Black continues with 'a'. Black 'b' invites a cut at 'a' and a subsequent loss.]
(;B[me];W[qi])
(;B[qj];W[me];B[le];W[md];B[ld];W[mc];B[lc];W[lb];B[kb];W[nb])))
(;W[pe]C[White 4 is a mistake.];B[qc]LB[rc:a][rd:b]C[White 'a' and 'b' both give bad results for White.]
(;W[rc];B[rd];W[pc];B[qb];W[pd];B[rb])
(;W[rd];B[rc];W[rf];B[pd];W[qe];B[lc]))))
(;W[qc]AB[jc]LB[qe:a][pc:b][pe:c]C[White plays the 3-3 when Black has a stone at top such as shown.

Black continues with 'a' to 'c'.]
(;B[qe];W[pd];B[pe];W[oc];B[nc];W[nb];B[nd];W[mb]AB[rc][rb]AE[rb][rc];B[rc]C[Black 11 is post-joseki.]
;W[rb];B[pb];W[pc];B[rd];W[qb])
(;B[pc]C[Black must have a stone at top to play this way.];W[qd]C[Black continues with 'a' or 'b'.]LB[of:a][pe:b]
(;B[of];W[qg])
(;B[pe];W[rf];B[pg];W[qh];B[je]))
(;B[pe];W[ob];B[qd];W[pc]))))